SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000 New Technologies for Rural...

SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

New Technologies for Rural Accessibility

Introduction to ITU-D Focus Group 7’s Final Report

INFOETHICS2000

Yasuhiko KAWASUMI

November 13, 2000, Paris

<www7.itu.int/itudfg7>


Focus Group 7 BackgroundFocus Group 7 Background

Topic of study formulated at WTDC98 (Valleta, Malta)

“Study various mechanism by which to promote the development of new telecommunication technologies for rural applications”

Funded by a Voluntary Contribution from the Government of Japan


FG7 Activities 1999 - 2000

Case Library: 57 project reports collected and available on-line

FG7 Web Site: Over 1000 visitors from more than 60 countries

Number of FG7 registered members: 81

Discussion groups via email, archived on-line


Collection of Case Reports on;

a) ongoing projects using technologies specially designed for rural areas of developing countries including Multipurpose Community Tele-center, Telemedicine and Tele-education;

b) planned projects that make new combinations linked with WLL networks;

c) examples of how equipment has been adapted for use in particular, harsh climatic or other conditions of remote and rural areas, such as solar powered telephone


Focus Group aimed; a)to select those types of project or system

that have social or economic importance but limited commercial profitability, so that the ITU can focus special support upon such projects in helping to develop technology for rural applications;

b)to list new measures to be taken by ITU-D to encourage manufacturers and relevant organizations to create technology tailored to developing countries;

c)among those measure, to recommend priorities that ITU-D should follow to help achieve the development of technology for rural applications.


Characteristics of Rural Areas

- scarcity of absence of public facilities such as reliable electricity supply, water, access roads and regular transport;

- scarcity of technical personnel - difficult topographical conditions, e.g. lakes, rivers, hills,

mountains or desserts which render the construction of telecommunications networks very costly

- severe climatic conditions that make critical demands on the equipment

- low level of economic activity mainly based on agriculture, fishing, handicrafts, etc.;

- low per capita income - underdeveloped social infrastructure(health, education,

etc): - low population density;


FG7 Findings: Applications

Source: Freeplay Foundation

Women in Mozambique listening to broadcasts on a clockwork-powered radio


Disadvantage of Rural Areas

a) Low educational level, high illiteracy rate b) Hardly any job opportunities c) Low income per capita and per family d) Increasing migration of the young to

urban centers e) Unreliable and badly functioning public transport f) Irregular, if any, power supply g) Poor health care and medical services h) Lack of other government services i) Little participation in national affairs


Community and Business Development Applications

Multipurpose Community

Telecenters (MCTs)

Equipment layout at the Valle de Angeles MCT

Telephone-based Interactive Voice Response (IVR)

Three access options for delivering relevant information to rural communities over the PSTN

(Source: RiSTi - Telkom Indonesia)


Videophone Telemedicine in Indonesia

Telemedicine

Electrocardiogram monitor that transmits patient data over a

regular telephone line


African Virtual University

Tele-education

AVU classroom at the Ethiopian Civil Service College (left)

New Skies Satellite

Uplink Facility

(Washington D.C., Europe,

Canada

Content Provider

(university or studio)

Partner Institutions

(Africa)

ClassroomClassroom


Trends in rural applications

Specialized expertise used to design applications in education, health care, administration, etc.

Widespread adoption of Internet platform and multimedia content

Presence of multiple actors: PTOs, Governments, NGOs, UN Agencies

Lack of telecom connectivity still #1 barrier in rural areas


FG7 Findings: Technologies


GSM 400 IMT-2000 Wireless routers Two-way satellite

Internet access

VHF radio PMP/Cordless WLL VSAT Digital satellite

radio

EMERGINGEXISTING

Wireless Access Technologies


Example: Point-to-Multipoint / PHS - Wireless Local Loop

NMS

Base Station (control part)

Radio Unit

Base Station (radio part)

