Shelby County Schools Extended Learning Packet · Explain why you agree. Erika, Ted, and Ramona are...

Shelby County Schools

Extended Learning Packet

Science

Grade 4

Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date MODULE OPENER

162 Module Opener The Sun and Earth

apparent motion

rotation

axis

shadow

revolution

Look and listen for these words as you learn about the Sun and Earth.

Key Vocabulary

Science in Our World Watch the video about the view of Earth from space.

What questions do you have?

The Sun and Earth

Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date MODULE OPENER

Online Content at� connectED.mcgraw-hill.com c Module Opener The Sun and Earth 163

Science and Engineering Practices

I will use a model.

How do computer scientists help other scientists study outer space?

How is Earth affected by light from the Sun?

STEM Career ConnectionComputer Scientist As a kid, I was always taking things apart to create new gadgets. Now, I work as a computer scientist.

I get to do a lot of exciting things. I find new ways for using current technologies. I analyze and interpret a huge amount of data to solve complex problems in medicine, science, and other fields. Sometimes I get to design video games and even build robots!

Today, I am helping the research team at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration test a new computer software. My work will allow engineers to better control the robotic arms to collect and bring lunar samples back to Earth.

GRACE

Computer Programmer

Name Date ASSESS LESSON READINESS

What Makes a Sunset?

Day and Night

SCIENCEPROBES

Which friend do you agree with the most?

Explain why you agree.

Erika, Ted, and Ramona are watching the sun go down. They wonder why the sun goes down every night. Here's what they say:

Erika: The Sun moves around Earth. We call it daytime when the Sun shines on our part of Earth.

Ted: Earth moves around the Sun once a day. Daytime is when our side of Earth faces the Sun.

Ramona: Earth spins around one time in one day. We call it daytime when our side of Earth is toward the Sun.

164 Module The Sun and Earth

Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date ENGAGE

Science in Our WorldLook at the photo of Earth. Half of Earth is lit up. The other half is dark. What questions do you have?

Read about a photonics engineer and answer the questions on the next page. A photonics engineer is

interested in finding out about how lasers can be used

in new technologies. STEM Career ConnectionPhotonics Engineer Working with lasers is part of what I do. Usually I think of how I can use lasers in research. Lasers are already used in many different ways, such as in medicine. Lasers can also be used to gather data and transmit information. I think of ways to use lasers to develop new ways of communicating. Another use of lasers could be for developing solar cells. These cells change energy from the Sun into electricity.

It is important for me to research new developments in photonics. I must always keep up with the research of other engineers. Photonics is a technology that can change the world. I would like to explore how lasers might also be used to gather information from faraway places, like the stars!

d

ng. g

ep p

HALEY

Astronomer

Lesson 1 Day and Night 165Online Content at� connectED.mcgraw-hill.com c

Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date ENGAGE

Like a photonics engineer, you will use models to study

the Sun and Earth.

1. What are some ways lasers are used?

2. Why do you think it is important for a photonics engineer to keep up with current research?

Essential Question What causes the day and night cycle on Earth?


I will use a model.


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EXPLAIN

Obtain and Communicate Information

Vocabulary

revolution axis rotation

Use these words when explaining day and night.

Earth and the Sun Watch the video Earth and the Sun. Answer the following questions

after you have finished watching.

1. What happens as Earth revolves around the Sun.

2. What is Earth's position in relation to the Sun during summer and winter in the Northern Hemisphere?

3. How do you think the position of Earth's tilted axis affects your daily life?


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EXPLAIN

Rotation and RevolutionFollow your teacher's directions to demonstrate how space objects rotate and revolve. Compare and contrast the movements. Answer the questions after you have finished the activity.

3. When you started to spin around while also moving around the circle, what did you model?

4. Think about Earth's rotation and revolution. What does Earth's rotation cause? What is the length of Earth's revolution?

Revolutio n Rotation


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EXPLAIN

Earth in Space Read pages 95–96 of the Science Handbook. Answer

the following questions after you have finished reading.

5. How is Earth's rotation different from its revolution?

6. Why is the tilt of Earth's axis important to the day and night cycle on Earth?


Think about how you modeled day and night. Tell how you used these models by completing the “I can . . .” statement below.

