55
Shrine of Faqeerullah Shah Alvi, Shikarpur
PAKISTAN EMERGENCY SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
September 2012
“Disaster risk reduction has been a part of USAID’s work for decades. ……..we strive to do so in ways that better assess the threat of hazards, reduce losses, and ultimately protect and save
more people during the next disaster.” Kasey Channell,
Acting Director of the Disaster Response and Mitigation Division of USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)
District Shikarpur
“Disasters can be seen as often as predictable events, requiring forward planning which is integrated in to broader development programs.”
Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator, Bureau of Crisis Preven on and Recovery. Annual Report 2011
Credits
Authors:
Naeem Ahmad, Zohaib Omer, Mutee Ul Rehman, Salman Mulk, Sumbal Kazmi, Anne Qureshi, Omer Younus, Zeeshan Nabi Bukhsh, Shazia Kanwal, and Farooq Laghari
Contributors:
Hadya Ali, Dr. Ahmad Ali Malik, Hussain Mughal, Zohaib Fazal, Sadia Ishrat, Pervaiz Ahmed, Khurram Shahid, Shakeel Ahmed and Raheeb Muzaffar
Editorial Reviews:
Fayyaz Ali Khan, Craig Von Hagen and Mehdi Bokhari
Desktop Publishing:
Noman Ali and Sarfaraz Ayub
GIS Analyses and Mapping:
Imra Shaheen, Naveed Alam, Qasim Jan, Jarjaish Hussain, Mubashir Hassan, and Fayyaz Ahmad
Administrative Support:
Wajid Ali
Disclaimer
iMMAP Pakistan is pleased to publish this district profile. The purpose of this profile is to promote public awareness, welfare, and safety while providing community and other related stakeholders, access to vital information for enhancing their disaster mitigation and response efforts.
While iMMAP team has tried its best to provide proper source of information and ensure consistency in analyses within the given time limits; iMMAP shall not be held responsible for any inaccuracies that may be encountered. In any situation where the Official Public Records differs from the information provided in this district profile, the Official Public Records should take as precedence.
iMMAP disclaims any responsibility and makes no representations or warranties as to the quality, accuracy, content, or completeness of any information contained in this report. Final assessment of accuracy and reliability of information is the responsibility of the user.
iMMAP shall not be liable for damages of any nature whatsoever resulting from the use or misuse of information contained in this report. The user agrees to indemnify and hold harmless iMMAP and anyone involved in storing, retrieving, or displaying this information for any damage of any type that may be caused by using this information.
The terms used and the maps presented in this profile do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of iMMAP and USAID concerning the legal status and the area of any administrative unit or its authorities.
NOTE:
This district profile is a live document and it will continue to improve based on its users feedback and upon availability of more accurate and authenticated sources as and when they become available. It’s not always possible to publish these profiles in hardcopy format; however iMMAP will ensure that these updates are made available on DRR Pakistan Information Management Portal. For updated version of following profile, please visit www.drrpakistan.pk/pesa.
Any questions/ comments concerning information presented in this report can be addressed to:
iMMAP Pakistan Services Desk
H.# 25, College Road, F-7/2, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: +92.51.835.0755
eMail: [email protected]
Foreword
Timely response to a disaster may save precious human lives and reduce economic costs. However, natural disasters, typically, occur unexpectedly. Consequently, in most cases, the afflicted population lacks the necessary tools and capacity to handle such tragic occurrences and the devastation is manifold more than it should be. “Before the next disaster hits, now is the time to recommit to making smart investments that save lives, property, and money. Whether at home or abroad, measures to improve response, increase disaster management capacity, plan and prepare, can have dramatic dividends.” (Kasey Channell: Acting Director of the Disaster Response Team for USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance.) It is so true, as preparation for unexpected calamities is a tough task. However, if certain precautions are taken, they might lessen the overall damage. This series of district profiles, prepared by iMMAP and funded by USAID, is one such effort to enhance Government of Pakistan, humanitarian organizations and all other stakeholders’ efforts towards rapid needs assessment, disaster response and mitigation. These profiles are divided into four sections namely background information, disaster history and its impact, hazard vulnerability and capacity assessment (HVCA) and coordination and support services. Background information provides an overview of history, geography, culture, and communication infrastructure. It also provides detailed analyses of demography, livelihood, food security, health and education. The second section provides detailed history of disasters in the district; information about losses and damages; and gap analyses of above mentioned sectors. HVCA section provides detailed analyses of district hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities that exist in the local community. Coordination and support services section gives information on whom to contact in emergency/disaster situations. The motivation stems from the idea that at the time of disaster all the stakeholders in general and the donors and disaster managers in particular can have a fair idea of what to expect and how to prepare for. It is expected that this contribution of USAID and iMMAP would lead to a well-coordinated and coherent response by different humanitarian organization on managing similar disasters. Having stated the above, it is very candidly admitted that these profiles are by no means exhaustive and in fact require a lot more input to qualify these as good enough documents for disaster preparedness. However, these are live documents and would be improved upon as and when required. There appears to be an element of repetition, which is owed to the fact that while these documents depict the district profiles in normal circumstances, the same then provide a detail account of the impact of the 2010/2011 floods, the assistance provided by the government and the humanitarian organizations and the remaining gaps. While selecting districts, priority has been given to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) identified disaster prone districts for 2012. Due to time and resources constraints, the information provided in these profiles is mainly based on secondary source data. Depending on the end users’ response and funding availability, this exercise would be extended to other districts of the country.
Major (Rtd.) Tahir Iqbal Chairman
iMMAP Pakistan
Table of Contents District at a Glance ........................................................................................................................... i
Shikarpur Reference Map ................................................................................................................ii
Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ iii
1 Background Information ................................................................ ................................ 1
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 History ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Geography ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.3 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics) ................................................................... 2
1.1.4 Administrative Division ............................................................................................. 2
1.1.5 Road Network Infrastructure .................................................................................... 3
1.1.6 Irrigation.................................................................................................................... 3
1.1.7 Solid Waste Management ......................................................................................... 4
1.2 Demography ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.1 Population Characteristics ........................................................................................ 5
1.2.2 Population Growth Pattern ....................................................................................... 6
1.2.3 Population Distribution by Age and Gender ............................................................. 6
1.2.4 Dependent Population .............................................................................................. 6
Population Reference Map ..................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Livelihood ......................................................................................................................... 9
1.3.1 Main Sources of Livelihood/Income ......................................................................... 9
1.3.2 Agriculture .............................................................................................................. 10
1.3.3 Industry ................................................................................................................... 11
1.3.4 Livestock .................................................................................................................. 12
1.4 Food Security .................................................................................................................. 13
1.4.1 Availability ............................................................................................................... 13
1.4.2 Access ...................................................................................................................... 14
1.4.3 Utilization ................................................................................................................ 15
1.5 Health ............................................................................................................................. 16
1.5.1 Details of Health Facilities ....................................................................................... 16
Shikarpur Health Facility Map ............................................................................................... 17
1.6 Education ........................................................................................................................ 18
1.6.1 Some Highlights ...................................................................................................... 18
1.6.2 District School Enrolment Ratio .............................................................................. 18
1.6.3 Gender and Level Wise Details ............................................................................... 19
2 Disaster History and Its Impact ............................................................................................. 22
2.1 Disaster in Shikarpur ...................................................................................................... 22
2.1.1 Disaster History ....................................................................................................... 22
Shikarpur Risk Analysis Map ................................................................................................. 23
Shikarpur Possible Safe Locations Map ................................................................................ 24
2.2 Disaster Impact............................................................................................................... 25
2.2.1 Demography ............................................................................................................ 25
Affected Population Density Map ......................................................................................... 27
2.2.2 Livelihood ................................................................................................................ 28
2.2.3 Damage to Agriculture: ........................................................................................... 28
2.2.4 Analysis of Food Security Situation ......................................................................... 31
2.2.5 Health ...................................................................................................................... 31
2.2.6 Education ................................................................................................................ 32
3 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis .......................................................................... 33
3.1 Hazard ............................................................................................................................ 33
3.1.1 Natural hazard ........................................................................................................ 33
3.1.2 Man-made hazard ................................................................................................... 33
3.2 Vulnerability ................................................................................................................... 34
3.2.1 Physical/material vulnerability: .............................................................................. 34
3.2.2 Social/organizational vulnerability: ........................................................................ 34
