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Shire (Middle-earth)From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, seeShire (disambiguation).

The Shire

PlacefromJ. R. R. Tolkien'slegendarium

Other names Sza, Szat(Westron)

i Drann(Sindarin)

Description Secluded area settled exclusively byHobbits

Location Northwestern Arnor

Lifespan Third AgeFourth Age

Lord ThainandMayor of the Shire

Books The Hobbit

The Lord of the Rings

The Shireis a region ofJ. R. R. Tolkien's fictionalMiddle-earth,described inThe Lord of the Ringsand

other works. The Shire refers to an area settled exclusively by Hobbitsand largely removed from the

goings-on in the rest of Middle-earth. It is located in the northwest of the continent, in the large region

ofEriadorand the Kingdom ofArnor.Its name inWestronwas Sza"Shire"[1]

or Szat"The Shire".[2]

Its

name inSindarinwas i Drann.[3]

Contents

[hide]

1 Geography

2 Inspiration

3 Regions of the Shire

o 3.1 Northfarthing

o 3.2 Westfarthing

o

3.3 Southfarthingo 3.4 Eastfarthing
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o 3.5 Buckland

o 3.6 Westmarch

4 History

5 Government

6 See also

7 References

8 Works cited

Geography[edit]

According to Tolkien, the Shire measured 40leagues(193 km, 120 miles[4]

)from the Far Downs in the west

to the Brandywine Bridge in the east, and 50 leagues (241 km, 150 miles) from the northern moors to the

marshes in the south.[5]

This is confirmed in an essay by Tolkien on translating The Lord of the

Rings,[6]where he describes the Shire as having an area of 18,000 square miles (47,000 km2).[7]

The original territory of the Shire was bounded on the east by theBaranduinRiver, on the north by uplands

rising to the old centre ofArnor,on the west by the White Downs, and on the south by marshland south of

the River Shirebourne. After the original settlement, hobbits also expanded to the east into Buckland

between the Baranduin and the Old Forest, and (much later) to the west into the Westmarch between the

White Downs and theTower Hills.

The Shire was originally divided into four Farthings. The outlying lands of Buckland and the Westmarch

were formally added after the War of the Ring.[5]

Within the Farthings there are some smaller unofficial clan

homelands: theTooksnearly all live in or near Tuckborough in Tookland, for instance. A Hobbit surname

often indicates where the family came from:Samwise Gamgee's last name derives from Gamwich, where

the family originated. Buckland was named for the Oldbucks (later called the Brandybucks).

The Shire is described as a small but beautiful, idyllic and fruitful land, beloved by its inhabitants. The

Hobbits had an extensiveagriculturalsystem in the Shire but were not industrialised. The landscape

included small pockets of forest (again similar to theEnglishcountryside). Various supplies were produced

in the Shire, including cereals, fruit, wood andpipe-weed.

Inspiration[edit]

On Tolkien's maps, the Shire is located at about the same position as Englandis on modern European

maps and has been cited as an example ofMerry Englandideology. Throughout the narrative, Tolkien also

implies numerous points of similarity between the two, such as weather, agriculture and dialect.

In particular, the central part of the Shire corresponds to theWest Midlands regionof England, extending

toWorcestershire(where Tolkien located his "home" in particular, his mother's family being

fromEvesham),Gloucestershire,Shropshire,Warwickshire,HerefordshireandStaffordshire,as argued

byTom Shippeyforming a "cultural unit with deep roots in history"[8]

The Northfarthing, with its heavy
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snowfalls, may correspond toYorkshireor the Lake District, while the Southfarthing lay far enough south to

support the cultivation of wine and tobacco ("pipe-weed").

The name "Shire" harks back toT. H. White's book England Have My Bones, where White says that he

lives in "the Shire" (with a capital "s").

The industrialisation of the Shire was based on Tolkien's childhood experience of the blighting of

theWorcestershirecountryside by the spread ofheavy industry.Therebellionof the Hobbits and the

restoration of the pre-industrial Shire may be interpreted as a prescription ofvoluntary simplicityas a

remedy to the problems of modern society.Saruman,the character responsible for the pollution of the

Shire, derives his name partly fromSarehole Mill,in the vicinity of which Tolkien spent "the most idyllic

period" of his childhood.[9]

The Shire is, of course, not simply "identical" to the West Midlands.The region in

a more remote past, asMercia,serves at the same time as a model for the Markof theRohirrim.