TDMA 2.4 GHzPHS WLL 1.9 GHz

Remote Tower

Remote Tower

Remote Station Fixed Station

Source: Japan Radio Company, Ltd

Local Exchange with V5.2 interface

New Wireless Combinations


Gateway to PSTN

Wireless IP Phone Network

WAN link over rough terrain

Wireless IP-Based Networks at PSTN Edge


Solar Power

Wind Energy

Micro Hydro

Powering rural and remote telecom installations


Source: World Bank, Users' Guide to Off-Grid Energy Solutions.http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/energy/off_grid

Device Typical useper day

12 - 18Black and white TV 2 - 640 - 120Colour TV 2 - 620 - 40Video casette player 1 - 45 - 80Radio cassette player w/speakers 2 - 12

350 - 500Desktop computer and monitor 4 - 820 - 40Laptop computer 4 - 85 - 10Two-way radio (standby) 12

40 - 50Two-way radio (transmitting) 0.5 - 330 - 60Fax/answering machine continuous

(hours)

Typical powerconsumption

(watts)

Meeting small-scale rural power requirements


$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1000

EmailAppliance

DigitalSatelliteRadio

Cellular Phone

PC + monitor

Ret

ail

Pri

ces,

US

$Price Range for Low-End Multimedia Devices,

September 2000

HandheldComputer

Taking advantage of low-cost multimedia devices


The client/server model is the design paradigm of the World Wide Web.

Providing rural access to information through client/server computing


To install a pre-configured email appliance:

insert batteries plug in telephone

line turn on machine

To install PC-based email:

connect hard disk drive, monitor, keyboard and mouse

plug computer & monitor into 110/220 AC outlet

boot up the hard drive navigate the file

management system install email software configure dial-up access

number, modem rate, SMTP server, etc.

Lowering the technical skills barrier using information appliances


Source: Byte Magazine, www.byte.com

Shifting hardware and software maintenance to urban areas using thin

client networks


Modularity and scalability

Use of wireless technologies

Low frequency bands

Remote network management

Simple configuration & operation

16. Guidelines for rural ICT designers I

Guidelines for Rural ICTs


Accessible user interface

Long life cycle

Multi-user terminals

Standards compliance

Low power requirements

Guidelines for Rural ICTs (con’t.)


Barriers in Question

Coordination of Frequencies under 1GHz with regional and national authorities;

Concern about the high license fee for frequency spectrum;

International Charging Arrangements for Internet Services(ICAIS)


4. Focus Group Recommendations


1. Promote the development of low-cost information appliances for rural use.

2. Create a renewable energy handbook on small-scale power systems for rural ICTs.

3. Increase collaboration with microfinance organizations to develop communication-based rural businesses and applications.

4. Conduct pilot projects of packet-based wireless access infrastructure for multimedia applications.

5. Maintain and expand FG7 Web site.

6. Hold a symposium on new technologies for rural applications.

Focus Group 7 Recommendations


Conclusions

The goal of “Missing Link” report in 1985; “To bring telephone service within the easy reach of all humankind”

As the gap of “haves” and “have-nots” are closing, new gaps are widening The new goal of the ITU Secretary General “To bring internet services to all humankind within a decade in the new

millennium”


Conclusions-cont’d

1)Choice of technology for rural access is one of the key issues.

2)Linking suppliers and implementers on the web. By providing the comprehensive catalogue with contact information is useful

3) Shared use concept is useful for making ICT terminals and facilities at community centers available at affordable cost.

4)Wireless access system such as FWA, VSATs are effective means of establishing infrastructure in rural areas; less cost and easy installation over the wired system.



5)IP based network is more economical and flexible than circuit switched network. Emerging packet based wireless access technologies such as IMT-2000 and wireless routers, are being designed to deliver wide range of traffic types more efficiently than traditional wired and cellular telephony network.



6)Collaboration for promotion of rural projects among multi-actors such as PTO’s, Governments, UN Agencies, and NGOs etc. should be encouraged.

7) Participation of women and the youth for promotion of information access for rural community should be encouraged.

8) Visit to <www7.itu.int/itudfg7>

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