3.2.3 Attitudinal/motivational vulnerability: ................................................................... 34
3.3 Capacity .......................................................................................................................... 36
3.3.1 Physical/material capacity: ..................................................................................... 36
3.3.2 Social /organizational capacity: .............................................................................. 36
3.3.3 Attitudinal/motivational capacity: .......................................................................... 36
Hazard Analysis Map ............................................................................................................. 39
4 Coordination and Support Services ...................................................................................... 40
4.1 Important Contacts ........................................................................................................ 40
4.1.1 Departmental Focal Points ..................................................................................... 40
4.1.2 List of Taluka Nazims with Address......................................................................... 40
4.1.3 List of NGOs Working in Shikarpur ......................................................................... 40
4.2 Health Facilities .............................................................................................................. 41
4.2.1 List of BHUs ............................................................................................................. 41
4.2.2 List of RHCs.............................................................................................................. 42
4.2.3 List of Dispensaries ................................................................................................. 42
4.2.4 List of Hospitals ....................................................................................................... 42
4.2.5 List of Maternal and Child Health Centres .............................................................. 42
List of Tables and Maps List of Tables
SR # Name Page 1.1.1 Administrative Division of District Shikarpur 3 1.1.2 Road Network Infrastructure of District Shikarpur 3 1.1.3 Mouzas Reporting Sources of Irrigation 4 1.2.1 Estimated Population of District Shikarpur for 2010 5 1.2.2 Population Details by Taluka 7 1.3.1 Number of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment 9 1.3.2 Food and cash crops cultivated in district Shikarpur 10 1.4.1 Number of Mouza Reporting Major Crops 13
1.4.2 Distance of Mouzas from Wholesale Markets 14
1.4.3 Percentage Distribution of HH by Source of Drinking Water 15
1.4.4 Percentage Distribution of HH by Type of Toilet 15
1.5.1 Number of Health Facilities by Type 16 1.6.1 Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Gender and Locality at Different levels 18 1.6.2 Enrolment and Educational Facilities by level and Gender 20 2.2.1 Summary of Losses and Damages 25 2.2.2 Summary of Losses and Damages by Taluka for 2010 25 2.2.3 Crop Area Affected in District Shikarpur 28
List of Maps 1 Shikarpur Reference Map ii 2 Population Reference Map 8 3 Shikarpur Health Facility Map 17 4 Shikarpur Risk Analysis Map 22 5 Shikarpur Possible Safe Location Map 23 6 Affected Population Density Map 26 7 Hazard Analysis Map 38
i
District at a Glance Area 2,5121 Sq.Kms. Population - 1998 880,438 persons
Male 456,589 (51.86 %) Female 423,849 (48.14 %)
Sex Ratio (males per 100 females) 107.7 Population Density 350.5 per Sq. Km
Urban Population 211,979 (24.08 %) Rural Population 668,459 (75.42 %)
Average Household Size 5.9 Literacy Ratio (10 +) 31.9 %
Male 44.95 % Female 18.04 %
Population - 1981 596,409 persons Average Annual Growth Rate (1981 - 98) 2.32 % Total Housing Units 149,758
Pacca Housing Units 20,849 (13.92 %) Housing Units having Electricity 104,794 (69.97 %)
Housing Units having Piped Water 30,389 (20.29 %) Housing Units using Gas for Cooking 20,368 (13.60 %)
Administrative Units Talukas 04
Union Councils 47 Mauzas 2401
Municipal Committee 01 Town Committees 06
Registered Voters2 487,227 Male 257,456
Female 229,771
1 Current Area according to UN is 2,589 Km2 and total revenue villages are 222 2 http://www.ecp.gov.pk/VoterStats/Sindh.aspx
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Acronymsiii
ACO Agriculture Census Organization BHU Basic Health Unit CFW Cash For Work DCR District Census Report DDRMP District Disaster Risk Management Plan ECP Election Commission of Pakistan FAO Food and Agricultural Organization GER Gross Enrolment Rate GOS Government of Sindh GoS Government of Sindh HH Household NADRA National Database and Registration Authority NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NDP National Drainage Programme NER Net Enrolment Rate NFIs Non-Food Items NGO Non-Governmental Organization NHA National Highway Authority PBS Pakistan Bureau of Statistics PCO Population Census Organization PDMA Provincial Disaster Management Authority PLW Pregnant and Lactating Women PSLM Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey RHC Rural Health Centre RSU Reform Support Unit SDPI Sustainable Development Policy Institute SMCs School Member Committees SUPARCO Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission UC Union Council UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR1
1 Background Information 1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 History Around 400 years ago, the area of district Shikarpur used to be a forests near Indus River, inundated with waters. Mehr and Jatoi Tribes used to visit this area for hunting purposes. Since this region was used for hunting (shikar), so it was named accordingly as Shikarpur . Two Abbasi families, Kalhoro and Daudpota, ruled Sindh for long time. Abbasi are of Arabic origin and descent from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566 – 662) a paternal uncle and Sahabi (companion) of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as well as a progenitor of the Abbasi Khalifa of Baghdad and Qahira. Sultan Ahmad II, son of Shah Muzammil of Egypt left that country and arrived in Sindh with a large following of Arabs ca. 1370. He married the daughter of Raja Rai Dhorang Sahta and received a third of the country in dowry. Amir Fathu'llah Khan Abbasi, is the recognized ancestor of the dynasty. Afterwards, the leadership of the tribe was contested between two branches of the family, the Daudpota and the Kalhoro. Amir Bahadur Khan Abbasi abandoned Tarai and settled near Bhakkar, founding the town of Shikarpur in 1690.
Shikarpur is historically significant district and used to be the main hub of cultural and business venture for the passengers coming from Asia Minor, Kabul, Qandhaar, Tashkent, and Bukhara. The city of Shikarpur also had trade contacts with Baghdad, Bombay, Kolkatta and China. Before the British rule, Sindh has three major districts - Hyderabad, Shikarpur, and Karachi. Shikarpur was announced as a district in 1843. During this period Reserve Bank of India was also established in Shikarpur city. This building still exists in the city.
People of this district participated significantly in the Independence Movement, Tehreek-e-Khilafat and also Raishmi Romaal Tehreek . When Sindh was given the status of separate province in 1937; Sir Ghulam Hussain Hayatullah from Shikarpur was appointed as the first Chief Minister of the province. Later he was also appointed as first Governor of Sindh on Aug. 14, 1947.
1.1.2 Geography Shikarpur district is bounded on the north by Talukas Jacobabad, Thuland and Kandhkot of district Jacobabad, on the south by river Indus and Khairpur, on the west by district Larkana and on the east by Indus River and Sukher district. The district lies from 27o-38' to 28o-10' north latitudes and 68o-16' to 69o-05' east longitudes.
Shikarpur district is a plain formed by the river Indus. There are no mountains or hills formations in Shikarpur district. The land gently slopes from north-west to south east. The general elevation of the land surface varies from about 50 to 100 meters above sea level.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION2
The district witnesses extremes of climate. The summer season commences from April and continues till October. May, June and July are the hottest months. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during this period are about 42c and 28c respectively. The months of August and September become stuffy and suffocating. The mean maximum and minimum temperature during the winter months of December, January and February is about 24c and 9c respectively.
1.1.3 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics) Shikarpur has been the seat of civilisation, culture, trade and commerce. It acquired political and economic importance because of its strategic location on the map of Sindh, being directly accessible to those who came from Central and West Asia through the Bolan Pass. As per the 1998 census of the country, Shikarpur district had a population of 0.880 Million out of which 0.212 million (24%) was urban. Majority of the population is Muslim i.e. 98.03%, following the minorities of Hindus 1.8% and Christians 0.09%. Hindus form 6.14% of the urban population of the district. Sindhi is the most commonly spoken language in the district as it is spoken by 95.7% of the population. Other languages like Urdu, Balochi, Punjabi, Serayki and Pashto are also spoken3.
Shikarpur is famous for its Aachar (pickle) and sweets from Mola Bukhsh Memon. It has a large market and manufactures of cotton, cloth and pottery. The city has rich history and cultural heritage. Shikarpur used to be called "Paris of East" because of its modern buildings built on the pattern of Shanzelize and its Perfume (Ittar) industry4.
Pakistan People Party Parliamentarians (PPPP), Pakistan Muslim League (Q), National People Party and nationalist parties are prominent in the political arena of this district. However, PPPP is the most influential in this district and have won majority of the seats in national and provincial assemblies in the last elections5.
1.1.4 Administrative Division District Shikarpur consists of four talukas namely, Shikarpur, Garhi Yasin, Lakhi and Khan Pur. These 4 talukas spread over 245 Dehs. Thirteen (13) Dehs house of more than five thousand population and 86 Dehs house between one to two thousand populations each, and remaining 146 dehs have less than one thousand populations in each. There are seven urban localities (one municipal committee and six town committees) and 33 Union Coun cils in the district.
3 http://visitorsheaven.com/Shikarpur.php 4 http://www.shikarpurcitizensclub.com/urdu-articles/about-shikarpur-urdu.html 5 http://www2.ecp.gov.pk/vsite/ElectionResult/Search.aspx?constituency=PA&constituencyid=PS-11
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR3
Table 1.1.1: Administrative Division of District Shikarpur
Shikarpur
Knungo Circles/
Supervisory Tapas
Patwar Circles/
Tapas
Number of Mouzas
Total Rural Urban Partly urban Forest Un-
populated SHIKARPUR TALUKA 3 13 49 45 2 2 - KHANPUR TALUKA 3 13 52 48 2 1 1 - GARHI YASIN TALUKA 4 25 93 88 2 3 - LAKHI TALUKA 3 13 51 44 2 4 1 - TOTAL 13 64 245 225 6 9 5 -
Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization
1.1.5 Road Network Infrastructure District Shikarpur, with an area of 2640 square kilometres, has a population of 880,000. It is divided in four "talukas": Shikarpur, Lakhi, Garhi Yasin and Khanpur. Its borders meet with districts of Larkana, Jacobabad, Khairpur, and Sukkur. Two National Highways (N-65 & N-55) intersect in the city of Shikarpur, so it can well be termed as, one of the junction points of the four provinces.
The existing road network in Shikarpur district is fairly good. The district headquarter of Shikarpur is connected with its taluka headquarters of Khanpur, Garhi Yasin and Lakhi through metalled roads. Shikarpur is connected through railway line with Jacobabad in the North Larkana in the south west and Sukkur in the south east.
The district has a total road length of 920.0 kilometres, including 125 kilometres of National Highways and 195 kilometres of Provincial Highways. It is, thus, deficient in road density6 (0.35 km/Km2) compared with recognized international parameters of development (1 km/Km2). During the last few years, creeping development activity has taken pace and 71 kilometres of road, 94 schools and a number of schemes in drainage, health and other sectors have been completed, under various programs.
Table 1.1.2: Road Network Infrastructure of District Shikarpur District
Route via
Distance from Shikarpur
Shikarpur to Hyderabad Indus Highway N55 66 km Shikarpur to Karachi Hyderabad Motorway N05 519 km Shikarpur to DG Khan Indus Highway N55 341 km Shikarpur to Quetta N65 355 Km
Source: Sindh Development Institute
1.1.6 Irrigation Agriculture, in Shikarpur, mainly depends upon canal irrigation. However, other modes of land irrigation like pumps and tube wells are also used. Table 1.1.6.1, given below, shows the total 6 Number of kilometers of road in 1 km2
BACKGROUND INFORMATION4
irrigated area of district Shikarpur by different modes of irrigation. Out of 234 rural mouzas, 211 (90%) are irrigated with the help of canals. Tube well Irrigation is also common in 94 mouzas which constitutes 40% of the total rural mouzas. Most of the area is being irrigated by Canals and Tube Wells. However, the rest is irrigated by mixed mode i.e. however, rive irrigation and arid lands are also prevalent in this district.