Iceland divided in farthings, in Hans Henrik Knoff's map, 1761

Regions of the Shire[edit]

The original parts of the Shire were subdivided into four Farthings("fourth-ings" or

"quarterings").[10]

The Three-Farthing Stonemarked thetripointwhere the borders of the Eastfarthing,

Westfarthing and Southfarthing of the Shire came together, by the East Road.[11]

(Icelandwas traditionally

also divided inFarthings,or "fourth parts", as the Shire is.) It is claimed that the Three-Farthing Stone was

inspired by theFour shire stone.[12]

Buckland, across the Baranduin River to the east, and the Westmarch, between the Far Downs and

theTower Hillsto the west, were not part of the original grant to the hobbits by King Argeleb IIofArthedain.

These were formally given to the hobbits as the East and West Marches of the Shire by King Elessarafter

the War of the Ring, inS.R.1462 (F.A.41).[10][13]

Buckland had been long settled by then: Gorhendad

Oldbuck led hobbits from the East Farthing across the river in T.A.2340,[13]

and Buckland became "sort of a

colony of the Shire".[14]

There is no mention of settlement in the Westmarch until Elessar's gift; Sam

Gamgee's daughter Elanor and her husband Fastred later settled there, and Fastred was created Warden

of Westmarch.[13]

Northfarthing[edit]

The Northfarthing is the least populous part of the Shire. It is where most of the Shire'sbarleycrop is

grown,[15]

and the only farthing where heavy snow is frequent.[16]

The historicBattle of Greenfieldswas

fought here.[17]

Long Cleevewas the home of a splinter of theTook clan,descendants of Bandobras "Bullroarer" Took

known as the North-Tooks, who settled here after the Battle of Greenfields.[18]
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ipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shire_(Middle-earth)&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-GreyHavens-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-GreyHavens-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-GreyHavens-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Greenfieldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Greenfieldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Greenfieldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Took_clanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Took_clanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Took_clanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1761_Homann_Heirs_Map_of_Iceland_%22Insulae_Islandiae%22_-_Geographicus_-_Islandiae-hmhr-1761.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Took_clanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Greenfieldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-GreyHavens-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shire_(Middle-earth)&action=edit&section=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-AppB-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-Conspiracy-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-AppB-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-prolog-ordering-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-prolog-ordering-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_Reckoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthedainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argeleb_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Hillshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_shire_stonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farthings_of_Icelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-ShireMap-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-prolog-ordering-10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shire_(Middle-earth)&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohirrimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddermarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarehole_Millhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarumanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_simplicityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scouring_of_the_Shirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcestershirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._H._Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire


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The village of Hardbottlewas the home of the Bracegirdle family, to whomLobelia Sackville-

Bagginsbelonged.[15]

Tolkien's unfinished index to The Lord of the Ringplaces Hardbottle in the

Southfarthing[19]

(and some maps, notablyKaren Wynn Fonstad'sAtlas of Middle-earth, have used this

location). But in Tolkien's more extensive entry in his guide for translators, it is located explicitly in "the

North Farthing" [sic].[20]

Bindbole Woodis one of the larger forests of the Shire. It was misspelled "Bindbale Wood" in the first

Ballantine paperback edition, and the misspelling has been carried forward in many commentaries,

including Foster's Guideand Fonstad'sAtlas.[21]

Westfarthing[edit]

The western part of the Shire. It runs from the Three-Farthing Stone west as far as the Far Downs ,[11][22]

and

includes the White Downs.[23]

Michel Delving on the White Downsis the chief town of the Shire.[22]Its name means simply

"largeexcavation".[24]

The Mayor of Michel Delving, with a seven-year term, is the only elected official

of the Shire.[10]

At the time of the War of the Ring, the Mayor was Will Whitfoot,[25]

the fattest hobbit in

the Westfarthing.[26]

Michel Delving houses the mathom-house, a museum for old items,[22]

including for

a time Bilbo Baggins'smithrilchain mail coat.[27][28][29]

Little Delvingis a village to the north of Michel Delving.[11]

Waymeet(spelled "Waymoot" on the Shire map in the Prologue of The Lord of the Rings) grew up at

the junction of the Great East Road with the older South Road that crossed the Baranduin at Sarn Ford

before the Brandywine Bridge was built.[30][31]

