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What are Shop Drawings and Why are they Used?
Shop Drawings are drawings, diagrams, schedules and other data specially prepared for the Work by the Contractor or a Subcontractor, Sub-subcontractor, manufacturer, supplier or distributor to illustrate some portion of the Work.
(AIA Document A201-2007, General Conditions of the Contract for Construction, Section 3.12.1)
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How are Shop Drawings Reviewed?
• Contractor ensures that the construction process is feasible and safe
• A/E ensures the final adequacy and safety of the structure
• AIA Document A201-2007, Section 4.2.7The Architect will review and approve or take other appropriate action upon the Contractor’s submittals such as Shop Drawings, Product Data and Samples, but only for the limited purpose of checking for conformance with information given and the design concept expressed in the Contract Documents
•AIA Document A201-2007, Section 4.2.7The Architect’s review shall not constitute approval of safety precautions or, unless otherwise specifically stated by the Architect, of any construction means,methods, techniques, sequences or procedures
• AIA Document A201-2007, Section 3.12.6By submitting Shop Drawings, Product Data, Samples and similar submittals, the Contractor represents to the Owner and Architect that the Contractor has (1) reviewed and approved them, (2) determined and verified materials, field measurements and field construction criteria related thereto, or will do so and (3) checked and coordinated the information contained within such submittals with the requirements of the Work and of the Contract Documents.
How are Shop Drawings Reviewed? (cont’d)
Interpretation of Shop DrawingsAIA Document A201-2007, Section 3.12.8
The Work shall be in accordance with approved submittals except that the Contractor shall not be relieved of responsibility for deviations from requirements of the Contract Documents by the Architect’s approval of Shop Drawings, Product Data, Samples or similar submittals unless the Contractor has specifically informed the Architect in writing of such deviation at the time of submittal and (1) the Architect has given written approval to the specificdeviation as a minor change in the Work, or (2) a Change Order or Construction Change Directive has been issued authorizing thedeviation. The Contractor shall not be relieved of responsibility for errors or omissions in Shop Drawings, Product Data, Samples or similar submittals by the Architect’s approval thereof.
AIA Document A201-2007, Section 4.2.7
The Architect’s action [on shop drawings] will be taken in accordance with the submittal schedule approved by the Architect or, in the absence of an approved submittal schedule, with reasonable promptness while allowing sufficient time in the Architect’s professional judgment to permit adequate review.
Delays in the Shop Drawing Review Process
SHOP DRAWING REVIEW STAMPReview and approval of the within drawing are only for conformance with the general design concept of the Project as generally expressed in the Contract Documents. Review and approval of the within drawing are not conducted for the purpose of determining the accuracy and completeness of details, like dimensions or quantities, or for substantiating instructions for the installation or performance of equipment or systems, all of which remain the responsibility of the Contractor as required by the Contract Documents. The Design Professional's review and approval shall not constitute approval of any construction means, methods, techniques, sequences, or any safety precautions or procedures. The Design Professional's approval of a specific item shall not indicate approval of any assembly of which the item is a component.
Minimizing Exposure
AIA Document A201-2007:Section 7.2.1A Change Order is a written instrument prepared by the Architect and signed by the Owner, Contractor and Architect stating their agreement upon all of the following:
1.The change in the Work;2.The amount of the adjustment, if any, in the Contract Sum;
and3.The extent of the adjustment, if any, in the Contract Time
Changes in the Work
• Section 7.3.1• A Construction Change Directive is a written order
prepared by the Architect and signed by the Owner and Architect, directing a change in the Work prior to agreement on adjustment, if any, in the Contract Sum or Contract Time, or both. The Owner may by Construction Change Directive, without invalidating the Contract, order changes in the Work within the general scope of the Contract consisting of additions, deletions or other revisions, the Contract Sum and Contract Time being adjusted accordingly.
Changes in the Work (cont’d)
• Section 7.3.2• A Construction Change Directive shall be used in the
absence of total agreement on the terms of a Change.• Section 7.3.5• Upon receipt of a Construction Change Directive, the
Contractor shall promptly proceed with the change in the Work involved and advise the Architect of the Contractors agreement or disagreement with the method, if any, provided in the Construction Directive for determining the proposed adjustment in the Contract Sum or Contract Time.
Changes in the Work (cont’d)
• AIA Document A201-2007 Section 4.2.11• The Architect will interpret and decide matters
concerning performance under, and requirements of, the Contract Documents on written request of either the Owner or Contractor. The Architect’s response to such requests will be made in writing within any time limits agreed upon or otherwise with reasonable promptness.
Requests For Information
Questions & Answers
Responsibilities of Design Professional• Review submittals in a timely manner• Identify which specified submittals, if any, are missing• Confirm general conformance with the Contract
Documents• Flag aspects which are not in conformance• Mark submittals with appropriate “actions”• Qualify any comments made based on incomplete
information• Issue notices in the event that any field work is not in
conformance with approved submittals or was performed in the absence of approved submittals
Responsibilities of Contractor
• Submit shop drawings (and resubmittals) in a timely manner
• Maintain an up-to-date submittal log• Certify conformance with the Contract Documents• Coordinate the work of the subcontractors and suppliers• Take the actions marked on the submittals by the A/E• Submit complete and coordinated shop drawings• Perform only that work which has been approved
Categories of Shop Drawing Information
• Procedural Information– Project Name & Number– Contact Info for Contractor, Fabricator, and Detailer– Contact Info for Contractor’s Engineer (if applicable)– Date, drawing number and version number of each drawing– Total number of sheets in ultimate set of shop drawings
• Substantive Information– Shop standards– Components and assemblies– Quantities and dimensions– Quality and finish indications– Cross-references to relevant details– Indications of areas where add’l info is required from A/E
Critical Contents of Shop Drawings• Coherent• Complete
– with respect to scope and quantities– with respect to engineering (if required)
• Conforming– with the Contract Documents– with applicable Codes and Standards
• Coordinated– with other trades– between shop and field operations– with other submittals
• Configured– to allow for moisture and temperature effects– to allow for variations among materials
Critical Contents of Shop Drawings• Connected
– within the trade– to the work of other trades
• Constructable– within the trade– with the work of other trades
• Consistent– with the Construction Documents (drawings and specs)– with trade jurisdictions– with the contractor/subcontractor/supplier contracts– with the proposed construction sequence
• Cross-referenced– between pieces and assemblies– between the piece drawings and the actual pieces
A/E Shop Drawing Review Actions
• Actions which permit fabrication to proceed:– “Approved” or “Authorized” or “No Exceptions Taken”– “Approved as Noted” or “Authorized as Noted”– “Revise & Resubmit for Record Only”
• Actions which prohibit the start of fabrication:– Revise & Resubmit– Rejected– Incomplete
• Other potential actions:– Not reviewed (indicates lack of jurisdiction or responsibility)
Shop Drawing “Games”• Games A/Es Like to Play:
– Completing their design work during shop drawing review– Refusing to approve shop drawings until they are “clean”– Enhancing materials and/or expanding scope without notice
• Games Contractors Like to Play:– Requesting approval of drawings which are incomplete– Requesting partial approvals in the absence of contextual
info– Demanding expedited turnaround of complex aspects
• Games Fabricators & Detailers Like to Play:– Refusing to verify dimensions and conditions in the field– Failing to coordinate with materials and assemblies of others– Cheapening materials and/or reducing scope without notice– Failing to respect requirements for “non-proprietary” aspects