Table1.1.3: Mouzas Reporting Sources of Irrigation
1.1.7 Solid Waste Management According to World Health Organization, waste is defined as any substance or object arising from human or animal activities that has to be discarded as ‘unwanted’ (Economopoulos, 1993). Solid waste consists of the discarded portion of household material, dead animal remains, trade, commercial, agriculture & industrial waste and other large waste like debris from construction site, furniture etc.
All urban localities are covered with Drainage, sewerage or open pacca drain system in district Shikarpur. Twelve (12) schemes have been completed up to June 1997 and 2 schemes with estimated cost of Rs. 24.261 million are under implementation. Since enough water is available according to local requirements due to the availability of ground water in large area of district, it will necessary to provide more drainage schemes when compared to water supply schemes.
ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT RURAL
POPULATED MOUZAS
NUMBERS OF MOUZAS REPORTING SOURCE OF IRRIGATION
CANAL RIVER TUBEWELL
/WELL RAVI
NE
SPRING/STREAM/K
AREZ
ARID(BARANI)
FLOODING/TOR
RENT SHIKARPUR DISTRICT
NUMBER 234 211 22 94 0 0 6 1 PERCENT 100 90% 9% 40% 0% 0% 3% 0%
SHUKIKARPUR TALUKA
NUMBER 47 47 1 26 0 0 0 PERCENT 100 100% 100% 2% 55% 0% 0% 0%
KHANPUR TALUKA
NUMBER 49 41 13 44 0 0 0 0 PERCENT 100 84% 27% 90% 0% 0% 0% 0%
GARHI YASIN TALUKA
NUMBER 90 90 0 5 0 0 0 1 PERCENT 100 100% 0% 6% 0% 0% 0% 1%
LAKHI TALUKA NUMBER 48 33 8 19 0 0 6 0 PERCENT 100 69% 17% 40% 0% 0% 13% 0%
Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization
5DISTRICT SHIKARPUR
1.2 Demography
1.2.1 Population Characteristics Pakistan is among those countries where the male population is more than female population. One probable reason of this ratio could be underreporting of females during national surveys. Pakistan is among those four countries where life expectancy for female at birth is less than that of males7. Sex ratio in Shikarpur is 108 male per 100 females; this is more than the ratio at National level which is 1068. Though there could be other possible reasons for such a difference in male to female ratio, such as very high maternal mortality rate9 (0.5 for Sindh; second highest at national level) is likely to be instrumental for a great fall in number of women and poor health care at district and province level10. District Shikarpur is rural by its characteristics like majority of districts in Sindh. Seventy six (76) percent of the population resides in rural area and only 24% of the population resides in urban areas.
Table 1.2.1: Estimated Population of District Shikarpur for 2010 AGE GROUP
(IN YEARS) TOTAL RURAL URBAN
BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE BOTH SEXES MALE FEMALE ALL AGES 1,182,407 613,188 569,219 897,724 466,150 431,575 284,683 147,038 137,644 00 -- 04 201,493 101,701 99,793 159,959 80,834 79,125 41,534 20,867 20,667 05 -- 09 204,781 110,734 94,047 159,723 87,448 72,275 45,058 23,286 21,772 10 -- 14 136,065 77,893 58,172 99,536 58,317 41,219 36,529 19,575 16,954 15 -- 19 119,725 59,839 59,886 87,843 43,565 44,278 31,882 16,274 15,608 20 -- 24 104,663 49,678 54,985 78,751 36,873 41,878 25,913 12,805 13,107 25 -- 29 88,395 44,123 44,271 67,352 33,302 34,050 21,043 10,822 10,221 30 -- 34 70,971 36,412 34,559 53,281 27,001 26,281 17,690 9,412 8,278 35 -- 39 57,180 29,402 27,778 43,097 21,916 21,181 14,082 7,486 6,597 40 -- 44 50,211 24,787 25,424 37,336 18,286 19,050 12,875 6,501 6,374 45 -- 49 38,482 19,657 18,824 28,639 14,520 14,119 9,843 5,137 4,706 50 -- 54 34,853 18,651 16,202 26,157 14,100 12,057 8,696 4,551 4,144 55 -- 59 20,940 10,889 10,051 15,090 7,741 7,349 5,850 3,148 2,702 60 -- 64 22,933 12,554 10,379 17,257 9,524 7,733 5,675 3,030 2,646 65 -- 69 11,199 5,776 5,423 8,120 4,161 3,959 3,079 1,616 1,464 70 -- 74 11,070 6,127 4,943 8,467 4,793 3,674 2,603 1,334 1,269 75 & ABOVE 9,446 4,965 4,482 7,116 3,770 3,347 2,330 1,195 1,135
Source: Estimated on the basis of table 4, Census Report 1998
7 A profile for District Badin, 2009. South-Asia Partnership Pakistan 8 Labour Force Survey 2010-11: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 9 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2006-07: National Institute of Population Studies, Pakistan. pp. 179 10 Mean distance from hospital/dispensary is 12 km for Sindh: Pakistan Mouza Statistics, Table 15
DEMOGRAPHY6
880
,438
901
,787
923
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946
,373
969
,651
993
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1,0
18,2
79
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200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Population Growth Pattern
8.6% 9.4%
6.6% 5.1%
4.2% 3.7%
3.1% 2.5%
2.1% 1.7% 1.6%
0.9% 1.1%
0.5% 0.5% 0.4%
8.4% 8.0%
4.9% 5.1%
4.7% 3.7%
2.9% 2.3%
2.2% 1.6%
1.4% 0.9% 0.9%
0.5% 0.4% 0.4%
1-45-9
10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-74
75+
FEMALE MALE
Dependent 48.55%
Labor Force 51.45%
Dependent Population percent
1.2.2 Population Growth Pattern
Total population in 1998 was 880,438. Population of District Shikarpur is categorized by a high growth rate of 2.32% per annum which simply means that population will double itself in next 30.17 years11 from 1998. 45.87 % of the population is below 15 years and 2.68 % is 65 years or above. The estimated population for 2010 is 1,182,407 showing a 31% in 12 years from 1998.
1.2.3 Population Distribution by Age and Gender
Out of the total population, 52 % are males and 48 % are females. Largest cohort of population is 5-9 years which decreases with 5 years interval. Except age groups 15-19, 20-24, 25-29 and 40-44 in all rest of the age groups, male population out numbers female population.
1.2.4 Dependent Population The economically dependent population is considered to be the population less than 15 years and more than 65 years. In addition to them widowed, and/or divorced women are also considered dependent population. Dependent population in case of Shikarpur District is 48.55 % of the total population whereas the working 11 Rule of 70 http://controlgrowth.org/double.htm
7DISTRICT SHIKARPUR
population is 51.45 % only. Which shows that dependency ratio in the district is 94 %.
Table 1.2.3: Population Details by Taluka
Taluka Population Male Female Pop
Density Sex Ratio
Average HH Size
Estimated HHs
GARHI YASIN TALUKA 312,747 161,824 150,923 322 107 5.2 55,848 KHANPUR TALUKA 303,015 158,284 144,731 482 109 4.7 58,272 LAKHI TALUKA 202,312 104,093 98,218 576 106 4.9 34,881 SHIKARPUR TALUKA 364,333 189,355 174,978 649 108 4.7 53,578 Total 1,182,407 613,556 568,851 471 108 5.9 202,580
Source: Estimated on the Basis of Table 01 District Census Report Shikarpur 1998
DEMOGRAPHY8
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9DISTRICT SHIKARPUR
9
1.3 Livelihood
1.3.1 Main Sources of Livelihood/Income Like other districts of Pakistan, Shikarpur is also an agro-based district with majority of the people earning their livelihood through farming (56%) while the second largest group, 28.3%, depends upon casual labour. Only 5.5% of the people are associated with services sector, 0.89% of the people are associated with business while 7.69% are not doing any type of work. In case of poor households, a larger percentage (35.26%) is dependent on casual labour as compared to in non-poor households (21.4%). The per capita income in Shikarpur is Rs. 1,473/month which is lower than the nationally defined per capita income of Rs. 1,504. The average monthly per capita income for rural Sindh is Rs. 1,49412.
Crop cultivation is the single largest source of income followed by labour. These two have a combined share of more than two-thirds (79.5%), the rest being shared amongst various sources such as services, business, pension, rent and remittances. Major contributors to off -farm income are business activities (2.25%) and cash/gifts (1.06%)13.
Table 1.3.1: Number of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment
GENDER QUANTIFICATION SERVICE AGRICULTURE TRADE INDUSTRY PERSONAL BUSINESS
OVERSEAS EMPLOYEMENT LABOUR
MALE MOSTLY 2 182 - - 1 - 7
SOME 170 51 70 4 109 4 180 NONE 62 1 164 230 124 230 47
FEMALE MOSTLY 1 114 - - - - 11
SOME 43 104 1 3 91 3 141 NONE 190 16 233 231 143 231 82
Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization
The categories under which these mouzas have reported their population against different livelihood sources are: • Mostly: population of 50 percent and above • Some: population between 1 percent and 50 percent • None: less than or equal to 1 percent
The above mentioned table reveals the sources of employment for the people of district Shikarpur. Out of the 234 rural mouzas, 182 (78%) reported agriculture as the source of employment. The table also reveals that casual labour is frequent in this district. Services and personal business are also major source of employment for some of the population. The below graph show this trends in percentages. It can be ascertained that, in the category of mostly and some, for both male and female population; agriculture, labour, services and personal business are the major sources of employment for the people of this district.
12 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey of Shikarpur District (2010), Rural Support Programme Network (RSPN) Islamabad 13 ibid
LIVELIHOOD10
10
0
20
40
60
80
100
MOSTLY SOME NONE MOSTLY SOME NONE
MALE FEMALE
Percentage of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment
SERVICE AGRICULTURE TRADE INDUSTRY PROFESSIONAL BUSSINESS OVERSEAS EMPLOYEMENT LABOUR
1.3.2 Agriculture The land distribution is highly skewed in this district as 79% of the households (HH) do not own any land. The majority of land ownership is in the 2 to 5 acres category, with the average size of landholding being 2.5 acres per household. 4.1% of the HH own up to 1% of the lands, 6.8% of the HH own 2 to 5 acres, 2.9% own 5 to 12.5 acres and only 0.7% of the HH own 12.5 to 25 acres of land14. Resultantly, share cropping and tenant farming is common in this district. Although the literature suggests the mixed effect (positive and negative) of tenant farming and share cropping on agriculture productivity, but in developing countries like Pakistan, given the weak agriculture credit institutions and amenities, such types of farming lowers the agriculture productivity.