Tuckboroughis the centre of the Took homeland where most Tooks dwell .[10]

The Thain's extended

family lives here in the Great Smials.[22][25]

Bywateris a village situated on the East Road along a natural pool in the stream called The Water, a

river running through the centre of the Shire.[11]

It is known for two inns, "the Green Dragon"[32]

and "the

Ivy Bush".[33]

It was also the site of theBattle of Bywateron November 3,T.A.3019, the last battle in

the War of the Ring.[13][25]

Rushock Bogis a swampy area along The Water, situated near the town of Needlehole.[11]

Hobbitonis a village along a stream locally known as The Water, a short distance west of Bywater.

There are no stables, inns, or pubs in the village, the nearest of which are found in Bywater. The

neighbourhood to the north, The Hill, is divided into Underhill on the south and Overhill on the north;

The Hill Road runs north from Bagshot Lane and continues onward to Overhill.
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On the north bank of the Water in Hobbiton was "The Mill", with a large water-wheel and a yard behind it.

Sandyman the Miller owned the Mill and operated it with the help of his son Ted Sandyman. Lotho

Sackville-Baggins had the Old Mill knocked down and the New Mill built in its place. The New Mill was an

ugly red-brick building with a tall chimney. It was bigger than the Old Mill and full of wheels and strange

contraptions to increase production. The New Mill straddled the Water and poured pollutants into the

stream. It was operated by Men, and Ted Sandyman stayed on to help them. When Saruman came to the

Shire in September 3019, the Mill was no longer used for grinding grain but for some industrial purpose;

and loud noises, smoke, and filth issued from it. After Saruman was killed and the Chief's Men defeated at

the Battle of Bywater, the New Mill was removed.[15][25]

Bag Endis an un-numbered smialbuilt byBungo Baggins(d.,Third Age2934) of Hobbiton as a

wedding gift toBelladonna Took(d., 2936), a daughter ofGerontius Took(d., 2920) of Tookland.

Bungo built the hole in the side of a hill off a path leading from The Hill Road on the north side of

Hobbiton. It sits above its three closest poorer neighbours on Bagshot Row. The two had one child,

Bilbo (b., 2890). Since they both died relatively young by Hobbit standards, Bilbo Baggins remained

there as a bachelor and eventually added a potato garden to its western slope whenHamfast "Gaffer"

Gamgee,of Number 3, Bagshot Row, became its gardener in T.A. 2961. Gamgee himself often

employed Holman Greenhand who lived in a hut south of The Water. The next-door neighbour to

Gamgee was Daddy Twofoot of Number 2. Only the rooms towards the west had windows, which

opened on to the garden's grassy slope and meadows beyond. (The author borrowed "Bag End" from

the name of his aunt's farmhouse in theWorcestershirevillage of Dormston.[34]

It was supposedly

intended as a translation of the word Labin-necin the fictionalWestronlanguage. This had much the

same meaning, and a similar relationship, to Labingi(the Westron form of Baggins) as Bag

Endto Baggins.[35]

).

Southfarthing[edit]

The Southfarthing is the site of Longbottom, where the bestpipe-weedwas grown, owing to the area's

warmer climate.[36]

The area was also known for the production of wine, principally Old Winyards.[37]

At Longbottom(meaning "long valley")[38]

Tobold Hornblower introduced the cultivation of pipe-weed

to the Shire with plantations in his garden, ca.T.A.2670.[13][36]

The Green Hill Country, a region of rolling countryside in the central part of the Shire, extends into

both the Southfarthing and the Eastfarthing.[11][39]

The Overbourne Marshes, a swampy area along the western bank of theBaranduin,across the river

from the mouth of theWithywindle.The River Shirebourne flows through the marshes into the

Baranduin just south of Haysend.[11]
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Sarn Fordis the stony ford across the Baranduin on the southern borders of the Shire.[40]

A road

leaving the Great East Road at Waymeet crosses the ford and meets the Greenway farther

east.[11]

TheRangersguarded this entrance to the Shire, but in October, T.A.3018, theNazglhunting

for theOne Ringdrove them off;[41]

some of the Nazgl crossed into the Shire, while others followed the

Rangers toward the Greenway.[13]

Eastfarthing[edit]

