Poster ID
Department Name of
Presenting Author
Designation Abstract Title Authors
MSc-4 Physiology Anchal Singh
MSc. Student
Graded distal supra-systolic occlusion
differentially modulates the flow velocity and shear components in
radial artery
Singh Anchal, Chandran S Dinu,
Jaryal K Ashok, Joshi Deepak, Deepak KK
MSc-6 Physiology Manorma
Saini MSc.
Student
Cortical sources of verbal “OM” chanting: A qEEG
study
Saini Manorma, Samanchi Rupesh,
Muthukrishnan Prakash Suriya, Kaur
Simran,Sharma Ratna, Tayade Prashant
MSc-25 Physiology Kanishka MSc.
Student
Shortening of EEG microstates of
perceptual reversals of emotional stimuli in schizophrenia during
binocular rivalry
Kanishka, Suriya Prakash
Muthukrishnan, Angel Anna Zacharia, Rupesh
Samanchi, Sunaina Soni, Navdeep Ahuja,
Prashant Tayade, Simran Kaur, Mamta Sood, Ratna Sharma
MSc-32 Physiology Ankit Gurjar
MSc. Student
Cortical processing of visuospatial complex Hindi words: A QEEG
study
Ankit, Samanchi Rupesh, Kaur Simran, Muthukrishnan Suriya
Prakash, Sharma Ratna, Prashant
Tayade
MSc-24 Physiology
Dr Garima Sharma
MSc. Student
Effect of rTMS therapy on pain status, thermal sensitivity in Myofacial
Pain Dysfunction syndrome
Sharma G, Arya S, Gupta S, Bhatia R
MSc-4
Graded distal supra-systolic occlusion differentially modulates the flow velocity and
shear components in radial artery
Authors: Singh Anchal1, Chandran S Dinu2, Jaryal K Ashok3, Joshi Deepak4, Deepak KK5
1 M.Sc. student,
2 Assistant Professor,
3 Professor,
4 Assistant Professor,
5 Professor and Head
Department of Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi
Centre for biomedical Engineering IIT- Delhi
Presenting Author: Anchal Singh
Email: [email protected]
Corresponding Author: Dinu S Chandran
Email: [email protected]
Introduction: Supra-systolic occlusion of radial artery at different occlusion pressures are
being used to induce low flow mediated constriction (LFMC) for assessment of resting
endothelial function. Occlusion induced reduction in anterograde shear rate has been
considered to be the stimulus responsible for LFMC response. We hypothesised that
occlusion induced alteration in the luminal shear rate will differ according to the grade of
supra-systolic occlusion imposed.
Aims & Objectives: Aim of the study was to examine the effect of graded supra-systolic
occlusion on flow velocity and shear profile in radial artery. The objective was to record the
changes in anterograde, retrograde flow velocities and shear rates along with oscillatory shear
index (OSI) in response tograded supra-systolic occlusion.
Materials and methods: We examined 19 healthy volunteers (27±3 yrs) who reported to the
laboratory after an overnight fast. Subjects quietly rested in the supine position for 20 min
following which blood pressure of the subject was measured using sphygmomanometry.
Radial artery was imaged in upper forearm using a high frequency (10 MHz) linear array
probe to simultaneously acquire blood flow velocities and diameters in duplex mode. After
baseline recording of 1 minute, the pneumatic occlusion cuff applied to distal forearm was
inflated to three different grades of pressures 25, 50 and 100 mmHg above the systolic blood
pressure of the subject for 5 min in a sequential manner to induce LFMC of radial artery.The
order of application of pressure was randomised across subjects and an interval of 30 minutes
was observed between application of each occlusion pressure in every subject. Radial artery
blood flow velocities and diameters were acquired during the phase of occlusion and a repeat
baseline recording was performed before application of occlusion at a different grade of
pressure.Shear rates and OSI were calculated using standard formula reported in the
literature.