Use examples from the lesson to explain what

you can do!ou can do!


I canC

opyr

ight

© M

cGra

w-H

ill E

duca

tion

Name Date ELABORATE

Research, Investigate, and Communicate The Day and Night Cycle

Close Reading Read this section from the Science Handbook. Use this reading to help you ask a question to research.

Research You will research how day and night affects life on Earth. Think about plants, animals, or events that might be affected by Earth's cycle of day and night.

Ask a Question What question will help guide your research?

Carry Out an Investigation�1 Record your research notes on the lines below.

At any point in time, half of Earth's surface faces the Sun and is in daylight. The other half of Earth's surface faces away from the Sun and is in darkness.


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date ELABORATE

Communicate Information1. Organize your research in the form of a poster. Include a visual

of the plant, animal, or event that you researched and how it is affected by Earth's day and night cycle. Plan your poster in the space below.

2. Construct an Explanation Share your poster with your classmates. Listen as they share their posters. How did your research compare to theirs? Do day and night affect the topic of your research the same way it affected their topic?

Module The Sun and Earth

Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EVALUATE

Performance Task Model of the Sun and Earth

You will use what you have learned about rotation and revolution to make a model of the interaction between Earth and the Sun. Think about how you could use your model to teach a younger student about this relationship.

Ask a Question What question do you think your model will help to answer?

Make a ModelBE CAREFUL Use the materials you choose carefully.

�1 List the materials you will use to make your model.

�2 How will you use the materials to make your model?

�3 What does each material represent in your model?


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EVALUATE

Communicate Information1. Construct an Explanation Explain how your model can be used to

explain the interaction of the Sun and Earth to another student.

Crosscutting Concepts Patterns2. What patterns are caused by the interactions of Earth and the Sun?


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EVALUATE

Now that you’re done with the lesson, share what

you did!

Essential Question What causes the day and night cycle on Earth?

Think about the photo of Earth you saw at the beginning of the lesson. How are Earth's movement and the Sun related?


Review the “I can . . .” statement you wrote earlier in the lesson. Explain what you have accomplished in this lesson by completing the “I did . . .” statement.

I did


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date ASSESS LESSON READINESS

Shadows on Earth

Shadows

Alejandro

SCIENCEPROBES

Who do you agree with the most?

Explain why you agree

Two friends were walking at the end of the school day and noticed that some objects they passed had a longer shadow than in the morning. They had different ideas about why the size and direction of a shadow had changed. This is what they said:

Alejandro: The size of the shadow changed as the Sun changes its position across the sky.

LaBron: The size of the shadow changed during the day because the Earth spins on its axis.


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date ENGAGE

Science in Our WorldWatch the video of the shadows moving as the Sun moves across the sky. What questions do you have?

Read about a mathematician and answer the questions on the next page.

A mathematician applies math concepts to solve problems in

other fields. STEM Career ConnectionMathematician As a mathematician, I study math and apply math concepts to many areas of science. I conduct research and analyze data. Then I take the data and apply math principles to solve real-world problems. I can work in different fields of science such as physics, astronomy, and engineering. It is especially important for me to be able to apply mathematical formulas and calculations to solve real-world problems. I also use math principles of geometry and algebra to construct models. By using these models, I can describe the real world.

f

ta.

n

ns h

HALEY

Astronomer

Lesson 2 Shadows 179Online Content at� connectED.mcgraw-hill.com c

Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date ENGAGE

Like a mathematician, you will use a model to

understand how shadows form.

1. How does a mathematician use models?

2. How could a mathematician use models to track shadows?

Essential Question Why does the Sun cause different shadows during the day?


I will use a model. form.


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EXPLORE

Inquiry ActivityShadows

How do light and the objects it shines on create shadows?

Make a Prediction Does the size and shape of an object affect its shadow?

Carry Out an InvestigationBE CAREFUL Do not shine the flashlight in anyone's eyes.

�1 Discuss the differences in the size and shape of the objects with a partner.

�2 Try shining the flashlight on each of the objects from different angles.

�3 Shine the flashlight from the same angle on each object one at a time. Observe the type of shadow that is made.

�4 Record Data Sketch the shadow that is formed by shining the light on each object in the table below.