The Eastfarthing bordered Buckland and contained the towns Frogmortonand Whitfurrowsand the farms

of the Marish.[11][14]

The farmers near the Brandywine largely acknowledged the authority of the Oldbucks,

even after the latter moved across the river and became theBrandybucks.[14]

The Marishis the name of fertile but marshy farmlands along the Brandywine River. The Marish was

settled about thirty years after the Shire had been created, by Stoors who arrived there from

Dunland.[13][22]The Marish was important in Shire history as the home of Bucca, the first of theShire-

thains.Gorhendad, one of his descendants, crossed the Brandywine and founded Buckland.[14]

Farmer

Maggotlived at Bamfurlong in the Marish.[42]

Stockis the major town of the Marish and the location of "the Golden Perch", an inn with a reputation

for excellent beer.[42]

Stock Road was a road that ran eastwards from Tuckborough in the Westfarthing

across the Green Hill Country and past the Yale to Stock .[11]

The Yaleis a low-lying farming area shown on the Shire Map between the Stock Road and the East

Road.[11][43]

This was the homeland of theBoffin family,and several Boffins in a genealogical table

(deleted from Appendix C before publication) came from the Yale.[44]

Scaryis a village in the northern part of the Eastfarthing at the southern feet of the Hills of

Scary.[11][15]

A road ran south from Scary to cross the Water at Budgefordand join the Great East

Road at Whitfurrows.[11]

During the War of the Ring, provisions were stored in the quarry east of Scary

by the Chief's Men, and after theScouring of the Shirethe Hobbits took advantage of these stores for

the Yule holiday.[15]

Woody Endis a forested upland near the village of Woodhall. Frodo and his friends, on their journey

to Buckland, encountered Gildor's party there.[39]

Buckland[edit]

Not originally part of the Shire, Buckland lay east of theBaranduin(Brandywine) river. The area was

protected from the nearby Old Forestby the "High Hay", a tall hedge which forms the eastern border of

Buckland, running from the Brandywine Bridge in the north to the confluence of theWithywindlewith the

Baranduin near the village of Haysendin the south. The main entrance to Buckland from the north is a gate

in the Hay, called variously the Buckland Gate, the North Gate, or the Hay Gate, located "where the Hedge
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runs down to the river-bank, just this side of the Bridge,"[14]

opening onto the East Road from the Shire

toBree.

Unlike other hobbits the Bucklanders are prepared for danger and less naive than the Shire-hobbits. They

close the Hay Gate and lock their own front doors at night, and are prepared to rush to arms at the sound ofthe Horn of Buckland. Most Bucklanders were originally ofStoorstock, and they were the only hobbits

known to use boats.[14]

Buckleburyis the main town of Buckland. TheMaster of Buckland,hereditary chieftain of the

Brandybuck family, maintained his home here at Brandy Hall.[14]

The Bucklebury Ferry, a raft-ferry some ten miles south of the Bridge, provides another crossing of

the Brandywine from the Shire to Buckland. (Tolkien originally put the distance at twenty miles, but this

was corrected in later editions.) It is unmanned, to be used by hobbits as needed. En route to the new

house at Crickhollow, Frodo, Sam,MerryandPippincrossed the river using the Ferry just ahead of one

of theBlack Riders,who was forced to go around to the Brandywine Bridge since no boats were kept

on the western bank of the river.[42]

Crickhollowwas a village in Buckland. After selling Bag End, Frodo Baggins moved to a house in

Crickhollow. Meriadoc Brandybuck andFredegar Bolgerprepared the house ostensibly for Frodo to

occupy in retirement, but the purchase of the house was a ruse to allow Frodo and Samwise Gamgee

to leave the Shire unobtrusively.[39]

Merry and Pippin lived for some time after their return to the Shire in

the house at Crickhollow.[15]

Westmarch[edit]

After the events of theWar of the Ringat the start of the Fourth Age, King Elessar granted the hobbits of

the Shire effective self-rule inside his reunited kingdom, banning anyMenfrom entering the land.[13]

He also granted the Shire a stretch of new land: this reached from the ancient western borders of the Shire,

the Far Downs, to the Tower Hills. The area between the downs and the hills became known as the

Westmarch. Like Buckland, it was not part of any of the four Farthings .[13]

The eldest daughter of mayor Samwise Gamgee,Elanor the Fair,married Fastred of Greenholm, and they

moved to the Westmarch, settling in Undertowers. After the passing of master Samwise into the Grey

Havens, they and their children became known as the Fairbairns of the Towersor Wardens of Westmarch.