Results: Cuff inflation resulted in significant decrease in anterograde flow velocities and
shear rate and a significant increase in retrograde flow velocities and shear rate at all grades
of occlusion in comparison to respective baseline values. % reduction in anterograde shear
rate was significantly higher at 100 mmHg occlusion in comparison to 25 mmHg (28.78 ±
23.02 vs 12.90 ± 20.39; p < 0.05) The change in retrograde shear rate from baseline peaked at
25 mmHg occlusion (-29.313 ± 12.705) and showed a statistically significant stepwise
decrement at higher grades of occlusion (-20.997 ± 6.491 at 50 mmHg and -16.139 ± 5.360 at
100 mmHg; p<0.05 for all comparisons). Occlusion resulted in a significant rise in OSI over
baseline at all grades of occlusion. Delta change in OSI followed a similar pattern as that of
retrograde shear.
Conclusion: Besides producing reduction in anterograde flow and shear, graded
suprasystolic occlusion also induces a rise in retrograde shear rate and OSI which appear to
vary inversely with increasing grades of occlusion pressure. Therefore, quantification of
resting endothelial function by LFMC may be influenced by the grade of distal suprasystolic
occlusion pressure applied to induce the low flow state.
MSc-6
Cortical sources of verbal “OM” chanting: A qEEG study
Saini Manorma1, Samanchi Rupesh1, Muthukrishnan Prakash Suriya1, Kaur Simran1,Sharma Ratna1,
Tayade Prashant1
1Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Presenting Author:
Name- Manorma Saini
Email- [email protected]
Corresponding Author:
Name- Prashant Tayade
Email- [email protected]
Background: Meditation is a process of self- regulating the mind and body. “OM” mantra is the most
widely used meditation practice in India.It has been reported in the literature that the effects of
meditation in different types of sessions of “OM” chanting like mental repetition of “OM” or a
neutral word “ONE”, listening to sound “OM”, meaningful word like “AAM” or non-meaningful word
“TOM”, produces different effects in both naïve subjects and experienced meditators. Though,
reports have been published pertaining to relaxation effect and the cortical areas activated/
deactivated during “OM” chanting using fMRI and PET scan but no study has reported using qEEG. As
qEEG provides high spatial and temporal resolution, there is a need to know the cortical sourcesof
verbal “OM” chanting assessed by qEEG.
Objectives: To study and compare the pre and post effect of verbal “OM” chanting on cortical
sources as assessed by qEEG.
Methods: A paradigm was designed using E- prime for verbal chanting of “OM” and administered in
20 healthy male subjects with a mean age of 27.5 ± 7.5 yrs. EEG was recorded using a 128-channel
geodesic sensor net. Before analysis, the data was pre-processed in which EEG signals were band-
pass filtered in 1-70 Hz and with notch filter of 50 Hz. Then eyes closed pre and post verbal to “OM”
chanting 20 seconds data was segmented followed by the artifact detection and bad channel
replacement. After pre- processing, independent component analysis was performed followed by
the source analysis using sLORETA.
Results: The post-verbal “OM” chanting when compared with the pre- verbal “OM” chanting showed
significant activation (at threshold= 0.163 and p= 0.04) in the following areas- inferior frontal gyrus,
inferior occipital gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, insula, lingual gyrus, cuneus, extranuclear, fusiform
gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, middle
temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, sub- gyral, superior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus,
superior temporal gyrus, uncus, angular gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, superior parietal lobule,
inferior parietal lobule, paracentral lobule, postcentral gyrus, post cingulate gyrus, precentral gyrus,
precuneus, superior occipital gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus and cingulate
gyrus.
Conclusion:Post-verbal “OM” chanting showed activation in the corticalareas which are involved in
resting state networks (RSNs).These resting state networks include frontoparietal control network
(FPCN), dorsal attentional network (DAN), ventral attentional network (VAN) and default model
network (DMN). Whereas, FPCN activation reflects the flexible switching between the DAN
(sustained attention), VAN (attention re-allocation) and DMN (mind wandering).