Object

Sketch of

Object's

Shadow

Materials

flashlight

variety of objects of different shapes and sizes


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EXPLORE

Communicate Information1. Did your results support your prediction? Explain.

2. Construct an Explanation What did you notice about how the shadows formed?

Module The Sun and Earth

Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EXPLAIN

Obtain and Communicate Information

Vocabulary

apparent motion shadow

Use these words when explaining shadows.

The Night Sky Investigate how the motions of Earth cause the apparent

motion of the stars as you conduct the simulation. Answer the question after you have finished.

1. Which objects were really moving in the simulation? Which objects seemed to be moving?

Apparent Motion and Shadows Read page 97 in the Science Handbook. Answer the questions

after you have finished reading.

2. What causes the apparent motion of the Sun in the sky?

3. Describe how a shadow is formed.


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EXPLAIN

Shadows Revisit Close Reading Reread this section from Shadows. Answer the

questions after you have finished reading.

1. Identify the evidence in the passage that supports the author's statement that a shadow forms when light is blocked. Circle the details in the section that helped identify your evidence.

2. Use the evidence to explain how your shadow changes throughout the day by completing the graphic organizer below.

A shadow forms when light is blocked. The light strikes an object but cannot pass through it. You cast a shadow when your body blocks sunlight. Your shadow always points away from the Sun. As the position of the Sun in the sky changes, your shadow changes, too. Early in the morning, your shadow is long. It shrinks until midday. Then it grows longer again until sunset.

First

Next

Last


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EXPLAIN

Cut out the Notebook Foldables tabs given to you by your teacher. Glue the anchor tabs as shown below. Use what you have learned to draw the apparent motion of the Sun and shadows throughout the day under the tabs.

Glu

e anc

hor

tab h

ere


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EXPLAIN

How Shadows ChangeExplore the Digital Interactive How Shadows Change about how the length of a shadow changes during the course of a day. Answer the question after you have finished.

6. How does a shadow look when the Sun is high in the sky? What about when the Sun is low in the sky?

Writing in Science On a separate piece of paper write a paragraph about how you might use the Sun and your shadow to estimate the time of day.


Think about how you used a model to show how shadows form. Tell how you can use a model by completing the “I can . . .” statement below.

Use examples from the lesson to explain what

you can do!


I can

Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date ELABORATE

Research, Investigate, and Communicate Inquiry Activity Understanding Shadows Using a Sundial

Sundials work because as the Sun moves across the sky, the light strikes the pointer on the sundial, casting a shadow on the surface.

Make a Prediction What will happen to the shadow at different points throughout the day?

Carry Out an Investigation�1 Begin on a sunny day before noon.

�2 Use a pencil to poke a hole through the center of the paper plate. Write the number 12 on the edge of the plate with a crayon.

�3 Use the ruler as a guide to draw a line from the number 12 to the hole in the center of the plate.

�4 Take your paper plate, straw, and rock outside at noon. Place the plate on a flat, open surface and insert the straw into the hole on the plate. Slant the straw towards the line you drew.

�5 Carefully secure the plate to the ground with your rock. Return to your sundial in one hour.

�6 When you return, check the position of the shadow. Write the number 1 on the edge of the plate at the spot of the shadow.

Materials

sharpened pencil

paper plate

crayon

ruler

plastic straw

a small rock


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date ELABORATE

�7 Continue each hour, checking and marking the position of the shadow and actual time on the edge of the plate.

Communicate Information1. Construct an Explanation What caused the position of the shadow

to change throughout the day?

2. From your observations, what is the purpose of a sundial? Explain.

3. How did your results compare with the prediction you made?


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EVALUATE

Performance TaskShadow Models

You will use one of the models from the lesson to explain the relationship between the Sun and Earth and how it affects shadows.

Make a Model�1 Choose one of the activities you completed in the lesson that

showed how shadows form. Draw a sketch of the model in the space below. Make sure you include and label the light source, the objects that form the shadow, and the shadow that was formed.

�2 Use the model that you drew to explain how the relationship between the Sun and Earth affects shadows throughout a day.


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EVALUATE

Communicate Information1. Construct an Explanation What did each of the models in

the activities in this lesson show about how shadows form?

Crosscutting Concepts Patterns2. Explain why shadows differ in size depending on the time of da y.