The major crops of the district are wheat and rice. The annual production of wheat and rice over the period 2008-09 was 88.2(000 Tonnes) and 348.9(000 Tonnes) respectively. Other crops, maize, cotton and sugarcane are also cultivated in the district but at a very minute level.
Area sown and production of food and cash crops in 2008-09 are reported in the Table 1.3.2.
Table 1.3.2: Food and cash crops cultivated in district Shikarpur
Type Crop Area Sown in 2008-09 (000 Hectares)
Production in 2008-09 (000 Tonnes)
Area Sown in 2010-11 (Hectares) FAO
Food
Wheat 31.3 88.2 N/A Rice 96.1 348.9 102,000
Maize 0.1 0 N/A
Cash
Sugarcane 0 0 29 Cotton 0.1 0.5 bales 33
Source: Crop Area and Production by Districts for 28 Years; 2008-09 Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS)
14 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey of Shikarpur District (2010), Rural Support Programme Network (RSPN) Islamabad
11DISTRICT SHIKARPUR
11
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1981
-82
1982
-83
1983
-84
1984
-85
1985
-86
1986
-87
1987
-88
1988
-89
1989
-90
1990
-91
1991
-92
1992
-93
1993
-94
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
Index of the Area & Production of Rice
Area Production
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
5
1981
-82
1982
-83
1983
-84
1984
-85
1985
-86
1986
-87
1987
-88
1988
-89
1989
-90
1990
-91
1991
-92
1992
-93
1993
-94
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
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2007
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2008
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Index of the Area & Production of Wheat
Area Production
Note: It is to be noted that the production of cotton is shown in bales instead of tonnes and the numbers reported are rounded off to nearest decimal places.
Over the last 28 years15, total area sown for food crops has shown a drastic change.
� Wheat The available data on area and production shows that over the last 28 years, area sown is the same with a slight increase in it and production with relatively increasing trends. From 1980’s area sown is more consistent than production, area showed same tendency but it decreased in the period of 2001 to 2004 but after that there is the same score which was before declining. Production showed increasing trends and relatively higher than area. Production increased over the time period but decrease in 1985 and in 2000. � Rice Rice is also an important food crop of the district. The data shows that there is an increasing trend in both rice production and area sown. But from 1980’s increase in production is significantly higher than the area cultivated for the production of rice. In 1984-85 and 1999 to 2002 production area decreased but over all there is an increase in area sown till 2008-09. The trend in production of rice is same as area but production is meaningfully higher than area.
1.3.3 Industry The manufacturing establishments in district Shikarpur are reported as 35 units during the latest census of manufacturing Industries (CMI) 1997. By comparing with the previous census that took place in 1990-91, under which 27 units were reported, it shows that 8 units have been
15 Area and Production by District for 28 Years, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 2010
LIVELIHOOD12
closed. There are 12 textiles units, 323 rice mills, 14 beverages industries and one oil industry is working in this district16.
1.3.4 Livestock Livestock is one of the major sub-sector of Agriculture and back bone of Pakistan’s economy. Its main by-products including hides and skins have substantial potential as semi-finished products. A substantial growth in Livestock products such as milk, meat, beef, mutton, poultry and eggs have been noticed over the past few years. It has been estimated that over three - fourths of the farm power comes from animals, and they are used for most of the farm operations. Bullocks provide the draft power on farm and in transport around the villages.
Most farmers traditionally keep a few heads of livestock, 2.13 livestock/HH, ranging from bullocks for draft to buffaloes or cattle for milk and poultry for eggs & meat 17. As per livestock census 1996, the population of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats in Shikarpur district were recorded at 221,841, 279,676, 142,154 and 168,243 respectively. The population of livestock grew by 4.4% cattle, 5.5% buffaloes, 10.8% sheep and 2.2% goats over the l ast livestock census enumerated in 1986.
Meat, hair, hides, skins and wool are the other major products of livestock. Beef is the most important source of meat in the district. Mutton comes next in the market place, and it is provided by a variety of goats and sheep.
In order to meet the requirements of meat and milk, livestock farming seems to be necessarily in a joint venture of public/private sector or helping private sector in importing the livestock for establishing livestock farms through loans on easy terms & conditions. The Shikarpur district has a vast potential for establishing livestock farming in the district.
16 http://sindhdevelopmentinstitute.blogspot.com/2005/03/shikarpur-economic-profile.html 17 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey of Shikarpur District (2010), Rural Support Programme Network (RSPN) Islamabad
13DISTRICT RAJANPUR
1.4 Food Security Food security can be broadly divided into four components:
� Availability of food in terms of sufficient quantity available through domestic production or imports
� Access to adequate resources given the socio-political and economic arrangements of the community
� Utilization Refers to the body’s ability to make use of the nutrients provided. This requires clean water sanitation and health care
� Stability includes an all-time access and utilization of food without any fear of losing it due to any shock (natural calamity, economic shock). This component points out to the sustainability of food in an area.
1.4.1 Availability In Shikarpur district, wheat and rice is being produced for meeting food requirement as major crops along with other cash crops such as maize, pulses and vegetables. Maize, pulses and vegetables are relatively less produced in the district.
Below table shows, wheat and rice are cropped in 98% and 88% of the mouzas respectively. So overall crop based food availability is sufficient in the Shikarpur district18.
Table 1.4.1: Number of Mouza Reporting Major Crops
ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT NUMBERS OF MOUZAS REPORTING MAJOR CROPS
WHEAT RICE COTTON SUGARCANE MAIZE PULSES ORCHARDS VEGETABLES SHIKARPUR DISTRICT 230 207 - - 1 5 - 7 SHUKIKARPUR TALUKA 47 47 - - - - - - KHANPUR TALUKA 48 40 - - 1 3 - 1 GARHI YASIN TALUKA 88 79 - - - - 4 LAKHI TALUKA 47 41 - - - 2 - 2
Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization
Food availability not only depends on the wheat only but also rests on availability of other cereals like rice, maize etc. Rice is produced in surplus quantity whereas maize production falls short of the requirement in this district. Animal based food availability (meat, milk, milk products) is also important for total food availability. On average, livestock constitutes 24% of the productive assets of each HH. According to a survey, people invest 24% of their loans on the livestock19. Such attention towards livestock rearing depicts the abundant availability of meat
18 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad 19 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey of Shikarpur District (2010), Rural Support Programme Network (RSPN) Islamabad
FOOD SECURITY14
and other livestock products. Combining both, crop based and animal based food self-sufficiency, Shikarpur is in surplus for food availability20.
1.4.2 Access Despite the fact that the food is in surplus in Shikarpur district, it is not the only indicator of food security. If the available food is not socio-economically accessible to the masses, availability alone cannot make a society food secure. Household income, inflation, child dependency and monthly food expenditures are some of the indicators that define access to food.
The per capita income in Shikarpur is Rs. 1,473/month which is lower than the nationally defined per capita income of Rs. 1,504. The average monthly per capita income for rural Sindh is Rs. 1,49421. Child dependency (ratio between children and household members in economically active age group) is high in district Shikarpur which constitutes as one of the limiting factors in meeting the daily needs of households. The increased dependency ratio enhances the spending of the household on child care and food which results in a per capita reduction of socio-economic access to food in the district. The share of household expenditures on food is 61.8% of the total income in Sindh. So the low level of income, high food expenditures and high inflation (particularly food inflation) hinders access to food in the district Shikarpur.
The table below shows physical access of food in the district Shikarpur depicting the distance of mouzas from the wholesale markets. Average distance from the fruit and vegetable market of a Mouza is 25 and 24 kilometres respectively, whereas the distance from the grain market is 23 kilometres. Such long distances impede access to food.
Table 1.4.2: Distance of Mouzas from Wholesale Markets
Type of facility Rural
Populated Mouzas
Overall Mean
Distance (KM)
Mouzas by Distance (in Kilometres) by Facility
Less Than 1 1 - 10 11 – 25 26 – 50 51 &
Above
Livestock Market Number 234 25 30 106 88 10 Percent 100 13 45 38 4
Grains Market Number 234 23 2 37 113 72 10 Percent 100 1 16 48 31 4
Fruit Market Number 234 25 30 102 91 11 Percent 100 13 44 39 5
Vegetable Market Number 234 24 1 37 101 84 11 Percent 100 16 43 36 5
Govt. Procurement Centre
Number 234 23 36 112 74 10 Percent 100 15 48 32 4
20 ibid 21 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey of Shikarpur District (2010), Rural Support Programme Network (RSPN) Islamabad
Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR15
1.4.3 Utilization In addition to food availability and access, proper assimilation of food in the body is essential. Food utilization and stability depicts this absorption of food and its sustainability. Improved sanitation facilities, clean drinking water, health infrastructure and individual health status along with the female literacy plays vital role in food absorption. According to Food Security Analysis (FSA) 2009, access to improved drinking water is reasonable in this district. Seventy nine (79%) of the HH use hand pumps and 17% use motor pumps as source of drinking water22. Female literacy rate is 29% in this district which is considered as very low.
Table 1.4.3: Percentage Distribution of HH by Source of Drinking Water
SHIKARPUR Water Delivery System
Tap Water Hand Pump Motor Pump Dug Well Other Total 4 79 17 0 0 Urban 1 37 62 0 1 Rural 5 91 4 0 0
Source: PSLM 2010-11
Also, the sanitation conditions are relatively better in the district Shikarpur where 44% of the households has flush toilets and 54% has the non-flush toilets. Only 2% of the households have no toilet facility.
Table 1.4.4: Percentage Distribution of HH by Type of Toilet Flush Non-Flush No Toilet
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 96 30 44 4 67 54 0 3 2
Source: PSLM 2010-11
Moreover, in the district Shikarpur, 64% of the population is poor and the poverty gap ratio is 31% which is alarmingly high23. Such high poverty and the high inflationary pressures, particularly food inflation, low level of HH income push the households towards food insecurity. Combining all the indicators of food security i.e, availability, access, utilization and stability; it can be concluded safely that district Shikarpur is a food insecure district of Pakistan.
