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DNP Global SHE For internal use only
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Section 8
SHE Culture and Behavior @ DNP
Ian Simpson
SHE Culture and Behavior @ DNP
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
What are we talking about ?
What is your first thoughts when you think about SHE culture and behavior?
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
“The way we do things around here”
Safety Culture:
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
SHE Performance Development Line
Time
Nu
mb
er
of
Inci
den
ts
Hardware
SHE Systems
People
• Engineering• Equipment
integrity• Standards
• SHE procedures
• Competence• Risk
Assessment
• Behaviour• Leadership • Attitudes
Good behaviors turn good hardware, systems and procedures into a safe culture
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Managing Defenses – Swiss Cheese Model
HAZARD Hardware
SHE Systems
Design; Machine safetyTechnical Integrity
Slips, mistakes, unsafe acts, awareness
Control
INCIDENT
Risk assessment, Change ControlWork permits, Training, Procedures
Defenses
People
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
What is the Impact of Behavior on Defenses?
Hazard
Incident
Control Defenses
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Frequently Asked Question
What are the key SHE behaviours to focus upon to improve safety culture?
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
What are the Key Safe Behaviours?
Key Safe Behaviours
Empirical Research by Wood Group
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Supervisors Ensure complianceEncourage the team Promote risk awareness Involve the team
ManagersSet high expectationsCommunicate openlyConcern for peopleInvolve the workforce
EveryoneFollow rulesSpeak upBe awareGet involved
Key Safety Behaviors
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
DSM SHE Behaviour Standard
Topic Everyone Supervisors Managers
Standards Follow rules Ensure compliance Set high standards
Communication Speak upEncourage the
team Communicate openly
Risk
Management Be mindful
Promote risk awareness
Confront risk
Involvement Get involved Involve the team Involve the workforce
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
An Example Set of Safety Behaviours
Management BehavioursManagement Behaviours
Positive indicatorsPositive indicators Negative indicatorsRegularly explains SHE expectations,
and verifies understanding and compliance.
Focuses on sustainable SHE performance improvements in process & occupational
safety, and monitors progress.
Continually emphasises that production will not compromise SHE.
Consistently recognises good SHE behaviours and performance and tackles
poor SHE performance.
Reacts to circumstances; does not plan how to achieve desired SHE performance.
Delays following up on agreed safety actions
Tolerates variable and inconsistent SHE standards.
Allows short-term production pressures to win over SHE.
M
P1.1
M
P1.2
M
P1.3
M
P1.4
M
P1.5
M
P1.6
M
P1.7
M
P1.8
Places undue emphasis on occupational safety, to the detriment of process safety
M
P1.9
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Validity results summary
Face validity
Content validity
Convergent validity
Criterion validity
Our Safety Culture framework
Self reported injury, first-
aid case and near miss incidents
Injury, first-aid
case and near miss frequency
rates
All injury rate,
reportable injury rate (UK data)
Process safety
incident rate
Everyone behaviours
Supervisor behaviours
Manager behaviours
Validity demonstrated
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Ways to use the SHE Behaviour Standard
• Employee selection (all levels)• Employee orientation (all levels)• Setting behavioural expectations• Management and supervisor development• Enhancement of personal HSE action plans• Individual, team or site gap analysis, with
improvement action plan• Toolbox talks• SHE days• 360 degree feedback• Coaching• During auditing, alongside technical issues• Reward and recognition• Contractor selection & management• Post-incident review
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The SHE Behaviour Standard should be built into SHE and HR management systems and practice,
and reinforced at every opportunity
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Post Incident - SHE Behaviour Review
Friday, May 14th 2010 during unloading of a tandem axle trailer, a fork-lift (FLT) driver involved in a serious near-miss while he was driving out of the trailer.
As the FLT was driving out of the trailer, the back of the trailer suddenly collapsed and the FLT slipped rapidly to the end of the trailer. Fortunately, the FLT driver used the hand brake immediately and was wearing a seat belt.
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Post Incident - SHE Behaviour Review
But, rear stand not usedWheel chock in place
The truck driver had secured the trailer using the wheel chock. However, this kind of trailer also have support stands that have to be put out to stabilise the trailer. This was not done by the truck driver and not checked by the FLT driver.
