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1 Short Course on Meteorological Applications of Aircraft Weather Data Introduction and Brief History January 14, 2007 David Helms [email protected] NOAA/NWS Office of Science and Technology
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Short Course on Meteorological Applications of
Aircraft Weather Data
Introduction and Brief History
January 14, 2007
David [email protected]
NOAA/NWS Office of Science and Technology
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• Background• Data Collection Attributes• Future Enhancements
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First Weather Bureau and First Weather Bureau and Regional Airline CollaborationRegional Airline Collaboration
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What is AMDAR?What is AMDAR?
Aircraft Meteorological DAat and Reporting (AMDAR):• An international effort within the World Meteorological Organization
(WMO) to coordinate the collection o f environmental observations from commercial aircraft
U.S. AMDAR - Meteorological Data Collection and Reporting System (MDCRS): • A private/public partnership facilitating the collection of atmospheric
measurements from commercial aircraft to improve aviation safety
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What is U.S. AMDAR?What is U.S. AMDAR?
Participants: • American, Delta, FedEx, Northwest, Southwest, United, UPS• NOAA and FAA
U.S. AMDAR Program has been collecting wind and temperature observations from commercial aircraft since
the early 1980’s with dramatic increases after 1991. CONUS: 150,000 Observations
per Day
25 50 75
10
20
30
40
50
100 125255075100125
290 mph 600 mph
DescentAscent
+5min
+10min
+22min
Aircraft Climb Rate: ~1.5kft/min Aircraft Descent Rate: ~1.0kft/min
-28min
-20min
-10min+10min
+20min
+30min
+50min
+40min
Avg Wind: 60 Kts
600 mphAircraft Speed
Kft
Balloon Climb Rate: ~1.0kft/min
Distance (NM) Distance (NM)
AMDAR Data Collection:AMDAR Data Collection:Comparison to RadiosondeComparison to Radiosonde
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AMDAR Data Collection:AMDAR Data Collection:“Salad Bowl” Effect“Salad Bowl” Effect
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Avg # Reports per 6hr Cycle (+/- 3 hr window)
per Layer
Cou
nt b
y Pr
essu
re L
ayer
(mb)
Temperature Observation CountsNorth American Domain (20-70 North, 60-140 West)
January 2006
2500 Aircraft Obs vs. 200 Radiosonde Obs per Layer
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Avg # Reports per 6hr Cycle (+/- 3 hr window)
per Layer
Cou
nt b
y Pr
essu
re L
ayer
(mb)
Wind Observation CountsNorth American Domain (20-70 North, 60-140 West)
January 2006
2500 Aircraft Obs vs. 200 Radiosonde Obs per Layer
Max Count = VAD Winds
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Avg # Reports per 6hr Cycle (+/- 3 hr window)
per Layer
Cou
nt b
y Pr
essu
re L
ayer
(mb)
Relative Humidity Observation CountsNorth American Domain (20-70 North, 60-140 West)
January 2006
300 Aircraft Obs vs. 170 Radiosonde Obs per Layer
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AMDAR Data Collection:AMDAR Data Collection:Sampling FrequencySampling Frequency
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AMDAR Data Collection:AMDAR Data Collection:Ascent/Descent Sampling FrequencyAscent/Descent Sampling Frequency
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AMDAR Data Collection:AMDAR Data Collection:En Route Sampling FrequencyEn Route Sampling Frequency
14MDCRS Data: Surface to 15K ft MDCRS Data: 15Kft to 40K ft
Most Observations Above 25K ft
Most Ascents/DescentsIn the Midwest and
East and West Coasts
AMDAR Data Collection:AMDAR Data Collection:Spatial CoverageSpatial Coverage
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Weekly Data Availability Varies by 40%
Daily Data AvailabilityVaries by 60%
AMDAR Data Collection:AMDAR Data Collection:Temporal CoverageTemporal Coverage
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AMDAR Data Collection: AMDAR Data Collection: Sometimes too much data??Sometimes too much data??
Numbers indicate average number of ascent/descent soundings per day during the week of April 10, 2005
157
100
208
64
96
DAL: 31DFW: 23AFW: 10
64
135
53 20
151
18
131
LAX:120SAN: 24ONT: 23BUR: 3
170
54SFO: 78OAK: 39SMF: 10MHR: 7SJC: 7FAT: 1
142
JFK: 64EWR: 39LGA: 32
135
43
15
22
24
35
31
6
7
13
13
10
10
175
64
714
5
518
22
8
2
88
13
7
8
5
91
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Average Daily MDCRS Aircraft Soundings(Ascents and Descents)
2615
13
13
9
9
9
7
7
7
5
5
5
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
11
96
142
3170
1
4
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AMDAR Data Collection: AMDAR Data Collection: Not Currently Dynamically ScalableNot Currently Dynamically Scalable
Day 1 Outlook: Probability of Damaging Winds
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AMDAR Future: AMDAR Future: Building on our SuccessBuilding on our Success
• Water Vapor Sensor System (WVSS II) • 25 sensors installed on UPS B-757• Assessment commenced March 2005
• TAMDAR:• 60 sensors installed on Mesaba Saab 340 Aircraft• Assessment commenced December 2004
Adding Water Vapor to Data Collection:
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AMDAR Links:AMDAR Flyerhttp://www.wmo.ch/web/aom/amprog/Publications/Final%20Production%20AMDAR%20Flyer.pdf
U.S. AMDAR Pagehttp://amdar.noaa.gov/
Automated Meteorological Reports from Commercial Aircraft by Bill Moninger, Rich Mamrosh, and Pat Pauley (2003). Published in the February, 2003 issue of the Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 84, 203-216. http://amdar.noaa.gov/docs/bams/
Optimization Requirements Document for the Meteorological Data Collection and Reporting System / Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay System, 2006, submitted to NOAA by ARINC.http://amdar.noaa.gov/docs/ARINC_Optimization_%20Req_March2006.pdf
Regional Jet GrowthFrom
FAA Registrations, 1995-2004
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RJs: An Untapped Resource RJs: An Untapped Resource May 2003May 2003
RJ Airframes