22 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad 23 Poverty Gap Ratio is defined as average of the ratio of the poverty gap to the poverty line. It is expressed as a percentage of the poverty line for a country or a region. Poverty gap index is a percentage between 0 and 100%. A theoretical value of zero implies that all the extremely poor people are exactly at the poverty line.
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR16
1.5 Health
1.5.1 Details of Health Facilities According to Population Welfare Department Sindh24 there are 3 Taluka hospitals, 7 rural health centres and 33 basic health units. Total fertility rate is 5.4 which is quite higher. Contraceptive prevalence rate is 66.7. In the whole district there are 40 Hakims (quakes), 5 homeopaths and 100 registered medical practitioners are currently working in the district.
According to World Health Organization (WHO) there are total 64 health facilities including 4 maternal and child health centres. Table 1.5.1 shows the details of health facilities in the district.
Table 1.5.1: Number of Health Facilities by Type Facility Type Number BASIC HEALTH UNIT 35 DISPENSARY 13 HOSPITAL 5 MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH CENTRE 4 RURAL HEALTH CENTRE 7 Grand Total 64
World Health Organization (WHO) 2010
Immunization In district Shikarpur around 48% pregnant women have received tetanus toxoid injections. In urban areas this percentage is 64% and in rural areas it is 45%25. Record based26 immunization data of district Shikarpur shows that 10% (Male 7%: Female 14%) of the children aged 12-23 months have received full immunization. In urban areas this percentage is 19 percent (Male 9%: Female 28%) and in rural areas it is 9% (Male 7%: Female 11%). The graph shows the percentage of children of 12-23 months that have been immunized by the type of Antigen based on records27.
24 http://www.sindh.gov.pk/dpt/PopulationDev/shikarpur.htm 25 Table 3.11, Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM)2010-2011 26 Table 3.4 (b) Based on record: Children who reported having received full immunization who also have an immunization card, expressed as a percentage of all children aged 12-23 months. Also immunizations to be classed as fully immunized a child must have received: ‘BCG’, ‘DPT1’, ‘DPT2’, ‘DPT3’, ‘Polio1’, ‘Polio2’ 27 Table 3.5: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM)2010-2011
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
BCG
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DPT3
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Total
HEALTH AND NUTRITION17
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1.6 Education
1.6.1 Some Highlights Literacy Rate (10 years and above) 50% Adult Literacy Rate (15 years and above) 47%
GPI Primary 0.59 GPI Middle 1.62
GPI Secondary 0.47 GPI Higher Secondary 0.24
Population that has ever attended School 36 Male 50
Female 19 Population that has completed primary level or higher 28
Male 39 Female 14
Student Teacher Ratio 29 Primary 30 Middle 20
Secondary 21 Higher Secondary 36
Source: Reform Support Unit Sindh 2010-11 and Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2010-11
1.6.2 District School Enrolment Ratio The education status is quite poor in Shikarpur. The overall literacy rate (for the population of 10 years and above) for the district is 50%, for male it is 68% and for female it is 29%. For the urban rural comparison, urban literacy rate is higher than the rural, which is 71%. Among urban community, literacy rate for male is 87 % and for female it is 55%; whereas the rural literacy rate is 43%, and in rural community, literacy rate for male is 63% and for female it is 20%. Adult literacy rate (for the population of 15 years and above) is 47 %. Gross Enrolment Ratio28 (GER) for primary level in Shikarpur is 75% (Male: 88%, Female: 59%), in urban community it is 98% (Male: 103%, Female: 92%) and in rural community it is 69% (Male: 84%, Female: 52%). Net Enrolment Ratio29 (NER) for primary in Shikarpur is 49% (Male: 54%, Female: 43%), in urban community it is 69% (Male: 72%, Female: 64%) and in rural community it is 45 (Male: 50%, Female: 39%). Table 1.6.1 shows details of Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Rural and Urban Gender at different levels
28 Total enrolment in a specific level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school-age population corresponding to the same level of education in a given school year. 29 Enrolment of the official age group for a given level of education expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR18
EDUCATION19
Table 1.6.1: Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Gender and Locality at Different levels
Urban/ Rural/ District
Gender Gross Enrolment Rates Net Enrolment Rates
Primary Group (5-9) Middle
Group (10-12) Matric
Group (13-14) Primary
Group (5-9) Middle
Group (10-12) Matric
Group (13-14)
Urban Male 103% 68% 73% 72% 25% 11% Female 92% 77% 41% 64% 24% 12% Total 98% 72% 53% 69% 24% 12%
Rural Male 84% 33% 43% 50% 12% 4% Female 52% 17% 12% 39% 7% 3% Total 69% 27% 29% 45% 10% 3%
Total Male 88% 40% 48% 54% 14% 5% Female 59% 30% 21% 43% 11% 6% Total 75% 35% 35% 49% 13% 5%
Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2010-11
1.6.3 Gender and Level Wise Details The total male enrolment of District Shikarpur is 83,775 while the total female enrolment is 46,580, whereas the total enrolment is 130,355. Out of total 4,432 teachers 3,517 are male and 915 are female teachers. This illustrates that one teacher is teaching averagely 29 students. The total boys’ schools of District Shikarpur are 563, while the total female schools are 255 and mixed gender schools are 529. Thus, the total number of schools is 1,380. This means that averagely every school has teaching staff of around 230.
1.6.3.1 Primary Total numbers of primary level schools that are reported are 1,256. The total enrolment at primary level is 96,228. Gender wise 60,578 are boys and 35,650 are girls. Total numbers of teachers at primary level, are 3,096 out of which 2,484 are male and 611 are female teachers. Thus on an average each primary school has enrolment of 77 students with teaching staff of 2. However the student class ratio is 33 and each school has averagely around 2 class rooms.
1.6.3.2 Middle There are total 68 middle schools reported. The total enrolment at middle level is 3,895 of which 1,484 are boys’ enrolment, whereas, the girls enrolment is 3,411. The total teachers at middle level are 223 out of which 127 are male teachers, while, 96 are female teachers. Thus on an average each middle school has average enrolment of 57 students with teaching staff of 3. However the student class ratio is 15 and each school has averagely around 4 class rooms.
1.6.3.3 Matric There are total 47 secondary schools. The total enrolment at secondary level is 21,022 of which 14,305 are boys’ enrolment whereas 6,717 are girls’ enrolment. The total no. of teachers at secondary level is 824 out of which male teachers are 651 and female teachers are 173. Thus on an average each secondary school has average enrolment of 447 students with teaching staff of 18. However the student class ratio is 52 and each school has averagely around 9 class rooms.
30 Statistical Education Bulletin, Reform Support Unit, Sindh Government.
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR20
1.6.3.4 Higher Secondary There are total 9 higher secondary schools. The total enrolment at higher secondary level is 9,210 out of which 7,408 are boys’ enrolment and 1,802 are girls’ total enrolment in higher secondary level. The total no. of teachers at higher secondary level is 285 out of which 255 are male teachers and 30 are female teachers. Thus on an average each higher secondary school has average enrolment of 1,023 students with teaching staff of 32. However the student class ratio is 71 and each school has averagely around 14 class rooms.
Table 1.6.2: Enrolment and Educational Facilities by level and Gender31
Level Enrolment School Facilities Teachers
Boys Girls Mixed Total Boys Girls Mixed Total Male Female Total Primary 28,633 18,804 48,791 96,228 510 217 529 1,256 2,484 612 3,096 Middle 870 1,739 1,286 3,895 24 26 18 68 127 100 227 Secondary 11,627 5,722 3,673 21,022 24 10 13 47 651 173 824 Higher Secondary 5,709 1,294 2,207 9,210 5 2 2 9 255 30 285 Total 46,839 27,559 55,957 130,355 563 255 562 1,380 3,517 915 4,432
31 Sindh School List 2010-11 RSU
DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT21
2 Disaster History and Its Impact 2.1 Disaster in Shikarpur
2.1.1 Disaster History Although there is not much information available (except for the previous decade) on the history of disasters in District Shikarpur and this district is not disaster free area. Disasters of different kinds are reported in the previous decade. Earthquake was reported in 2001. Heavy rains and seasonal monsoon were reported in 2003, 2010 and 2011. Riverine and flash floods are reported in 2003, 2005, and 2010 2011. According to Board of Revenue Sindh 2010, the relative severity of floods in Shikarpur is given a rank 2 which means low floods32.
River Indus after receiving water from 5 rivers system causes floods in the northern and southern parts of the Sindh province. The upper regions of the Sindh Province constitute the districts of Kashmore, Shikarpur, Jacobabad, Larkana and Kambar Shahdadkot on the right bank of River Indus and Ghotki, Sukkur, Khairpur, Naushahroferoze and Shaheed Benazirabad on the left bank of River Indus. These districts on the right and left of River Indus pose a severe threat owing to passing of River Indus. Heavy rains are also a major cause flooding in the district. Vulnerable points of Shikarpur are Hamayoon Jaggan, Sultan Kot, Jahanwah, Lodra, Karan, Jano, Khanpur except town, Garhi Dakho, Rahim Abad, Mian Sahib, Zarkhail, Thanhrio, Shabirabad, Garhi Tegho, Pir Bux Shujra, Mahmood-A-Bag, Taib, Wazirabad, Rustam, Sehwani, Chak, Bhirkan, Mungrani, Bhanbhihar, Nim Sharif, Jindo Dero, Mirzapur, Amrote Sharifam33.
Along with the aforementioned disasters epidemics, casualties from accidents and environmental degradation occur on yearly basis. The district is highly vulnerable to the floods. In 2010 District Shikarpur was severely hit by floods and a population of 778,000 persons was affected.