The Red Book of Frodo and Bilbo Baggins passed into their keeping, becoming known as the Red Book of

Westmarch.[13]

History[edit]

The Shire was settled by Hobbits in the year 1601 of theThird Age(Year 1 in Shire Reckoning). The

Hobbits (who originally lived in the vale ofAnduin)had migrated west over the perilousMisty Mountainsin

the decades before that, and before entering the Shire they had lived inDunlandand parts of the
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ikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shire_(Middle-earth)&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-GreyHavens-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-Three-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredegar_Bolgerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-Shortcut-42http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringwraithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrin_Tookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meriadoc_Brandybuckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-Conspiracy-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Bucklandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-Conspiracy-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bree_(Middle-earth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_note-Conspiracy-14


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depopulatedArnoriansplinter-realmsCardolanandRhudaur.It has been speculated that the Hobbits had

originally moved west to escape the troubles ofMirkwood,and the evil caused by theEasterlings.

The Shire was a part ofArthedain,and as such a part of Arnor. The Hobbits obtained official permission

from KingArgeleb IIat Norbury (Fornost)to settle the lands, which were not populated and were seen asthe king's hunting grounds. The King stipulated three conditions to this grant; that the hobbits should

acknowledge his Lordship, that they should maintain the roads within the Shire and finally that they should

aid his messengers. The Hobbits therefore considered themselves subjects of the king and sent some

archers to the great battles Arnor fought againstAngmar.After the fall of Arnor, the Shire remained a minor

but independent, self-governing realm. The chiefs of the Clans elected an official named theThainto hold

the king's powers after the North-kingdom fell. The first Thains were the heads of theOldbuck clan.The

position later came to be held by the Tooks.

Its small size, relative lack of importance, and brave and resilient Hobbit population made it too modest anobjective for conquest. More importantly, the Shire was guarded and protected by theDnedainRangers,

who watched the borders and kept out intruders. The only strangers to enter the Shire were

theDwarvestravelling on the Great Road that ran through the Shire to and from their mines in theBlue

Mountains,and the occasionalElveson their way to theGrey Havens.

This peaceful situation changed afterBilbo Baggins's acquisition of theOne Ringin the year 1341 of the

Shire Reckoning (Third Age 2941). Shortly after the beginning of the events described inThe Lord of the

Rings(autumn of SR 1418), the Shire was first visited by the Nine Ringwraithsand then captured

bySarumanthrough his underlingLotho Sackville-Baggins,who turned the Shire into a police state and

began a massive campaign to industrialize it, bringing widespread misery and severely damaging its

ecology. It was liberated with the help ofFrodo,Sam,Merry,andPippinafter the end of the Quest of the

Ring through their victory at theBattle of Bywater.After Aragorn's return as the King ofArnorandGondor,

the Shire became a protectedenclaveinside theReunited Kingdom.Aragorn is known to have issued an

edict that forbade the entrance of full-sizedMeninto the Shire. The Shire was soon restored with magic soil

fromGaladriel'sLriengarden (presented as a gift to Sam). The year SR 1420 was considered by the

inhabitants of the Shire to be the most productive and prosperous year in their history.

Government[edit]

The Shire was a voluntarily orderly society.[45]

The only government services were the Message Service(the

post) and the Watch, the police, whose officers were called Shirriffs, and whose chief duties involved

rounding up stray livestock. The total number of regular Shirriffs was 12, three for each Farthing. There was

also a somewhat larger and fluctuating number of Bounders, a kind of unofficial border control. At the

beginning of The Lord of the Rings, there were many more Bounders than had been required for centuries,

and they were unusually busy: one of the few signs obvious to the Hobbits of the Shire of the troubled

times.
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rg/wiki/Reunited_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bywaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrin_Tookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meriadoc_Brandybuckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Gamgeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frodo_Bagginshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotho_Sackville-Bagginshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarumanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringwraithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Ringshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Ringshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Ringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilbo_Bagginshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Havenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf_(Middle-earth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mountains_(Middle-earth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mountains_(Middle-earth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_(Middle-earth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAnedainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandybuck_clanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angmarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argeleb_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthedainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easterlingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirkwoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhudaurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardolanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnor


