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Shakespeare’s Life1564-1616
The man behindthe legend
ENGLAND
London
Boyhood in Stratford-Upon-Avon
Born April 23, 1564 in Stratford-Upon-Avon
Parents John and Mary Arden Shakespeare
Seven brothers and sisters Grammar School from age 7 to 13
Stratford-Upon-Avon
William Shakespeare’s Home
Marriage and Life in London 1582 at age 18 married Anne
Hathaway 1583-1592 ??? 1592 (28 years old) went to
London actor and playwright first accused of borrowing from
other playwrights 1592-1594 Plague
Shakespeare Prospers
1598 built Globe Theatre Owned shares in it
Father granted a coat-of-arms Gentlemen
Recognized as a genius in his own time
Honored as Actor and Playwright Queen Elizabeth dies in 1603 King James I takes the throne
Shakespeare’s Theatre company becomes the King’s Company
Member of famous writer’s group (Mermaid Tavern)
Death and Burial at Stratford 1610 retired from theatre
1613 Globe theatre burns down lost much money but still wealthy helps rebuild Globe theatre
Dies on April 23, 1616 at age 52
Shakespeare’s Grave
Did Shakespeare really write his plays? Many believe it is impossible for
Shakespeare to have written his plays Lacks heights and depths of
passion could not learn aristocratic sports
and manners lacked schooling
Secrets of the Sonnets
154 Sonnets, 60 songs Love, broken trust of friend,
loss of love, forgiveness friend, dark lady, rival poet
Shakespeare’s Four Periods First Period- Apprenticeship (Age 26-30) Second Period- Mastered his art!
Favorite “Romantic Comedy” Third Period- Problem of Evil in the World Forth Period- Creates a new drama form
“Tragicomedy” or the dramatic romance
Shakespeare as an Elizabethan
Queen Elizabeth reigned (1558-1603) Emerging from the Middle Ages into the
Renaissance Age was extravagant and brutal
elaborate, ornate clothing, language and manners
language was growing fast middle class (stern, moral, and
independent)
Elizabeth I Symbolizes the Age
Queen Elizabeth Glory of England To people, she represented beauty and
greatness one of the most powerful countries in
the world
Queen Elizabeth1558-1603
Drama in the Elizabethan Age After defeating the Spanish Armada,
England became intensely interested in the past. (Patriotic) Historical plays thrived.
Playwrights were practical men, bent on making a living
Plays were written to be acted, not read. Once a playwright sold his manuscript,
he had no personal right to it.
Shakespeare’s Plots and Characters First reading =quick Second reading=more leisurely Plots=romantic, poetic, farfetched,
imaginative, supernatural Characters=realistic, alive, three
dimensional, powerful and eternally true
The Elizabethian Theater Round, wooden, roofless building Three galleries of seats Pit (no seats) cost a penny “groundlings” Main stage
40 feet wide 27 feet projection into the pit
Recessed inner stage (curtains and balcony) Music Room Heaven and a Hell
The Stage Influences on Shakespeare’s Methods Open, free stage=quick changes, rapid action Encourages speechmaking, passionate
soliloquies No women actors Only day time light= speeches about time,
season and weather (Macbeth=40 such speeches
Closeness of different classes
Shakespeare as a Dramatist
Objective of Plays= give pleasure Fanciful, imaginative plays Audience= everyday people, uneducated,
wanted to escape Wrote in verse=free use of words
His Poetic Greatness
Most quoted writer in the world diversity of speech from common
men to philosophers Examples of his Poetry
Critics Rank the Plays Tragedies-Hamlet, Macbeth, King
Lear, Othello Comedies- The Tempest, As You
Like It, The Winter’s Tale, The Merchants of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Histories- Henry IV, Henry V, Richard II, Richard III, Henry VIII
Test of Greatness
A great play is one that affects the audience deeply.
Reasons for his Popularity
The Great Shakespeare Collections Folger Shakespeare Library in
Washington D.C. Henry E. Huntington Library and
Art Gallery in San Marino, California
British Museum in London,England Bodleian Library in Oxford,
England
To beor
not to be?
What’s the question
To be or not to be?
That is the question!
Wait a second!!!
What’s going on Be quiet Will!
To my own self be true
And it must follow as the night and the day.
Then thou canst not be false to any man
Web cites for pictures and additional information on William Shakespeare
http://daphe.palomar.edu/ shakespeare/timeline/genealogy. htm
http://www.shakespeare.com/link. Htm www.stratford.co.uk/birthplace/ www.rdg.ac.uk/globe/Data-Base/
Images/NewGlobe.htm www.legends.dm.net/shakespeare/
macbeth.htm/ www.britishliterature.com
Tragedy A serious play or drama typically
dealing with the problems of a central character, leading to an unhappy or disastrous ending brought on, as in ancient drama, by a fate and a tragic flaw in this character, or in modern drama, usually by moral weakness, psychological maladjustment or social pressures.
Tragic Hero
A person of high rank who is brought to eventual ruin by a flaw in his/her character.
Example: Macbeth’s tragic flaw is his ambition which leads him into a series of bloody and increasingly indefensible acts.
Comedy A drama or narrative with a happy ending
or non-tragic theme. Comedy of manners- depicts and
satirizes the manners and customs of fashionable society.
High comedy- appeals to and reflects the life and problems of the upper social classes, characterized by a witty, sardonic treatment.
Low comedy- farce, slap stick,burlesque, horse play
Catharsis
The purging or purifying of the emotions or relieving of emotional tension, especially by art. (This concept was applied originally by Aristotle to the effects of tragic drama on the audience.)
Conflict
The struggle or interplay of forces, that takes place within the story.
The main character may be in conflict with another person, value system, fate or with nature.
Plot The sequence of events that create and then resolve a conflict.
Plot movement:
Beginning of story
Rising action
Climax (peak tension) or Crisis (dramatic turning point)
Falling action (fall of tragic hero)
Resolution or Denouncement (Point at which conflict ends and outcome is made clear)
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