Hazard history of District Shikarpur can be seen in the table below34
Hazard Frequency Area a�ected/union councils Severity/Force Year
Floods Monsoon Entire district High (2012,2011,2010,2005,2003)
Heavy rains Seasonal /monsoon Whole district High 2003,2010,2011
Earthquake Entire district Low 2001 Epidemics Seasonal Entire district Low Every year Transport accidents Often Entire district Low Every year Environmental degradation Through out Entire district Low Every year
32 Flood Facts 2010. 33 Sindh Contingency Plan 2012. 34 Ibid
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR22
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DISTRICT SHIKARPUR23
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DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT24
2.2 Disaster Impact
2.2.1 Demography Shikarpur district is unfortunate in the sense that it was consecutively hit by heavy floods both in 2010, 2011, and now in 2012. In 2010 floods35 all 1,359 villages were affected and in total 401,831 acre of land were inundated. 110,189 acres of crop area were inundated. A population of 778,000 persons was affected and there were 13 casualties and 77 injuries. 838 cattle head perished. Total 117,879 houses were affected out of which 94,303 were kacha houses and 23,756 were pakka houses. In the year 2011 floods have affected Shikarpur district to a lesser extent and as compared to 2010 only 4 UCs were affected36. Total 3 casualties and 4 injuries were reported during floods 2011. Population of 75 people was affected and 30 houses were destroyed. 28 cattle head perished and 20,218 acres of crop area were damaged. Table 2.2.1 shows the losses and damages summary.
Table 2.2.1: Summary of Losses and Damages37 Attribute Figure 2011 Figure 2010 Source Total Households 2010 202,580
Estimated Affected Households 12 67,850 Total UCs 47 PDMA UC Affected 4 31 NDMA/OCHA Total Revenue Villages 240 DCR 1998 Villages Affected 7 1,359 NDMA Total Houses Affected 30 117,879
NDMA Partially Damaged 0 n/a Destroyed 30 n/a Kacha n/a 94,303 Pakka n/a 23,756 Total Population 1,182,407 Estimated Affected Population 75 400,317 UNOCHA
UNOCHA
Death 3 13 NDMA
Injuries 4 77 Total Area 620,728.72 Calculated Total Affected Area 2,500 280,563
NDMA/OCHA Crop Area Affected 20,218 110,189
35 http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/1E81D6C5A7396DAFC12577970048423B-Map.pdf 36 NDMA Losses and Damages Data as of 30th November 2011 37 Summary of NDMA Losses and Damages Data as of 30th November 2011 and UN OCHA District Shikarpur Profile as on 19 January 2011
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR25
Table 2.2.2: Summary of Losses and Damages by Taluka for 2010
Taluka Total Population
A�ected Population
Total Area (Km2)
A�ected Area (KM2)
Total UCs
A�ected UCs
Lakhi 202,312 87,243 679 486 11 8 Garhi Ya Sin 312,747 70,954 581 348 11 6
Khanpur 303,015 87,243 387 114 10 11 Shikarpur 364,333 154,877 941 187 15 7 Total 1,182,407 400,317 2,589 1,135 47 32
Source: UNOCHA 2010-11
It is to be noted here that PDMA Sindh has mentioned 10 UCs of Khanpur Taluka whereas UNOCHA in its Profile for District Shikarpur updated as on January 2011, reported 11 affected UCs of Khanpur Taluka.
The latest situational update for District Shikarpur for the �oods 2012 are given below38
UC Sultan Kot: In sultankot town, UC Sultankot, Taulka Shikarpur, about 10 houses have so far collapsed. The water levels for now to 2 to 3 feet. DCO has called for a camp in hospital.
UC Hamayoun: Abdal town is flooded with 2 feet water, with crops completely submerged, in UC Hamayoun.
UC Lodra: The Lodra town is flooded with 3 feet water, drainage completely submerged. Few houses have collapsed there as well. In chandia village one person died due to roof collapse. About 20 houses have collapsed in Dergah bhudal Faqir, with no casualities. In village Taghio Jafri, two women and two children died due to roof collapse in the house.
Garhi Yasin Town: Two to three feet water levels in the town. A woman died of house collapse in Odhana mohla, and a male injured.
UC Zerkhail: 70 t0 80% houses have collapsed in villages Qazi Pati, Qalbali Wandh, Jangi Khan Brohi, Bego Brohi, Paaro Jafri, Mirani village and Umed Ali Brohi. In village Qalbali ji wandh between 40-50 houses have collapsed. The IDPs have taken shelter in a school building. The village is flooded with about two feet of water. The crops are completely flooded there, with reports of number of cattle heads dead as well. The building of Union council and one school has completely collapsed.
UC Wazirabad: building of BHU Wazirabad is completely inundated with flood water.
Shikarpur City: The Deputy Commissioner Dr Azhar has called upon an Emergency meeting of all the officers and an Emergency has been declared. In most of the low lying residential areas about 4 feet water levels there as well, with about 2 feet water inside people's bedrooms. The Army has been called to rescue people there.
38 Foundation for Urban and Rural Development (FURD) 11 September 2012.
DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT26
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DISTRICT SHIKARPUR27
2.2.2 Livelihood District Shikarpur has been the severe hit of floods, thrice, in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Analysis of both floods is given as under along with the data available at the time of writing this report on flood 2012.
2.2.2.1 Impact of Floods 2010 on Livelihood: According to the official statistics, 584 villages were inundated and affected due to the floods 201039. Due to the inundation and floods 2010, based on household recall of their main source of livelihood before the floods, significant changes in livelihood have occurred as a result of the floods. The percentage of household describing themselves as without a main source of livelihood has increased from 7.9% before the flood to almost 60%. Agriculture farming has reduced from around 50% of household’s main form of livelihood to being cited as the main source of livelihood for less than 10%40. Non-farm livelihoods were heavily affected by the floods. 55% of households not engaged in agriculture report that there business or employment situation has been totally affected by the floods. Only 19% of households reported that their non-agricultural livelihood had not been impacted. 40% of the people have been displaced from the land while 39% are not being able to return to your usual place of residence. As a result, 25% were not being able to afford to rebuild (25%). Overcrowding, lack of money and security issues were the most often mentioned concerns of both the male and female community groups. The highest priority in terms of the restoration of community infrastructure for both male and female community groups were mosques41.
2.2.2.2 Impact of Floods 2011 on Livelihood: The severity of floods 2011 was much lesser as compared to the floods 2010, nonetheless, a significant proportion of people were affected in 2011. Around Only 7 villages were affected in the total 4 talukas. Total 75 people were affected out of which 53 were male and 29 females42. As a result, there was no big shock to the sources of livelihood for people of Shikarpur due to floods 2011.
2.2.2.3 Impact of Floods 2012 on Livelihood: As compared to 2011 floods, the severity of 2012 floods is much higher. The district is inundated with 2-3 feet standing water. More than 100 houses were collapsed in 4 UCs. So far 6 casualties and 1 injury is reported in Shikapur District.
39 Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA), Government of Sindh 40 Multi Cluster Rapid Humanitarian Need Assessment (2010), UNOCHA 41 ibid 42 Sindh Flood Situation Update (Sep,2011), UNOCHA
DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT28
2.2.3 Damage to Agriculture: It has been previously established that agriculture is the main source of livelihood/income for the people of district Shikarpur. So any damage to this sector directly affects the population, particularly the poor, in this district. Rice crop had been the most severely hit by the floods 2010 along with the minor effect on cotton. All the vegetables were damaged. As the table below depicts, almost all the food and cash crops had been affected but the extent of damage had been more severe in floods 2010 as compared to floods 2011.
Table 2.3.1: Crop Area Affected in District Shikarpur
District Name Crop type
Floods 2010 Floods 2011 Baseline Damage43 Baseline Damage44
Standing crop (000 acres)
Standing crop (000 acres)
Standing crop (acres) Standing crop (acres)
Shik
arpu
r
Cotton N/A N/A 82 12 (8% crop damage)
Rice 110 109.7
(100% crop damage) 102,000 8,160 (8% crop damage)
Sugarcane 16.6 13.3
(80% crop damage) 29 0
Fodder 5.5 4.4 (80% crop damage) N/A N/A
Total N/A 110,18945 252,356 20,218
(8% crop damage)
During floods 2012, standing crops have been completely submerged in UC Hamayoun and UC Zerkhail.
43 Flood Impact Profile: Shikarpur (2010), UNOCHA 44 Sindh Flood Situation (2011), UNOCHA 45 Rapid Crop Damage Assessment (2010), Pakistan: Flood/Rains, SUPARCO
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR29
G
ap A
naly
sis
of L
ivel
ihoo
d an
d A
gric
ultu
re46
46 *R
apid
Cro
p Da
mag
e As
sess
men
t (20
10),
Paki
stan
: Flo
od/R
ains
, SU
PARC
O
**
Floo
d Im
pact
Pro
file:
Shi
karp
ur (2
010)
, UN
OCH
A
**
*Sin
dh F
lood
Situ
ation
(201
1), U
NO
CHA
**
**M
ulti
Clus
ter R
apid
Hum
anita
rian
Nee
d As
sess
men
t (20
10),
UN
OCH
A
**
***S
ocio
-Eco
nom
ic B
asel
ine
Surv
ey o
f Shi
karp
ur D
istric
t (20
10),
Rura
l Sup
port
Pro
gram
me
Net
wor
k (R
SPN
) Isla
mab
ad
Sect
or
Pre-
Floo
ds
Post
Flo
ods
Gap
Livelihood
� 56
% o
f the
pop
ulati
on a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
farm
ing
� 7.