Keywords: qEEG, Source analysis, sLORETA, RSNs, FPCN, DAN, VAN, DMN
MSc-25
Shortening of EEG microstates of perceptual reversals of emotional stimuli in
schizophrenia during binocular rivalry
Kanishka1, Suriya Prakash Muthukrishnan
1, Angel Anna Zacharia
1, Rupesh Samanchi
1,
Sunaina Soni1, Navdeep Ahuja
1, Prashant Tayade
1, Simran Kaur
1, Mamta Sood
2, Ratna
Sharma1
1Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, AIIMS, New
Delhi
2Professor, Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS, New Delhi
Email ID of presenting author: [email protected] (M.Sc. Student)
Corresponding author: Dr Ratna Sharma, Professor, Department of Physiology, AIIMS, New
Delhi.
Background:Emotional deficits have been reported in patients with Schizophrenia. These
deficits may also be present in the form of negativity bias, though the neural mechanisms
allowing such alternations of perception in schizophrenia remains unexplored. Binocular
Rivalry can be used as a tool to study the neural mechanisms in terms of microstates during
perceptual reversals in schizophrenia. The study of microstates using this paradigm may help
understand if any particular microstate preferentially results in perceptual reversals of a
specific valance. The reduced or increased occurrence of microstates may be associated with
schizophrenia and its prodromal symptoms.
Objectives: The present study investigates the EEG microstates of perceptual reversals of
emotional stimuli during binocular rivalry in schizophrenia.
Material and Methods: Twenty right handed patients with Schizophrenia (mean age =31.5
yrs) performed an intermittent binocular rivalry paradigm designed using emotional and
neutral pictures by International Affective Picture System. The paradigm consisted of
presentation of three types of trials i.e., positive vs neutral, negative vs neutral and negative
vs positive pictures. Predominance ratio was calculated for each percept (750 trials per
subject). Microstate analysis was done in cartool software. EEG segments during 100msec
before response during binocular rivalry task was extracted. Two template maps were chosen
based on their high global explained variance which were fitted onto the EEG data of 20
subjects. Analysis was done for approximately 750 trials for each of the 20 patients. Further
the comparison of microstate map parameters was done for the two kinds of groups i.e., high
and low Perceptual reversals(PR) groups which were found during behavioral analysis after
the k-means clustering. Group differences for microstate parameters were assessed using K-S
normality test. In case of significant results, post-hoc pairwise comparisons between groups
were conducted using Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS
version 20.0.
Result:Out of the two microstates obtained during perceptual reversals, mean duration of
map 1 was significantly lower in patients with high rates of perceptual reversals in negative
vs neutral condition and in positive vs neutral category. Global explained variance for map 2
was higher in high PR group in positive vs negative category.
Conclusion: In schizophrenia patients with high perceptual reversals, shortening of
microstates during perceptual reversals could be associated with disruption of the neural
network activities that underlie this specific microstate leading to premature termination of
specific microstates. The shortening of the microstates in different stimulus conditions
suggests that valence has an effect on the microstate topography. Specific microstate
variables in patients with schizophrenia could be used as a marker for negativity bias in these
patients.
Key Words: Schizophrenia, Binocular rivalry, Valence, Microstates
Total Word count:441
MSc-32
Title: Cortical processing of visuospatial complex Hindi words: A QEEG study
Ankit1,
SamanchiRupesh2,KaurSimran
3, Muthukrishnan SuriyaPrakash
4,SharmaRatna
5,
Prashant Tayade6*
Affiliation: Stress and Cognition Electroimaging Lab (SCEL), Department of Physiology, All
India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Presenting author:Ankit
Email address:[email protected]
Corresponding Author: - Dr Prashant Tayade
Email address:[email protected]
Abstract Background: Hindi language which is the most commonly used language in Indian
subcontinent follows alphasyllabary writing system. It has visuospatial complex
featuresthatincreases neurocognitive load on the brain cortical areas, explored using fMRI.No
literature is available reporting cortical sources of visuospatial complexity of Hindi language
using QEEG in a healthy control. This becomes imperative as this visuospatial complexity is
known to be affected in dyslexic children in Hindi language.
