Shiladitya Chatterjee Head, Poverty Unit Asian Development Bank

Shiladitya Chatterjee

Head, Poverty UnitAsian Development Bank

1 October 2007, Manila, Philippines

The Millennium Development Goals: Progress in Asia and the

Pacific

Challenges Facing the Asia-Pacific Region

• Although dramatic improvements have occurred, 600 million poor still live in Asia-Pacific region

Extreme Poverty

Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006

Extreme Poverty• East Asia & Pacific will significantly surpass target• South Asia expected to marginally meet target


• Problem affects entire developing Asia-Pacific region with the region accounting for 4 million deaths (over 40% of the world total).

Child Mortality


Child Mortality


• South Asia may not meet target; East Asia and Pacific is currently on track

Maternal Mortality• Widespread problem in region. Over 200,000 deaths

constituting over 45% of world total

Maternal Mortality



Maternal Mortality

• Considerable regional variation: East Asia better than Latin America; South Asia near Sub-Saharan Africa

•Major data problems: no progress can be assessed

• About 6 million are affected (more than a 20% of world total)

HIV


Source: UNAIDS:2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic

HIV

HIV prevalence by region (2003-2005)

0

5

10

15

20

25

Sub-SaharanAfrica

North Africaand Middle

East

Asia Oceania LatinAmerica

Caribbean EasternEurope andCentral Asia

NorthAmerica,Western

ans CentralEurope

HIV

pre

vale

nce

(mill

ion

)

2003

2005

• Asia has become a major region of concern. Several sub-regions are off-track (Central Asia, Pacific).

• Progress good but more needs to be done in South Asia and the Pacific which are off-track

Primary Education


Primary Education


• Progress good in eliminating gender disparity in education • Insufficient progress in participation and empowerment

Gender Parity in Education


Gender Parity in Education


• Parity reached in East Asia and Pacific; not yet in South Asia

Access to Water

• Over 650 million people do not have access to an improved water source accounting for about 60% of world’s population without access


Access to Water & Sanitation


• East Asia is off track on both water and sanitation targets

• South Asia off track on sanitation but will meet water target

• By absolute numbers of the deprived, Asia- Pacific clearly faces the biggest challenge amongst developing regions of the world

Deprivations: Absolute Numbers People living in social and economic poverty in Asia and the Pacific

People deprived in Asia-Pacific, selected indicators, latest

20.5

34.5

42.9

46.5

54.2

54.4

61.1

63.0

65.3

66.2

74.8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Living w ith HIV

Out of primary school

Deaths before 5

Maternal deaths

Without clean w ater,urban

Living below $1/day

Without clean w ater,rural

Without basicsanitation, urban

Under 5 underw eight

Infected w ith TB

Without basicsanitation, rural

% of world, latest

Millions

1549

9

97

399

566

641

93

0.3

4

28

6

Source: ADB-UNDP-UNESCAP: MDG Progress Report 2007 for Asia-Pacific

ADB Countries at Risk

Progress on non-income poverty is unsatisfactory

29 of ADB’s 43 developing member countries are “off track” in more than a quarter of the non-income MDG indicators

Source: ADB-UNESCAP-UNDP. 2007. The Millennium Development Goals: Progress in Asia and the Pacific 2007 (forthcoming).

ADB DMCs Off-Track in 25% and above Non-Income MDG Indicators

25%

29%

29%

30%

31%

31%

31%

33%

33%

35%

35%

37%

37%

37%

37%

40%

40%

40%

40%

40%

44%

44%

44%

45%

45%

47%

60%

63%

65%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Hongkong, China

China

Armenia

Vietnam

Marshall Islands

Republic of Korea

Afghanistan

Bhutan

Palau

Azerbaijan

Kiribati

Myanmar

Nepal

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyztan

Philippines

India

Tajikistan

Uzbekistan

Vanuatu

Cambodia

Lao PDR

Pakistan

Indonesia

Micronesia

Georgia

Bangladesh

Turkmenistan

Papua New Guinea

Percentage of Indicators Off-Track

• Most significant concerns in ADB’s DMCs are

– CO2 emissions– Sanitation– Access to water– Underweight children– Infant mortality– Forest cover

• Data not available to track progress on maternal mortality

MDG Sectors at Risk in ADB Countries

ADB = Asian Development Bank, CFC = chloroflouro carbon, CO2= carbon dioxide, DMC = developing member country, HIV= human immunodeficiency virus, MDG = Millennium Development Goal, TB = tuberculosis.

Source: ADB-UNESCAP-UNDP. 2007. The Millennium Development Goals: Progress in Asia and the Pacific 2007 (forthcoming).

Percentage of ADB-DMCs Off-Track in Non-Income MDG Sectors

0%

12%

15%

16%

18%

21%

23%

28%

32%

33%

36%

36%

38%

38%

45%

52%

53%

53%

58%

62%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Protected area

ODP CFC consumption

Gender primary

Gender secondary

HIV prevalence

TB prevalence rate

TB death rate

Primary completion rate

Sanitation urban

Primary enrolment

Reaching grade 5

Water urban

Gender tertiary

Under-5 mortality

Forest cover

Infant mortality

Underweight children

Water rural

Sanitation rural

CO2 emissions

Percentage of DMCs Off-Track

Data Issues: Data Gaps

• Update uses 21 indicators out of 32 indicators relating to goals 1-7.

• Within these, data on some countries are not available to derive progress indicators.

• Much more effort and capacity to compile MDG related data is necessary.

Data Issues: Data Gaps

Data Issues:Disaggregating MDG Data

• Rural: Urban

• Income classes

• Sub-national administrative regions

• Gender

Thank You

[email protected]

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Shiladitya Chatterjee Head, Poverty Unit Asian Development Bank

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