69%
of t
he p
eopl
e no
t doi
ng a
ny w
ork
� Bu
sines
s acti
vitie
s are
gen
erati
ng 2
.25%
of
the
inco
me
in th
is di
stric
t
� 1,
359
villa
ges w
ere
affec
ted
due
to fl
oods
�
778,
000
peop
le w
ere
affec
ted
� 27
4,29
3 pe
ople
wer
e ev
acua
ted
�
10%
of t
he p
eopl
e ar
e as
soci
ated
with
the
farm
ing
� 60
% o
f the
pop
ulati
on is
not
doi
ng a
ny w
ork
� 55
% o
f hou
seho
lds,
not
eng
aged
in a
gric
ultu
re
repo
rt th
at th
ere
busin
ess o
r em
ploy
men
t situ
ation
ha
s bee
n to
tally
affe
cted
by
the
flood
s �
117,
879
hous
es w
ere
dam
aged
out
of w
hich
94,
303
wer
e ka
cha
hous
es a
nd 2
3,57
6 pa
kka
hous
es
� 42
% o
f hou
seho
lds s
urve
yed
repo
rted
that
thei
r ho
use
was
com
plet
ely
dest
roye
d
� Al
mos
t 25,
000
peop
le w
ere
not
prov
ided
pro
per a
ssist
ance
for
evac
uatio
n �
The
thre
e hi
ghes
t prio
rities
for
resu
min
g ag
ricul
tura
l wor
k an
d liv
elih
ood
activ
ities
: �
Land
recl
amati
on
� Fi
nanc
e �
Inpu
ts
� 47
% o
f the
des
troy
ed h
ouse
s ne
ed a
ssist
ance
for
reha
bilit
ation
of t
heir
hous
es
Agriculture and Livestock
� 11
0,00
0 ac
res o
f sta
ndin
g cr
op o
f ric
e in
20
10
� 25
2,35
6 ac
res
wer
e so
wn
in 2
010-
11
� 33
hec
tare
s of c
otton
wer
e so
wn
in 2
010-
11
� To
tal l
ives
tock
pop
ulati
on in
the
dist
rict
Shik
arpu
r is 1
,891
,033
hea
ds
� To
tal a
gric
ultu
re lo
ss in
dist
rict S
hika
rpur
is
repo
rted
to b
e be
twee
n 90
% to
100
% d
ue to
flo
ods 2
010
� 10
9,70
0 ac
res
wer
e da
mag
ed d
ue to
floo
ds 2
010
� 20
,218
acr
es o
f cro
p ar
ea w
as a
ffect
ed in
floo
ds
2011
�
5 he
ctar
es o
f cott
on c
rops
wer
e da
mag
ed d
ue to
flo
ods 2
011
� 28
live
stoc
k po
pula
tion
wer
e lo
st d
ue to
floo
ds
2011
�
Sign
ifica
nt lo
ss in
ani
mal
fodd
er h
as b
een
repo
rted
� Si
ndh
hous
ehol
ds e
stim
ate
loss
es to
cro
p la
nd o
f bet
wee
n 90
% a
nd 1
00%
�
40%
of h
ouse
hold
s rep
ort
losin
g th
e m
ajor
ity o
r the
ir en
tire
rice
crop
�
Dist
ributi
on o
f whe
at s
eeds
w
as n
eede
d ur
gent
ly
�
DISASTER HISTORY AND ITS IMPACT30
2.2.4 Analysis of Food Security Situation As established in the previous section, district Shikarpur is a food insecure district of Pakistan. Floods of 2010 and 2011 worsened the existing situation of the people. Thus the indicators of food security, availability, access, utilization and stability showed dismal situation in this district. Food availability became critical as 58% of households completely lost their stock of wheat flour and bread, 32% lost all pulses they had stored and cooking oil, ghee and butter was fully lost by 38% of the households. The immediate effects of the floods resulted in the loss of cereals as most of the most of the households did not have food stocks or that their stocks would last no more than one week. The lack of food stocks was the result of significant losses households have incurred due to the floods.
Due to the floods, many flood affected households had shifted their consumption to less preferred foods and borrowing was practiced by more than one third of households across the district. Skipping meals is widely practiced and the sale of farm animals was slightly high.
Floods, particularly of 2010, had grave impact on livelihoods, a majority of households lived below the poverty line, 52 % lived below the poverty line and 24 percent above the poverty line. The low income levels further exacerbated by higher than normal food prices, leaving many households unable to purchase the amount of food they needed. The share of household expenditures on food increased from 61.8% to 65% of more than 50% of the population47. Hence the short term effects of floods 2010 made the most of the population highly food insecure. But with the help of government and humanitarian partners’ assistance, in the form of wheat seeds, pesticides, food grains etc., the economic activity revitalized in the district in the last year. Also the extent of damage of floods 2011 was not much severe compared to the floods 2010. So the people started coming out of the poverty trap. Nonetheless, stability/sustainability of is still worrisome in this district so it is still a food insecure district.
2.2.5 Health No damage occurred to district and taluka headquarters hospitals in 2010 and floods but during 2010 floods many of the health facilities were partially damaged and destroyed. According to MacRAM 2010 approximately 50% of nursing mothers report at the household level that they have reduced breast feeding and around 15% have stopped breast feeding since the floods. Women report that they do not have sufficient privacy to breast feed. Around 10% of mothers with young children reported having to reduce the complementary food given. Specialized nutrition interventions were seldom reported by households. Community groups reported that they were most likely to access health care from a hospital or a health center. Fever, skin disease and diarrhea were the most common health concerns in the communities.
As on January 2011, 13 health facilities were rehabilitated and refurbished by World Health Organization (WHO), International Rescue Committee (IRC) government line departments.
47 Multi Cluster Rapid Humanitarian Need Assessment (2010), UNOCHA
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR31
During floods 2011, out of total 35 basic health units (BHUs) 9 BUUs were damaged. Out of 7 rural health centres (RHCs) 1 RHC were damaged. Moreover each health facility requires 1-2 hours walking distance to be accessed.
During floods 2012, BHU Wazirabad is completely inundated with 2-4 feet standing water. 6 casualties and one injury has been reported so far.
2.2.6 Education No considerable damage was reported to education sector during floods 2011.
During floods 2012 in UC Zerkhail, village, villages Qazi Pati, Qalbali Wandh, Jangi Khan Brohi, Bego Brohi, Paaro Jafri, Mirani village and Umed Ali Brohi. In village Qalbali ji wandh between 40-50 houses have collapsed. The IDPs have taken shelter in a school building. The village is flooded with about two feet of water.
HAZARD, VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 32
3 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis
3.1 Hazard Hazard simply means danger or risk. The synonyms used for hazards are jeopardy, venture, peril or chance. A hazard is the situation which triggers disaster. But it can be also defined as:
“Hazard is a potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation 48“.
Thus, hazard is a situation that has the potential to harm the health and safety of a people or damage their property, plants and equipment etc. Hazards can be divided into two categories.
3.1.1 Natural hazard There are natural processes or phenomena within the earth system that may constitute a damaging event. Example typhoons, tsunamis, earthquake and volcanic eruption cyclones, earthquakes, floods, landslides, storms are natural hazards.
3.1.2 Man-made hazard Any industrial, nuclear, or transportation accident, explosion, power failure, resource shortage, or other condition, resulting from man-made causes, which threaten or cause damage to property, human suffering, hardship or loss of life are termed as Man-Made hazard.
Hazard matrix49
Hazard Frequency Area a�ected/union councils Severity/Force Year
Floods Monsoon Entire district High (2012,2011,2010 2005,2003)
Heavy rains Seasonal /monsoon Whole district High 2003,2010,
2011 Earthquake --- Entire district Low 2001 Epidemics Seasonal Entire district Low Every year Transport accidents Often Entire district Low Every year Environmental degradation Through out Entire district Low Every year
48 The “Urban Governance and Community Resilience Guides” (ADPC, 2010) 49 Sindh Contingency Plan 2012
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR33
3.2 Vulnerability Vulnerability here means the state of being at risk of or being exposed to hazards. It also refers to the inability to withstand the effects of a hostile environment.
“The attributes and circumstances of a community or system that makes it sensitive, vulnerable or susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard50”.
Vulnerability precedes disasters, contribute to their severity, hinder and obstruct the disaster response. Vulnerability is divided into three types, as follows.
3.2.1 Physical/material vulnerability: Weakness of the built environment and lack of access to physical and material resources i.e living in hazard prone areas or in unsafe buildings, lack of savings, insurance and assets.
3.2.2 Social/organizational vulnerability: Inequality in social systems that discriminate against and marginalize certain groups of people from accessing resources and services constitutes social/organizational vulnerability. People who have been marginalized in social, economic or political terms are vulnerable to disasters. Weakness in social and organizational areas may also cause disasters e.g. deep division can lead to conflict and war. Conflict of resources due to poverty can also lead to violence.
3.2.3 Attitudinal/motivational vulnerability: Existence of fatalistic myths and religious beliefs influence people’s vulnerability to disaster risks. If people believe that disasters are ‘acts of God’ and if they have low confidence in their ability to affect change or have ‘lost heart’ and feel defeated by events they cannot control, these people are often harder hit by disasters.
Vulnerability matrix
Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational
SHIKARPUR is prone to various kinds of natural hazards especially to the floods. River Indus which flows on the district North East side has inundated and hit hard SHIKARPUR in 2010 floods. The 2012 floods were causes due to heavy monsoon rains
Population is the major issue of the district. Rapid population growth in the district is out of control which is leading to many socio-economic problems in the society increasing crime rates, urbanization problems in cities, jobs scarcity, mismanagement etc.
Conservatism of some of the groups in the communities tries to avoid good positive change and foreign aid.
Developmental projects lack mainstreaming of DRR measures.
According to the statistics figured out in 1998, about
In spite of the NGOs awareness efforts most of
50 Participant’s Course workbook (ADPC)
HAZARD, VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS34
Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational Non availability of disaster resilient structures and low standard material used in the construction has increased the structural vulnerability.
76% of the district population lived in rural areas lacking basic facilities of life like education and health etc.2
the local communities are still unawareness of their risks and natural hazards like flood.
Early warning system mechanism of the district is not efficient. Modern technology is required to install for better anticipation of the disasters.
Clashes among the tribes are common in Shikarpur district. Many innocent people have been killed in bilateral clashes of Maher and Jatoi tribes. Still issues have not been settled between these tribes 5
The patriarchal system is prevailed in the most of the tribes and rural areas which is limiting women rights. Sometimes females are exposed to domestic violence
Some local leaders of vulnerable communities misguide the local NGOs and try to influence them.
The district has an extreme climate. Maximum temperature in summer goes up to 42C. May, June and July are the hottest months while temperature in winter comes down to 90C. (minimum temp)2
The literacy rate of Shikarpur is not impressive though number of primary schools and colleges are there but still the quality of education system is not up to the mark.
SHIKARPUR is an historical district having much old building architecture. Such buildings are prone to natural disasters like earthquakes and floods.
People are lacking sustainable livelihood which further increases their vulnerability against disasters.