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Topic Everyone Supervisors Managers
Standards Follow rulesDeliver SHE excellence
Set high standards
Communication Speak upEncourage the
teamCommunicate openly
Risk
ManagementBe mindful
Promote risk awareness
Concern for each other
Involvement Get involved Involve the team Proactively involve
Post Incident - SHE Behaviour Review
X X √
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Safety Culture Maturity Model ®
Emerging Level 1
Managing Level 2
Continuallyimproving
Level 5
Involving Level 3
Cooperating Level 4
Develop management commitment
Realise the importance of frontline staff and develop personal responsibility
Engage all staff to develop cooperation and commitment to improving safety
Develop consistency and fight complacency
Impro
ving safety culture
Increasing consistency
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Ten Elements of Safety Culture Maturity®
• Visible management commitment• Safety communication• Productivity versus safety• Learning organisation• Participation in safety• Health & safety resources• Risk-taking behaviour• Trust between management and frontline staff• Industrial relations and job satisfaction • Competency
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
SHE Behaviour Assessment
Reactive•Audits•Incidents•Near-misses•Existing BBS•Previous SCMM
Proactive Gap Analysis involving•Managers•Supervisors•Employees•Contractors
External “pair of eyes”
Key StrengthsAreas for Improvement
Gap Analysis Against DSM SHE Behaviour Standard
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Pro-active Assessment Tool
• Three sheets of SHE behaviours
• E = Everyone• S = Supervisors• M = Managers
• Participants work on one sheet at a time, examine each behaviour, discuss in pairs and enter ratings on worksheet
• Follow same process for the remaining two sheets
Always100%
Usually>75%
Sometimes>25% & < 75%
Seldom / Never
<25%
Enter your ratings onto relevant page
How often is each behaviour displayed, when appropriate, by
<managers, supervisors or everyone> in my part of DSM?
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Analysis of Strengths & Areas for Improvement?
• Three A1 sheets posted on the wall (Everyone, Supervisors, Managers)
• Individual ratings entered
• Greatest areas of strength?
• Areas for improvement?
• Comments / observations?
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
SHE Behaviour Assessment: Summary
Topic Everyone Supervisors Managers
Standards Follow rules Ensure compliance Set high standards
Communication Speak upEncourage the
team Communicate openly
Risk
Management Be mindful
Promote risk awareness
Confront risk
Involvement Get involved Involve the team Involve the workforce
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
People + Risks = Accidents
Poor
Excellent
Good
PEOPLE RISKS
Communication
Involvement
Standards
Risk Management
Limited AwarenessLimited Participation
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DSM Nutritional Products
ManagersSupervisorsEveryoneTopic
Proactively involveInvolve the teamGet involvedInvolvement
Concern for each other
Promote risk awareness
Be mindfulRisk
Management
Communicate openly
Encourage the
teamSpeak upCommunication
Set high standardsDeliver SHE excellence
Follow rulesStandards
Example Example -- The StandardThe Standard
Mindfulness of New Risks
Awareness of Known Risks
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Human Factors Tools
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Human Factor Analysis Tools (HFAT)
Understanding of behavior in incidents?
• First step: is behavior intended or not intended
• For unintended behaviors: Use Human Error Analysis
• For intended behaviors: Use ABC analysis
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Human Error Analysis of Unintended Behavior
Analysis is supported by a software package
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Analysis of Intended Behaviour
• Key questions are:• What’s in it for me?• Who is in control?
• Need to focus on individual consequences for complying with (or breaking!) the rules
• Most effective consequences are:• POSITIVE, IMMEDIATE, CERTAIN (PIC)
• Least effective consequences are:• NEGATIVE, FUTURE, UNCERTAIN
(NFU)
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
ABC Analysis For Life Saving Rules
Break LSRs
Pre-conditions
What‘s in it for me?
Comply with LSRs
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Personal ConsequencesCompliance with the Life Saving Rules
TYPE CONSEQUENCE P/N I/F C/U
Natural Avoid death or serious injury to self or others.
P F U
Tangible
(punishment)
Avoid criticism/consequence management by manager/supervisor
N I C
Tangible
(punishment)
Avoid criticism by colleagues/team N I U
Tangible
(reward)
Praise by manager/supervisor P I U
Tangible
(reward)
Incentives (prizes, bonus payments) P F U
Social Feel accepted by work team/leader P I C
Psychological Satisfy internalised beliefs/values
– feel in control
P I C
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Personal ConsequencesNon - Compliance with the Life Saving Rules
TYPE CONSEQUENCE P/N I/F C/U
Tangible
(reward)
Work is easier and/or takes less time P I C
Psychological Satisfy internalised beliefs/values
– need to feel in control
- avoid need to change
- different risk perception/tolerance
P I C
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
ABC Analysis of the Life Saving Rules Implementation
Individual Consequences
• It could happen to you!
• Reinforcement of required behaviours by managers, supervisors
& peers
• Consistent consequence management
• Incentives are immediate & certain
• Use natural work teams and leaders to promote & embed LSRs
• Encourage discussion of doubts & concerns
• Involve everyone – especially the “non-committal”
DNP Global SHE For internal use only
Summary Summary
• Unsafe behavior is a key factor in 95% of incidents; therefore, it is important to know how behavior can be influenced
• The safety culture within a group/organization influences the behavior of individual
• Not all behavior is intended; human error is important to consider when analyzing non-compliance
• To change culture and behavior, the involvement of the group/individuals is critical: only they can decide if and what they are willing to change
• Managers have to set the standard and act as a role-model, but everybody has to make their personal decision about their own behaviour