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Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

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Keynote communication of Mark Holderness (GFAR) to IAALD2010 Congress, Montpellier, France, 26-29 April 2010
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Shaping Tomorrow’s Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today Agriculture Today Mark Holderness, Ajit Maru & Valeria Pesce The Global Forum on Agricultural Research
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Page 1: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Shaping Tomorrow’s Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture TodayAgriculture Today

Mark Holderness, Ajit Maru & Valeria Pesce

The Global Forum on Agricultural Research

Page 2: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

The Global Forum is:The Global Forum is:

A Global Advocate for agricultural research to meet the future needs of humanity

The Key Global Link between agricultural science and society

A Voice for the disadvantaged

A Partnership for change

A Catalyst for action

An Open and Inclusive Platform for sharing and learning

Page 3: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

GFAR - We Are YouGFAR - We Are You

Farmers – putting poor rural communities at the centre of research

Civil Society – a voice for the needs of the disadvantaged, bridging local and scientific innovation

National Agricultural Research & Extension – capable, relevant and integrated systems meeting the needs of the poor

Private Sector – effective, responsible input delivery & output markets

International Research Centers – driven by national development needs

Fundamental Research Institutions – ‘upstream’ research driven by development objectives

Donor organizations – fulfilling development aims through explicitly demand-driven policies and processes

Page 4: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Global Forum: Priorities for ActionGlobal Forum: Priorities for Action

Advocacy for change: Strengthen the voice and demand of society for innovative agricultural research around key development issues

Institutions for the Future: Transform agricultural research, extension and education institutions to meet our future needs

Inter-regional learning: New partnerships catalysing rapid and efficient change around the world

Putting knowledge to use: Empower change by overcoming the barriers to knowledge flow

Page 5: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

The GCARD - Transforming AR4D: The GCARD - Transforming AR4D: Business as usual is not an option...Business as usual is not an option...

Populations are growing fastFood demands are changingClimates are changingLand use is changingWater resources are diminishingSoil resources are erodingUrbanization is advancingFarming populations are getting older

The poor are increasingly marginalized

Page 6: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Towards an ‘evergreen’ revolutionTowards an ‘evergreen’ revolution

How can we increase agricultural productivity and farmer incomes while:

Ensuring the poor benefit and societal needs are met

Sustainably managing environmental resources

And what kind of institutions do we need to meet these challenges?

Page 7: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

But...

• Why isn’t past research better benefiting the poor?

• Why have many apparently effective technologies not been adopted?

• Why has society been losing confidence in agricultural science?

• Why are research and extension institutions not effectively connected with those they are intended to benefit?

The generation and application of knowledge is critical to meeting the huge global challenges facing agriculture

Agriculture: a knowledge-based industryAgriculture: a knowledge-based industry

Page 8: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Developing countries must have access Developing countries must have access to external informationto external information

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

USA Belgium China Malaysia Uganda

Researchers per million people

Page 9: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Clickstream data: how scientific literature is accessed and connected, from users’ downloading and browsing behaviour (PLoS ONE, 2009)

Current science: social Current science: social science linkagesscience linkages

Page 10: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

All knowledgeAll knowledgehas valuehas value

Scientific knowledge is reductionist, trusted & validated by its method

Local knowledge is holistic, trusted & validated by experience & culture

Need to link & reconcile these knowledge & trust bases

Sustainable development must value & capitalize on both

P.

Van

Mel

e

Page 11: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Empowered by Knowledge

Society is full of natural

innovators...Constrained by resources & risk-aware

Page 12: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Knowledge is not static, derives from actions & interactionsKnowledge is not static, derives from actions & interactions

The nature of innovationThe nature of innovation

Information is passive, becomes knowledge through useInformation is passive, becomes knowledge through use

Innovation and change derives from the interaction and Innovation and change derives from the interaction and knowledge of multiple actors within a contextknowledge of multiple actors within a context

J.Vos

Page 13: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

What stops information becoming What stops information becoming innovationinnovation??

