Slide 1

Shahid Sadoughi University Of Medical Sciences English Language Dep. Academic Writing Workshop By: Mahdi Aghabagheri In the Name of Beauty

Slide 2

Rudiments of Grammar Parts of Speech: word classes: forms Noun, n. Determiner, det. Pronoun, pron. Verb, v. Adjective, adj. Adverb, adv. Preposition, prep. Conjunction, conj. Interjection, interject.

Slide 3

Form and function analysis Form: noun out the sentence Function: -- in the sentence 1. Subject 2. Direct object 3. Indirect object 4. Object of preposition 5. Object complement 6. Subject complement 7. Appositive

Slide 4

The units of English language Phoneme Morpheme Derivational morphemes Im-+Possible prefix Converse+-ation suffix Assure Enlarge Beauty + -ful + -ly Hope + -less + -ness

Slide 5

Inflectional morphemes Noun: -s, -s Verb: -s, -ing, -ed, -en Adjective: -er, -est smaller vs. teacher

Slide 6

Word: Lexicons (lexical morphemes): noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition Functors (functional morphemes): particles, auxiliaries, determiners, pronouns, complementizers

Slide 7

Phrase Noun (nominal) ph: a pretty girl, Alis mother, a big garden Adjective (adjectival) ph: extremely hard, very good, incredibly tall Adverb (adverbial) ph: pretty well, very well, extremely hard Verb (verbal) ph: must have done, should have eaten Prepositional ph: in the class, out of the door

Slide 8

Infinitive ph: form: verb, function: noun To speak English is easy for me. It is easy for me to speak English.

Slide 9

Gerund ph: verb+-ing form: verb, function: noun Subject: Speaking English is easy for me. Object of verb: I like speaking English. Love, enjoy, hate, dislike, deny Object of preposition: I am interested in speaking English. I am afraid of speaking English. Complement: My interest is speaking English. I am speaking English.

Slide 10

Appositive ph: William Shakespeare, the greatest writer of England, wrote Macbeth.

Slide 11

Participial ph: Present Participle, Past Participle Verb+ -ing I am speaking English. part of the verb Interchange is an interesting book. adjective Regular: work worked, like liked Irregular : go gone, know known I have taught English for 11 years. present perfect I am interested in English.

Slide 12

Clause Independent or main Dependent or subordinate : Connector + independent cl.

Slide 13

Sentence Simple Compound Complex Compound-complex

Slide 14

Time vs. Tense Universal Grammar: Chomsky Past Present Future

Slide 15

Tenses in Persian

Slide 16

: : : : : : : : ( ) :

Slide 17

/ : : : : :

Slide 18

Tenses in English SimpleProgressivePerfect Progressive Pastsimple past past progressive past perfect past perfect progressive Present simple present present progressive present perfect present perfect progressive Futuresimple futurefuture progressive future perfectfuture perfect progressive

Slide 19

Past 1. simple past: liked, went 2. past progressive: was/were going 3. past perfect: had gone 4. past perfect progressive: had been going

Slide 20

Present 1. simple present: go, goes 2. present progressive: am, is, are going 3. present perfect: has/have gone 4. present perfect progressive: has/have been going

Slide 21

Future 1. simple future: will go 2. intentional future: am, is, are going to do 3. future progressive: will be going am, is, are going to be working 4. future perfect: will have gone 5. future perfect progressive: will have been going

Slide 22

Exercise . . . . 1 2 .

Slide 23

Sentences in English Subject + predicate Noun, pronoun + 1. verb + 2. verb + complement 1. The sun rises. 2. My father gave some money to my sister. 3. My father gave my sister some money. 4. Tom goes to university. 5. They elected him president. 6. He is a teacher.

Slide 24

Compound sentence Independent clause + connector + independent clause 1. Coordinate conjunctions: FAN BOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so 2. Correlative or paired conjunctions: Neither nor Either or Both and Not only but also Whether or

Slide 25

3. Conjunctive adverbs: However, though, nevertheless, therefore, moreover, accordingly, meanwhile 4. Compound conjunctions: in the meantime, in fact, on the contrary, on the other hand, as a result

Slide 26

Complex sentence Independent cl. + connector + Independent cl. Nominal subordinate conjunctions N. cl. Adjectival subordinate conjunctions Adj. cl. Adverbial subordinate conjunctions Adv. cl.

Slide 27

Noun Clause 1. Subject: What he writes is interesting. 2. Direct object: I know (that) he writes well. (reduced noun cl.) 3. Indirect object: The club will give whoever wins a prize. 4. Object of preposition: I am interested in what he writes.

Slide 28

5. Subject complement: The fact is that he writes well. 6. Adjective complement: I am happy that he writes well.

Slide 29

Relative Clause Shakespeare who was the greatest writer of England wrote Macbeth. Restrictive relative cl. Alexander, who was an ambitious general, killed many innocent persons. Nonrestrictive relative cl. Chomsky who believes in cognitive psychology criticized behaviorism. Reduced relative cl.

Slide 30

Adverbial Clause Time after, before, since, when, while, whenever, as, as soon as, once, until, as/so long as, by the time (that), now that Manner as if, as though Condition if, unless, even if, only if, in case (that), whether or not, in the event (that), provided (that), providing (that) Cause because, since, as Effect so (that), in order (that) Contrast although, while, though, even though, whereas Comparison than, as

Slide 31

Compound-Complex Sentence I am an English teacher who likes English very much, but my friend is a French teacher liking French too much.

Slide 32

THANKS FOR ATTENTION