The Sindh Canal 6 and Begari Canal between Shikarpur and Jacobabad
districts, which developed a breach during floods 2010, inundated most
area of the district and damaged crops and buildings.4
Encroachments and settlements near river belt is making people vulnerable to flood hazard.
3.3 Capacity Capacity is contrasted to vulnerability. Ability to perform or produce is capacity. Capacities are resources, means and strengths, which exist in households and communities and which enable them to cope with, withstand, prepare for, prevent, mitigate or quickly recover from a disaster.
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR35
The combination of all the strengths attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals make up its capacity51.
3.3.1 Physical/material c apacity: In most disasters, people suffer their greatest losses in the physical and material realm. Access to physical/material things or objects count as physical capacity. Few examples of physical and material capacity are cash, food, land, properties and tools.
3.3.2 Social /organizational capacity: However, even when everything physical is destroyed, people still have their skills, experiences and knowledge; they have family and social networks. They have leaders and systems for making decisions. They also have local, collective ‘wisdom’ reflected in their cultural practices that help them reduce or cope with disaster risks.
3.3.3 Attitudinal/motivational capacity: People also have positive attitudes and strong motivations such as the will to survive and willingness to help each other.
Capacity matrix
Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational Many schools, colleges, mosques and health centres known as critical infrastructures are available in the district which can be helpful both in routine and extreme circumstances
DDMA Shikarpur is a capacity of the district. It implements the DRR policies and coordinates with other stakeholders in routine and extreme circumstances.
Skills and knowledge of the old age people is real capacity of the local area.
District contingency plan is the real asset of the district because it contains all the stakeholder’s contact numbers, flood camps, health facilities and Data of the available resources.3
District government departments are assigned their roles and responsibilities in the contingency plan of the district. They have already prepared and organized mobile teams of their respective departments like health and livestock
There is a great change felt in the attitudes of both
government officials and community by the formation
of DMAs.
SHIKARPUR acquired All local NGOs and INGOs and Wish/will to survive and
51 Participant’s Course workbook (ADPC)
HAZARD, VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS36
Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational economic importance because of its strategic location on the map of Sindh, being directly accessible to those who come from Central and West Asia through the Bolan Pass.
aid agencies provide technical and financial support to the vulnerable and hard hit communities.
sense of independence has given strength to the community people. The villagers don’t love to be dependent on others.
As most of the population lives in rural areas so majority of the people are connected to agricultural sector and are producing crops like sugarcane, wheat, rice and cotton. There are two main crop seasons; Kharif" and "Rabi" in SHIKARPUR District.
Police and Pak Army with their limited resources help the disaster hit communities. Police try to evacuate people to safer places and maintain law and order situation while Army helps in search & rescue and first aid assistance. (Army Doctors)
Volunteers and philanthropists from all over the districts provide financial and physical support to the local population in times of emergency.
Agricultural land of the district is mostly irrigated by Canals. However, other modes of land irrigation like pumps and tube wells are also available.
Disaster Management Committees (DMCs) are formed at the union council levels which are in contact with DDMA Shikarpur and other stakeholders. 3
Some of the humanitarian organizations are running awareness sessions in the vulnerable communities regarding DRR and DRM. They are also doing advocacy for them on different platforms.
Urban Drainage Schemes are good enough in District Shikarpur and all urban localities are covered with drainage, sewerage or open pacca drain systems.
The local media augments the voices of the vulnerable segments of local population.
Trainings have been conducted in disaster prone UCs to train the local community on �rst aid and search and rescue.
Forests keep environment clean, stop soil erosion and meet domestic energy requirements. In Shikarpur District, the forest area is spread over 24.0 thousand hectares which is 2.1% of the total area under forest in Sindh in the year 1997-98. 2
The traditional joint family system is found in the rural areas of the district. Joint family system provides social security in the society.
Technical and educated people from the vulnerable communities are invited for risk assessment process. They do their assessment at local level.
The district has different manufacturing units like textile, beverage, rice and oil
Union council’s sectaries are helpful because they keep data and information of the
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR37
Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational mills. There is an industrial estate established in Shikarpur district which is located in District Headquarters Shikarpur.
whole union council.
The district has national and provincial highways network
Religious organizations and madrasa’s students do provide their services in times of emergency and facilitate search and rescue activities.
. SHIKARPUR was known as “OLD Paris” because of its modern buildings of that time and still some of those buildings exist in the district.1
Pickles and sweets of the district are famous. Besides these metal goods, carpets, cotton cloth, and embroidery are also part of their trade and collecting revenue and income by exporting them to other districts
COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES ANNEXURES38
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DISTRICT SHIKARPUR39
4 Coordination and Support Services
4.1 Important Contacts
4.1.1 Departmental Focal Points Focal Point Contact Number Source EDO Health 0761-920022 www.sindhhealth.gov.pk/
EDO Agriculture 0791 - 515095 http://allahdingroup.com/tel_dir.php EDO Education 0726-920060-3 www.rsu-sindh.gov.pk/Link/telehphones.html DPO Shikarpur 0726-920100, 920200-1 Sindh Contingency Plan
4.1.2 List of Taluka Nazims with Address Taluka Name Address
Shikarpur Zafar Ali Shaikh Pir Nabi Shah Muhalla Shikarpur
Garhi Yasin Mr. Najaf Ali Khan Soomra Muhalla Madeji Town
Lakhi Ghulam Shah Muhammad Imran Village Shafi Muhammad Mangi
Khanpur Mehdi Hassan Khan Jatoi Village Sardar Khadim Hussain Khan Jatoi , Taluka Khanpur. Source: Election Commission of Pakistan
4.1.3 List of NGOs Working in Shikarpur Name Contact Al-MSWA Shikarpur 0306-3646257 Azad SWA Shikarpur 0300-3181146 CRC Shikarpur 0301-3420456 DIN Shikarpur 0333-7289826 Shikarpur Historical Society 0333-2680895 Al- Madina Social Welfare Association 0331-3100355 Azad Social Welfare Association 0333-7124816 Human Social Development Organization 0344-397 9774 Sindhri Development welfare Organization 0302-2888781 Rustam Social Welfare Association 0306-3650948 Sindh Seengar Social Welfare Association 0333-7168458 Sartiyoon Social Welfare Organization 0301-3406577, 0726-602378 Marvi Women Welfare Association 0333-7273873 Mehran Village Development And Social Welfare Association 0301-3889951 Village Social Welfare Association Arain 0331-3672245
Source: SPO and Pakistan Centre for Development Communication
COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES ANNEXURES 40
4.2 Health Facilities List of health facilities are provided by WHO
4.2.1 List of BHUs Sr # Name TALUKA UC
1 MIRZAPUR Garhi Yasin Amrote 2 AMROTE SHARIF Garhi Yasin Amrote 3 KABALO Garhi Yasin Bhambhir 4 DAKHAN Garhi Yasin Dakhan 5 ALI KHAN Garhi Yasin Dakhan 6 MAROO KAKEPOTA Garhi Yasin Garhi Yasin 7 CHATTO MANGI Garhi Yasin Jindo Dero 8 GAHEJA Garhi Yasin Mirzapur 9 DODO DETHO Garhi Yasin Naushahro Abro
10 NIM Garhi Yasin Nim 11 ALLAHABAD Garhi Yasin Shhato Mangi 12 NABI SHAH WAGAN Garhi Yasin Waryaso 13 GARHI TEGO Khanpur Garhi Tegho 14 GARHI BUDHAL Khanpur Ghari Dhako 15 HAJI KHAN KALHORO Khanpur Shabira Abad 16 RUSTAM Khanpur Thanhrio 17 TARAI Khanpur Zarkhel 18 ABDU Lakhi Bhirkan 19 NIMORO Lakhi Bhirkan 20 JHALIKALWARI Lakhi Lakhi 21 RUK Lakhi Lakhi 22 ESSO TANWARI Lakhi Rustam 23 BADO Lakhi Sehwani 24 TAIB GOTH Lakhi Taib 25 DHANI BUX MALIK Lakhi Taib 26 WAZIRABAD Lakhi Wazirabad 27 JAMRA Lakhi Wazirabad 28 DEPUTY JO BUNGLOW Shikarpur Hamayun 29 HAMAYOON Shikarpur Hamayun 30 JAGGAN Shikarpur Jagan 31 ADAM KHAN Shikarpur Jagan 32 JEHAN KHAN Shikarpur Jahanwah 33 SHERAN PUR Shikarpur Jahanwah 34 DARWESH KAKEPOTA Shikarpur Jano 35 HAJI KHAWASTI Shikarpur Lodra
DISTRICT SHIKARPUR41
4.2.2 List of RHCs Sr # Name TALUKA UC
1 GARHI YASIN Garhi Yasin Nim 2 KHANPUR Khanpur Ghari Dhako 3 MIAN JO GOTH Khanpur Mian Sahib 4 RAHIMABAD Khanpur Rahimabad 5 NADIRABAD Khanpur Shabira Abad 6 CHAK Lakhi Sehwani 7 SULTAN KOT Shikarpur Hamayun
4.2.3 List of Dispensaries Sr # Name TALUKA UC
1 JINDO Garhi Yasin Jindo Dero 2 AAYO Garhi Yasin Mirzapur 3 SARDARPUR Khanpur Garhi Tegho 4 SHIKARPUR Khanpur Ghari Dhako 5 QADIR Khanpur Rahimabad 6 CHODIO Lakhi Abdoo 7 BUDH Lakhi Bhirkan 8 MOHAMMAD Lakhi Chak 9 BHIRKAN Lakhi Chak
10 BORRIRI Lakhi Rustam 11 POLICE Shikarpur Jano 12 NEW Shikarpur Lodra 13 MOHD. Shikarpur Lodra
4.2.4 List of Hospitals Sr # Name TALUKA UC
1 GOVT. Garhi Yasin Jindo Dero 2 TALUKA Lakhi Abdoo 3 RBUT Shikarpur Jano 4 WOMEN Shikarpur Jano 5 HIRANAND Shikarpur Jano
4.2.5 List of Maternal and Child Health Centres Sr # Name TALUKA UC
1 MIAN Khanpur Mian Sahib 2 BHIRKAN Lakhi Chak 3 SHIKARPUR Lakhi Ruk 4 ALIABAD Lakhi Rustam