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To a large extent, individual families and clans handled their own internal affairs. Where a prominent family

was associated with a certain district, the head of that family would also exercise a kind of authority over his

area. Thus, theMaster of the Hallor Master of Buckland(the two titles are used interchangeably),

hereditary head of the Brandybuck family, was the effective ruler of Buckland. The title Master of the

Hallcomes from his more immediate authority over Brandy Hall, the greatest of the dwelling places of the

Brandybuck family, filling Buck Hill in Bucklebury. The Master also exercises a good deal of authority in the

Marish, a region of the Eastfarthing just across the Brandywine from Buckland. Similarly, the head of the

Took family, often just called the Took, ruled the ancestral Took dwelling of Great Smials, the village of

Tuckborough, and the wider area known as the Tookland.

There were only two Shire-wide officials, theThainand theMayor.The Thainship was a hereditary office,

set up after the collapse of theKingdom of Arthedain,to hold the King's authority over the Shire. In practice,

the Thain's duties were limited, mostly related to defence: "The Thain was the master of the Shire-moot,

and captain of the Shire-muster and theHobbitry-in-arms;but as muster and moot were only held in times

of emergency, which no longer occurred, the Thainship had ceased to be more than a nominal

dignity."Nevertheless, the feeling remained widespread that, in the absence of a King, the Thain was the

source for all proper authority in the Shire, and during Saruman's intervention in the Shire inS.R.1419,

Thain Paladin II, aided by many Hobbits and particularly his Took clan, led armed opposition to Saruman's

forces from his capital at Tuckborough.

When Frodo left the Shire at the outset of The Lord of the RingsS.R.1418, the office of Thain had existed

for 1,039 years. The first Thain, Bucca of the Marish, took office inS.R.379; he and his 11 successors of

the Oldbuck family held the Thainship for 361 years. When Gorhendad Oldbuck led his family to settle

Buckland (S.R. 740), the office of Thain passed to Isumbras I, head of the Took family, which held the

Thainship ever since. InS.R.1418, the Thain was Paladin II, the 31st Thain and the 19th of the Took line.

Thains of the Shire include:

Bucca of the Marish (379-?)

11 Thains of the Oldbuck line, possibly including Gorhendad Oldbuck, who removed to Buckland

Isumbras I Took (740-?)

[8 Thains of the Took line]

Isengrim II (?-1122)

Isumbras III (11221159)

Ferumbras II (11591201)

Fortinbras I (12011248)

Gerontius, the Old Took (12481320)

Isengrim III (13201330)

Isumbras IV (13301339)

Fortinbras II (13391380)
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Ferumbras III (13801415)

Paladin II (14151434)

Peregrin(14341484, abdicated)

Faramir (1484-?)

The chief official of the Shire was the Mayor of Michel Delving. Elected every seven years at the "Free

Fair" held on the White Downs in the Westfarthing, the Mayor was the Postmaster and First Shirriff of the

Shire.

The Hobbits of the Shire generally obeyed the Rules, that is, the ancient laws of the North Kingdom, and

there was no real need to enforce them; all Hobbits voluntarily obeyed them as they were both ancient and

just. Hobbits had lawyers, but these dealt mostly with wills and such matters; there is no record of a formal

court system, still less of criminal prosecutions or punishments. Frodo stated that in the Shire no Hobbit had

ever been known intentionally to kill another Hobbit.Smagol's wicked behaviour, including his murder

ofDagol(which occurred outside the Shire), led Frodo to doubt that Smagol was a hobbit at all. Of

course, it is probable that Smagol's treachery was the result of the Ring's influence; the books make it

clear that the Ring could tempt individuals to perform terrible acts.

At the resumption of the throne by KingElessar,the Shire again became part of the restored Kingdom of

Arnor. Elessar permitted the Hobbits to keep their own laws and customs. (The office of Thain was also left

undisturbed.) In 1427, Elessar issued an edict prohibiting Men from entering the Shire and declaring it a

Free Land under the protection of Arnor.

See also[edit]

M iddle-earth portal

Wikimedia Commons has

media related toThe Shir e.

