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www.dmp.wa.gov.au Petroleum Division Government of Western Australia Department of Mines and Petroleum SHALE GAS POTENTIAL AUGUST 2013 Three of the five potentially prospective Perth Basin shales, the Kockatea and Carynginia Formations and the Irwin River Coal Measures, were classified as high-quality source rocks based on geochemical, lithological and reservoir properties. The best potential seal in the Perth Basin is the Kockatea Shale, partly because it is a true shale in places, with very little silt or sand, and partly because, unlike all other potential seals, it is a thick, fairly monotonous unit that overlies the basal sands. It consists of dark shale, micaceous siltstone, and minor sandstone and limestone. The Kockatea Shale overlies the Permain Carynginia Formation and is conformably overlain by the Woodada Formation. The Carynginia Formation extends throughout the subsurface of much of the northern Perth Basin and consists of black to grey, micaceous, jarositic shale and siltstone with lesser inter-bedded sandstone and conglomerate. The basal marine shales and claystones of the Carynginia Formation have moderately good source potential. The third shale layer, the Irwin River Coal Measures (IRCM) lies conformably between ‘paralic’ strata of the High Cliff Sandstone (below), and marine siltstones of the Carynginia Formation (above). The formation consists of a mixed succession of sandstone, siltstone, carbonaceous shale and coal. It is about 66 m thick in the type section but reaches 288 m in the subsurface west of the Urella Fault. The main source rock interval is 20 to 150 m thick and between 1000 m and 5000 m in depth. Western Australia (WA) has the potential to be one of the first states with commercially viable shale oil/gas production in Australia. Recently estimated volumes in the Canning and Perth Basins of WA are estimated at 1227 and 221 Tcf of risked shale gas respectively. Shale Gas/Oil Potential in Western Australia The Canning Basin shows potential for vast shale and tight gas resources in Paleozoic marine shales that correlate both in lithology and in geochemical characteristics with numerous US plays (e.g. the Bakken, Barnett, and Marcellus Formations). An assessment of the potential shale gas resource in the Canning Basin was carried out using all currently available data and a combined modelling approach (U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Petroleum Resources Management System (PMRS). Shales in the basin source conventional accumulations of oil and gas, including those at Ungani, Valhalla, Blina, etc., but no attempt has yet been made to produce oil and gas directly from them. Results include high-grading of two of the ten potentially prospective Canning Basin shales, the Goldwyer and Laurel Formations, as high-quality source rocks based on geochemical, lithological and reservoir properties, and estimation of GIIP for each (the third independent assessment of Canning Basin shale gas volumes). Canning Basin Perth Basin COMPARISON OF VOLUME ESTIMATES FOR CANNING BASIN SHALE GAS Goldwyer Formation Laurel Formation Triche and Bahar ACOLA 2013 EIA 2011 EIA 2013 Triche and Bahar ALCOLA 2013 Deterministic Probabilistic Deterministic Probabilistic GIIP (Tcf) 783.9 867.4 2580 2547 2547 194 271.5 420 Recoverable Resource 117.6 130.1 387 374.4 382 29 40.7 63 Risked GIIP(50%) 392.0 433.7 1290 1248 1227 97 136 210 Risked GIIP (30%) 235.2 260.2 774 748.7 764 58 81.5 126 RRR (30% RF, ReF 15 %) 35.3 39.0 116.1 1123 115 8.7 122 18.9 RRR (30% RF, 20% ReF) 47.0 52.0 154.8 149.7 153 11.6 16.3 25.2 RRR (30% RF, 30% ReF) 70.6 78.1 232.2 224.6 229 17.4 24.5 37.8 COMPARISON OF VOLUME ESTIMATES FOR PERTH BASIN SHALE GAS Kockatea FM Carynginia FM Irwin River CM Bahar et al EIA 2013 ACOLA 2013 Bahar et al EIA 2013 ACOLA 2013 Bahar et al GIIP (Tcf) 36 44 100 101 124 98 86 Recoverable Resource 5.4 8 30 15 25 29 13 Risked GIIP(50%) 18 22 50 50.5 62 49 43 Risked GIIP (30%) 10.8 