3. Construct an Explanation How are the apparent motion of the Sun and daily changes in the length and direction of shadows related?


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

Name Date EVALUATE

Essential Question Why does the Sun cause different shadows during the day?

Think about the video you watched at the beginning of the lesson of shadows moving as the Sun moves across the sky. Explain how shadows form and change throughout the day.


Review the “I can . . .” statement you wrote earlier in the lesson. Explain what you have accomplished in this lesson by completing the “I did . . .” statement.

I did

Now that you’re done with the lesson, share

what you did!


Cop

yrig

ht ©

McG

raw

-Hill

Edu

cati

on

✩

094-95_SME_SD216.qxd 25/2/06 10:48 AM Page 94 (Cyan plate)

94

✩ Day and night Background knowledgeAs Earth spins, it makes one complete turn every 24 hours. Whenever ourpart of Earth turns to face the Sun, the Sun lights it up, giving us daytime.Whenever Earth turns away from the Sun, sunlight can no longer reach us.It gets dark, giving us nighttime. Day turns to night and night turns to dayas Earth constantly spins around.

Science activityHere is a picture of Earth as it appears from space. Draw an arrow on thepicture to show from which direction the Sun is shining on Earth.

Science investigation

094-95_SME_SD216.qxd 25/2/06 10:50 AM Page 94 (Black plate)

Ask a friend to turn the globe and shine a flashlight on it to create daytime and nighttime. In your own words, explain why there is daytime and nighttime.

© Dorling Kindersley Limited [2010] © Dorling Kindersley Limited [2010]

✩


86

✩ Loud or soft? Background knowledgeIn addition to pitch, loudness is another property of sound. If you hit a cymbalsoftly, it makes a soft sound. If you hit it hard, it makes a loud sound. Theharder you pluck a guitar string, the louder the sound it makes. The harderyou blow a whistle, the louder the sound it makes. All musical instrumentswork in the same way.

What do you think will happen to the rice grains ifMichael beats the tambourine harder?

....................................................................................

Science activityMichael put some grains of rice on the skin of a tambourine. When he beatthe tambourine, the rice jumped up and down as the skin vibrated. Learnmore at website 86-1.


Make a simple instrument called a kazoo by foldingtissue paper over the teeth of a comb. To play thekazoo, you press it to your mouth and hum through itwith your lips close together. Design and conduct anexperiment to see how you can make the kazooproduce sounds of varying loudness.



✩


92

✩ Me and my shadowBackground knowledgeThe Sun is a very powerful light source. When sunlight shines on a wall, itmakes the wall bright. If you place a solid, opaque object in front of the wall,the sunlight cannot pass through it and a shadow forms on the wall. BecauseEarth is rotating, the Sun seems to move across the sky, casting differentshadows from morning (sunrise) to evening (sunset).

On a sunny day, find your shadow onthe ground. Try to change its shape.At what time in the day is yourshadow the longest? Go to websites92-1 and 92-2 to learn more.


Science activityThe morning Sun was shining through the window in Tony’s home, casting aninteresting shadow of a vase on the table. Tony thought it looked great, andwanted to show his father when he came home from work. If there was stillsunlight coming through the window in the afternoon, draw how the shadowlooked when Tony showed it to his father.




✩

63

My shadow and me

Science activityWhich of the children will make the largest shadow? Circle that child’s name.

ObservationsWhen you shine a flashlight at a wall, the wall seems brighter. If you putyour hand over the flashlight, it blocks all the light, and the wall stays dark.If you hold your hand between the flashlight and the wall, you make a shadow. The closer your hand is to the flashlight, the bigger the shadow.

Jo Kate Tom Ben

Use a flashlight and different toysto make shadows on the wall. Makethe shadows bigger and smaller. Dothe activity on website 63-1.

Science exploration



092-093-KS2U Physical.qxd 23/2/06 3:23 PM Page 93 (Cyan plate)

✩

93

Night and dayBackground knowledgeEarth completes one rotation on its axis every 24 hours. When the part ofEarth where you live faces the Sun, it is daytime. Sunrise, also called dawn,occurs when the part of Earth where you are turns just enough for you to seethe Sun. At sunset, Earth has turned so that again you can only just see theSun. When it is night where you are, it is daytime for people living on theother side of Earth.