Control Awareness Media Accessibility Reductionism/complexity

Intelligibility & format Relevance Institutional barriers Belief systems Attitudes to change

E. B

oa

Page 14: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Knowledge Flow

Policy

Processes & Networks

Markets

GCARD: GCARD: agricultural agricultural research centred research centred on meeting on meeting development development needs of the poorneeds of the poor

Page 15: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Community innovation

loops

External information

pool

Scientific innovation

loops

Innovation

Learning

Sharing/

feedback

New external knowledge

Established information

Transformation

Community innovation

brokers

Local knowledge

base

Belief

Test under own

conditions

Result

Adoption

Share

Accessibility

Distillation

Mass media

Connecting science Connecting science & society& society

Institutional learning

Transformation

Page 16: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Accessing & Sharing

Transforming Information

Organizing collective actions

Catalysing enterprise

The role of the The role of the Innovation brokersInnovation brokersThe role of the The role of the Innovation brokersInnovation brokers

J.Vos

E. Boa

P. VanMele

Page 17: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Innovation pathways

Enabling environment & inputs

Desired development

outcome

GCARD: Knowledge is essential for development, GCARD: Knowledge is essential for development, but development requires more than knowledgebut development requires more than knowledge

Policies promoting

agriculturaldevelopment & innovation

Page 18: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Knowledge for allKnowledge for all

Overcome communication and trust barriers between science & society

ICM to integrate scientific and local innovation

Transform knowledge, change lives

Local innovation

Scientific innovation

External information

Empower change through knowledge

Page 19: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Breaking down the wallsBreaking down the walls

Community-centred, not technology-centred thinking

Innovative knowledge access & transformation systems

Stakeholders learning & innovating together, managing benefits & risks

Institutional reorientation & changed attitudes/values

Convergence of R&D, education and business policies and resources

joed

ale.

type

pad

Page 20: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Knowledge for All – Advocacy for...Knowledge for All – Advocacy for...

Investment in ICM as integral to research & extension

Recognition of ICM as an AR4D discipline

Restructuring institutions & promoting knowledge flow

Building institutional & inter-disciplinary connections

Integrating diverse forms of information, reflecting the needs of poor farmers

Page 21: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Knowledge for All - CapacitiesKnowledge for All - Capacities

Build on tools and technologies readily available to the poorest

Re-purpose data via ICTs to inform and empower smallholder farmers in their decisions

Cell phones/100 people

2003 2009

Developing 18 55 Developed 56 114 Internet/100 people Developing 5 18 Developed 40 65 Mobile broadband/100 Developing 3 Developed 39 Source ITU, 2010

Page 22: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Knowledge for All - AccessKnowledge for All - Access

Improve the coherence and integration of diverse information

Make information objects: text, pictures, datasets, models, video, radio etc. reusable and customizable for new purposes and contexts

‘Blended’ learning tools

CIARD – launch of a key step forwards http://www.ciard.net

0

200

400

600

800

1000

N'papers Radios TV Internet

Information access (per 1000 people)

Europe Low incomeITU, 2004

Page 23: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today
Page 24: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Knowledge for All - GovernanceKnowledge for All - Governance

Whose information is it? Accessibility and IP Capacities

How relevant is it for specific development needs? Women farmers, the poorest farmers...

Sharing knowledge – EGFAR, RSS feeds, blogs, policy papers

Develop national and regional agricultural information & learning systems

CIARD RING – mapping available information resources

Page 25: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today
Page 26: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Over to You...Over to You...

You have the tools to transform people’s lives through knowledge

Your actions are crucial You have the power to break down the

walls and barriers in agricultural research and extension and their institutions

Your Global Forum provides the mechanism and the opportunity...

Use it to change the world...

Page 27: Shaping Tomorrow’s Agriculture Today

Thank YouThank You

www.egfar.orgwww.egfar.org


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