13.2 30 30.3 37.2 29.4 25.8 RRR(30%RF,ReF15 %) 1.6 2 4.5 4.6 5.6 4.4 3.9 RRR(30%RF,20%ReF) 2.16 2.6 6 6.1 7.4 5.9 5.2 RRR(30% RF,30%ReF) 3.24 4 9 9.1 11.2 8.8 7.7 ARROWSMITH 2 SEAL PERIOD CRETAC- EOUS Early EPOCH JURASSIC Late Middle Early Late Middle TRIASSIC E Late Early PERMIAN MAIN SOURCE ROCKS oil gas HYDROCARBONS ? ? Warro Dandaragan Ocean Hill Gingin, Walyering North Yardanogo Erregulla Mt Horner Dongara Wye Mt Horner Erregulla N. Erregulla Dongara Erregulla Mt Bridge STRATIGRAPHY Carnac Fm Otorowiri Fm Parmelia Group Yarragadee Formation Cadda Formation Cattamarra Coal Measures Eneabba Formation Lesueur Sandstone Woodada Formation Dongara Beekeeper Sandstone Formation Holmwood Shale RESERVOIR regional local Mt Horner ? Dongara, Hovea Yardarino, Beharra Sps, Mondarra, Woodada, Beharra Sp. North Mt Horner, Cliff Head Dongara, Elegans Carynginia Formation High Cliff Sandstone Nangetty Formation Gas well Oil well Oil show N. Erregulla Wicherina Ss. Mbr Gas show, abandoned Oil and gas show, abandoned Kockatea Shale Bookara Ss. Mbr Irwin River Coal Measures basement (undifferentiated) Oil and gas well AJM530 12.07.04 Arranoo Ss. Mbr CANNING BASIN POTENTIAL SHALE LAYERS Lower Laurel Formation maturity map Goldwyer Formatoin maturity map ? ? ? Breakup Unconformity Jurassic–Cretaceous extensional events offshore Fitzroy Transpression major offshore subsidence Meda Tran- spression extensional movements Price Creek Movement Samphire Marsh Movement Alice Springs Orogeny Petaluma 1, Aristida 1A, Sundown 1 Sundown oilfield, West Terrace oilfield, Boundary 1 Lloyd oilfield, West Kora 1 Point Torment 1 Yulleroo 1,2 Valhalla 1,2 St Georges Range 1 Blina oilfield Chestnut 1 Blina oilfield Logue 1, Dampiera 1A, Mt Wynne 1,3, Goodenia 1, Eremophila 1,2, Crab Creek 1, Leo 1, Willara 1, Crimson Lake 1 Goodenia 1, Fitzroy River 1 Frome Rocks 2, Babrongan 1, Eremophila 1, Aristida 1A, Dampiera 1A, Janpam North 1, Boronia 1, Wattle 1 Mirbelia 1 Pictor 1,2 Dodonea 1,2 Edgar Range 1 Looma 1 Canopus 1 Matches Springs 1 Lovell's Pocket 1, Looma 1, Canopus 1 Dodonea 1 Acacia 2 Crystal Creek 1 Lovell's Pocket 1 Looma 1 Acacia 1 Petaluma 1 Fitzroy River 1 Kora 1 Meda 1, Terrace 1, East Yeeda 1, Ellendale 1 Pictor East 1 Ungani 1 Fm. Formation Group Gp Oil and gas show Oil show Gas show Oil well or field Gas well Sandstone Ss. Visean Tournaisian Framennian Frasnian Middle Lower Llandovery Upper Middle Lower Wenlock Ludlow Pridoli Mississippian Upper Carboniferous Cambrian ? ? 359 416 444 488 Devonian Silurian Ordovician Tandalgoo Fm. Worral Fm. Carranya Fm. Prices Creek Gp Nita Fm. Mallowa Salt Carribuddy Group Reef Complex Fairfield Group Southwest Northeast 252 65 145 200 Stratigraphy Upper Lower Upper Middle Lower Upper Middle Lower Lopingian Guadalupian Cisuralian Pennsylvanian Serpukhovian Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic Permian Reeves Fm. Grant Group Poole Sandstone Lightjack Fm. Blina Sh. Erskine SS. Broome Sandstone Epoch Ma Period 299 Bejah Claystone Anketell Fm. Samuel Fm. Frezier Ss. Parda Fm. Melligo Ss. Cronin Fms. Callawa/ Alexander Fm. Wallal Ss. Barbwire Ss. Blina Shale Millyit Ss. Liveringa Gp. Noonkanbah Fm. Anderson Fm. Yellow Drum Fm. Gumhole Fm. Mellinjerie Fm. Clapp Ridge Fm. Sahara Fm. Nibil Fm. Minjoo Salt Bongabinni Fm. Goldwyer Fm. Willara Fm. Fm. Wilson Cliffs Lampe and Lake George Fms Precambrian Laurel Fm. Jarlema Fm. Tectonic events Source Reservoir Seal Selected hydrocarbon occurrences Sandstone Shale Mixed siliciclastic and coal Carbonate Carbonate–shale, marl Evaporite Basement Sandstone Shale Conglomerate Diamictite Dominant lithology Secondary lithology Legend AJM881 Nambeet Ss. ? Cross-section through the northern Perth Basin showing typical shale layers SW NE Cross-section through the northern Canning Basin showing typical well penetrations, estimated thicknesses of major depositional intervals and shale of interest PERTH BASIN POTENTIAL SHALE LAYERS Carynginia Formation maturity map Kockatea Formation maturity map