Make a model of the Sun and Earth. Use a flashlight to represent the Sunand a basketball to represent Earth. Do this experiment in a darkened room.Place the flashlight on a table so that it shines into the room. Hold thebasketball about 1 meter away, and turn it around slowly. The basketball islike Earth turning on its axis. Tape a white circle onto the ball. Spinthe ball slowly at a slight angle so it is tilted like Earth. Notice atwhat part of the spin the circle appears lighted. Move it to otherplaces and repeat. Are there locations that stay lighted longerthan others?


Science activityEarly one evening, Gus, who lives in London, England, was allowed to phonehis uncle who lives in Montreal, Canada. Gus was very surprised to hear thathis uncle was just about to have lunch because it was only 1:00 p.m.

What is the explanation for the difference in time?

092-093-KS2U Physical.qxd 23/2/06 3:24 PM Page 93 (Black plate)



✩

83

Sizing up a shadow

Obtain a flashlight, a pencil, a small amount of clay, and a largepiece of white paper. Investigate shadow formation by shiningthe light on the pencil. Use the clay to stand the pencil uprightor at different angles. Place the paper on a nearby wall to castthe shadow. Change the position of the flashlight and pencil,and measure the size of the shadow after each change. Makepredictions.


Background informationTo form a shadow, there must be a light source, an object to block the light,and a surface on which the shadow can form. Shadows resemble the shape, butare not necessarily the same size as the object that makes them. The distanceand position of the light source from an object affect the size of a shadow. A shadow will get bigger if the light source is moved closer to the object, or ifthe object moves away from its shadow. A shadow cast by the Sun becomesshorter from dawn until midday, and then begins to lengthen until dusk.

Science activityJohn was making a shadow-puppet theater. He used a sheet stretchedbetween two table legs as his screen and a bright lamp as his light source.He made the shape of a person from cardboard and stuck it on a stick, but the shadow of the shape was too big for the screen.

How could he make the shadow smaller? Describe two ways.



✩


92

✩ Sun tracksBackground knowledgeYou know that on any single day, the Sun will rise and set. However, it is Earththat is moving. It takes 24 hours for Earth to make a complete rotation on itsaxis. As it moves, the Sun appears to change its position in the sky. The Sunappears to rise in the east when the part of Earth you are on is turning towardsthe Sun, and appears to set in the west when your hometown is turning awayfrom the Sun. In addition to rotating on its axis, Earth is also revolving aroundthe Sun. It takes an average of 365 days, or one year, to make one completeorbit around the Sun.

Which side of the picture is the east?

What time is it at position B?

What will soon happen at position C?

Make a sundial. On a sunny morning, stand a 50 cm-long stick in theground in your garden or school. Mark the position of the endof the stick’s shadow with a rock or other item that will noteasily blow away. Repeat this every hour so that by eveningyou have at least seven marks on the ground. What patterncan you see? Explain why the shadow moved.


AB

C

Science activityThe picture shows the Sun at three times during one summer day. First itwas in position A, then B, and finally C.




✩

91

Sunrise, sunsetBackground knowledgeYou have likely noticed that the Sun changes its position in the skythroughout the day. During sunrise it is in one place and at sunset it islocated on the opposite side of the sky. The Sun appears to move across thesky during the day, but it is not the Sun that is moving. Our planet does themoving! As Earth turns around, we see the Sun as we pass by it. This motionis why the Sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west. Go to website91-1 to learn more.

To watch Earth rotate, go to websites 91-2 and 91-3.Does Earth rotate clockwise or counterclockwise?Now shine a flashlight on a globe while a friend turnsthe globe. Describe what you see. How does thisdemonstration explain night and day?


Science activitySamantha drew a picture of the Sun on a piece of paper. In the morning,she attached the picture to the window over where she could see the Sunshining. (She was careful not to look directly at the Sun.) Draw where youthink she had to put the picture in the afternoon.


Ask a friend to turn the globe and shine a flashlight on it. Describe what you see. How does this explain night and day? Does Earth rotate clockwise or counterclockwise?


Date post:	21-Jul-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	1 times
Download:	0 times

Shelby County Schools Extended Learning Packet · Explain why you agree. Erika, Ted, and Ramona are...

Documents