Thains of the Shire

List of hobbit families

Gandalf

References[edit]

1. Jump up^The Return of the King, Appendix F

2. Jump up^Tolkien, The Peoples of Middle-earth, Vol. XII of The History of Middle-earth, p. 45.

3. Jump up^Vinyar Tengwar#31, pp. 21-2

4. Jump up^Tolkien takes a league to be 3 miles, see Unfinished Tales, The Disaster of the Gladden

Fields, Appendix on Nmenrean Measure.

5. ^Jump up to:abThe Fellowship of the Ring, Prologue
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrin_Tookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrin_Tookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%A9agolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%A9agolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%A9agolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9agolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9agolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9agolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shire_(Middle-earth)&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shire_(Middle-earth)&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shire_(Middle-earth)&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Middle-earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Middle-earthhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Shirehttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Shirehttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Shirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thains_of_the_Shirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thains_of_the_Shirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hobbit_familieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hobbit_familieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandalfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandalfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shire_(Middle-earth)&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shire_(Middle-earth)&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shire_(Middle-earth)&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-AppF_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-AppF_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyar_Tengwarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyar_Tengwarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyar_Tengwarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-Prologue_5-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-Prologue_5-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-Prologue_5-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-Prologue_5-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-Prologue_5-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-Prologue_5-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arda.Tengwar.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arda.Tengwar.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-Prologue_5-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-Prologue_5-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyar_Tengwarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-AppF_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shire_(Middle-earth)&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandalfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hobbit_familieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thains_of_the_Shirehttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Shirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Middle-earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shire_(Middle-earth)&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9agolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%A9agolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrin_Took


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6. Jump up^Guide to the Names.

7. Jump up^Guide to the Names, entry on "Farthing".

8. Jump up^Tom Shippey, Tolkien and the West Midlands: The Roots of Romance , Lembas Extra

(1995), reprinted in Roots and Branches, Walking Tree Publishers (2007);map

9. Jump up^Shippey (2007), p. 56

10. ^Jump up to:abcdThe Fellowship of the Ring, "Prologue" : "Of the Ordering of the Shire".

11. ^Jump up to:abcdefghijklm

The Fellowship of the Ring, Map of a part of the Shire.

12. Jump up^"Moreton-in-Marsh Tourist Information and Travel Guide".cotswolds.info. Retrieved 12

August 2013.

13. ^Jump up to:abcdefghijThe Return of the King, Appendix B.

14. ^Jump up to:abcdefgThe Fellowship of the Ring, "A Conspiracy Unmasked".

15. ^Jump up to:

a

b

c

d

e

f

The Return of the King

, "The Grey Havens".

16. Jump up^The Fellowship of the Ring, "The Ring Goes South": "Except on the high moors of the

Northfarthing a heavy fall was rare in the Shire".

17. Jump up^The Return of the King, "The Scouring of the Shire": "the only battle since Greenfields, 1147,

away up in the Northfarthing".

18. Jump up^The Return of the King, Appendix C.

19. Jump up^Hammond and Scull, p. 665.

20. Jump up^Guide to the Names, entry for "Hardbottle".

21. Jump up^Hammond and Scull, p. lvii.

22. ^Jump up to:abcdeThe Fellowship of the Ring, "Prologue" : "Concerning Hobbits".

23. Jump up^The Lord of the Rings, General Map.

24. Jump up^Hammond and Scull, p. 26.

25. ^Jump up to:abcdThe Return of the King, "The Scouring of the Shire".

26. Jump up^The Fellowship of the Ring, "At the Sign of the Prancing Pony".

27. Jump up^The Hobbit, "The Last Stage".

28. Jump up^The Fellowship of the Ring, "The Ring Goes South".

29. Jump up^The Fellowship of the Ring, "A Journey in the Dark".

30. Jump up^Foster, entry for "Waymeet".

31. Jump up^The Brandywine Bridge was built in the days of the North Kingdom ("Prologue" : "Concerning

Hobbits"), but Sarn Ford was used as a crossing far earlier (Unfinished Tales, "History of Galadriel and

Celeborn", p. 239).

32. Jump up^The Fellowship of the Ring, "The Shadow of the Past".

33. Jump up^The Fellowship of the Ring, "A Long Expected Party".

34. Jump up^Carpenter, Humphrey(1977), Tolkien: A Biography, New York: Ballantine Books,ISBN 0-04-

928037-6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)#cite_ref-8http://maps.google.de/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=de&om=1&msa=0&msid=108471754903242205397.00000112a38e1

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