Objectives: To study the cortical sources activated during presentation of visuospatially
complexwords versus visuospatially simple words with meaning in Hindi language using
QEEG.
Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers (23.7 ± 3.1 yrs.) were presented with 30 complex
words(with vowels diacritics and ligature consonants) and 30 simple Hindi words in a
visuospatial complex task. Continuous 128 channel EEG data was recorded, preprocessed
and segmented into 1 second epoch from stimulus onset. Source localization was performed
using sLORETA. The activity of neural sources involved in processing of complex and
simple Hindi words were compared statistically using non-parametric mapping.
Results: The estimation of sLORETA inverse solution showed significant (p = 0.05; t
=1.169) left lateralized activation of middle and inferior frontal gyrus (BA 11,47) and
superior temporal gyrus (BA 38) during the presentation of complex word compared to
simple words.
Conclusion:The cortical activation pattern was specific to the complexity of the word leading
to activation of middle and inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. Left middle
frontal gyrus is involved in spatial and verbal working memory. Left inferior frontal gyrus
and superior temporal gyrus are associated with retrieval of the sound from spelling
(Grapheme-phoneme correspondence) while processing complex orthographic features of the
Hindi language. Thus, complex word processing relies more on grapheme phoneme mapping
and is driven more phonologically. These words also recruit spatial and working memory
areas while processing complex orthography.
Keywords: Visuospatial complex task, Visuospatial complex and simple words, QEEG,
sLORETA, Statistical non-parametric mapping
Total word count of the abstract: 317
MSc-24
Title: Effect of rTMS therapy on pain status, thermal sensitivity in Myofacial Pain
Dysfunction syndrome
Author List: Sharma G1, Arya S1, Gupta S2, Bhatia R1
Affiliation:1Department of physiology, 2Department of OMDR
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Presenting Author:
Dr Garima Sharma
Department of Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi
Email id: [email protected]
Corresponding Author:
Dr RenuBhatia
Department of Physiology, AIIMS, New Delhi
Email id:[email protected]
Number of words: 350
Abstract body
Introduction:
Myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is a chronic pain disorder, in which unilateral
pain is referred from the trigger points in myofacial structures, to the muscles of the head
and neck.The most accepted treatment regimen include low level laser therapy along with
conservative therapy but the use of photobiomodulation cannot be recommended as a
predictable and reliable treatment modality for MPD.Recently non-invasive techniques such
as brain stimulation have emerged which have potential to relieve pain and associated
spasm in chronic muscular pain disorders. In MPDS desensitization occur at the level of the
brainstem. Since pain and muscle spasm co-exist in MPDS so we hypothesise it may play a
beneficial role in its management.
Aim and objectives:
To study the effect of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on pain status, thermal
sensitivity of masticatory muscles in Myofacial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome.
Materials and methods: Randomised control trial (interventional). 20 diagnosed cases of MPDS were recruited based on laskin’s criteria and were randomly divided into real and sham group. Patients contraindicated to TMS were excluded from study.Repetitive TMS was given to the patients using NeuroMS/D Neurosoft stimulator using a figure of eight coil on motor cortex for 7
consecutive daysat 10 Hz frequency at 90% RMT with each session containing 1200 pulses in 20 trains at 60 second inter-train. To evaluate the pain status questionnaires like Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Maximum mouth opening (MMO) and Mc Gill Pain Questionnaire- short form (MPQ-SF) were included. For thermal sensitivity testing (CPT, HPT) first at left hand (first web space) was done and then the tests were repeated at unaffected and affected Masseter.
Results:
Significant decrease in pain rating score (VAS), MPQ-SF score (p< 0.000001), HPT and CPT of
affected site (P=0.0005)after rTMS therapy in real group when compared to sham
group.Significant increase in mouth opening (p=0.0028) after rTMS therapy was seen in real
group.
Conclusion:
We conclude that high frequency rTMSof motor cortex is effective in ameliorating MPDS
pain and correcting sensory deficit. Hence it may be considered as a therapeutic
intervention in Myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome.
-------------------------- (End of abstract)----------------------------