Shunsuke Sugano - jci-net.or.jp · PDF fileSelf-Compacting Concrete ... Performance of High...

Application of High-Strength and High-

Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions 1

081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighApplication of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--

Performance Concrete in Seismic RegionsPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions1

APPLICATION OF

HIGHHIGH--STRENGTH AND STRENGTH AND

HIGHHIGH--PERFORMANCE CONCRETEPERFORMANCE CONCRETEIN SEISMIC REGIONS

8HSC/HPC Symposium

Toshi Center Hotel, Tokyo, October 27 –29, 2008

Shunsuke SuganoShunsuke SuganoProfessor Emeritus

Hiroshima University



Outline of PresentationOutline of Presentation

Seismicity

EQ DamageHigh-Strength

Fire-ResistanceSelf-Compacting

High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

OutlineOutline

BackgroundBackground

1) Backgrounds1) Backgrounds

JCI Technical Committees onJCI Technical Committees onStructural Performance of HighStructural Performance of High--Strength Concrete StructuresStrength Concrete StructuresUtilization of HighUtilization of High--Strength and HighStrength and High--Performance ConcretePerformance Concrete

2) Seismicity around Japan and EQ Damage2) Seismicity around Japan and EQ Damage

3) Overview of Application of HSC/HPC in Japan3) Overview of Application of HSC/HPC in Japan

HighHigh--Strength ConcreteStrength ConcreteHigh-Strength ConcreteFire-Resistant Concrete

HighHigh--Performance ConcretePerformance ConcreteSelf-Compacting ConcreteHigh-Durability ConcreteHigh-Ductility Concrete

4) Concluding Remarks4) Concluding Remarks



JCI Committees on HSC/HPCJCI Committees on HSC/HPCTechnical Committee on

Structural Performance of HSC StructuresStructural Performance of HSC Structures (2004.4 - 2006.3)

To review the state of research and design of HSC structures

To prepare technical reports of structural performance of HSC structures.

Subcommittees on “structural performance” and “structural design”

Technical Committee on

Utilization of HSC/HPCUtilization of HSC/HPC (2006.4 - 2008.3)

To review the state of research, design and application of HSC/HPC

To prepare keynote papers for 8HSC/HPC Symposium

Subcommittees on “High-strength & Fire-resistance”

“Self-Compacting & High-durability”

“Fiber-reinforced & High-ductility”

HighHigh--Strength Concrete (HSC)Strength Concrete (HSC)

HighHigh--Performance Concrete (HPC)Performance Concrete (HPC)The “high-strength concrete” added with “high-function" such as;

high-durability,

high-ductility,

self-compacting,

fire-resistance.

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

OutlineOutline




８８８８８８８８HSC/HPCHSC/HPC Keynote LecturesKeynote LecturesFrom Japan Concrete Institute (JCI)

Subcommittee on High-strength & Fire-resistant

KN1: Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Reinforcement (Prof. Nishiyama, Oct.27 am)

Subcommittee on Self-Compacting & High-durability

KN2: Highly Durable Concrete in Japan (Dr. Yokota, Oct.27 pm)

KN3: Self-Compacting Concrete in Japan (Prof. Ohuchi, Oct.27 pm)

Subcommittee on Fiber-reinforced & High-ductility

KN4: Review of Japanese Recommendations on Design and Construction of Different

Classes of Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Applications Examples (Prof. Uchida,

Oct.28 am)

From Japan Prestressed Concrete Engineering Association (JPCEA)Committee on Design and Construction for Prestressed Concrete Structures Using

High-strength Concrete

KN5: Outline of “Guidelines for Design and Construction of High-strength Concrete for

Prestressed Concrete Structures” (Prof. Mutsuyoshi, Oct.28 pm)

From fédération internationale du béton (fib)Commission 8 on Concrete

KN6: Constituting modeling of HSC/HPC - a survey on fib Bulletin 42 (Prof. Dehn, Oct.28 pm)

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

OutlineOutline




8HSC/HPC Invited Lectures8HSC/HPC Invited Lectures

From Committee on Utilization of HSC/HPC (JCI)Professor Shunsuke Sugano, Hiroshima University, JAPANApplication of High Strength and High Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions

From Europe (fib)Professor Joost Walraven, Delft University of Technology, THE NETHERLANDSHigh Performance Fibre Concrete: a material with a large potential

From America (ACI)Professor John J. Myers, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USAThe Use of High Strength / High Performance Concrete in America: A Code and Application Perspective

From Europe (fib)Dr. Tor Arne Hammer, COIN - Concrete Innovation Centre by SINTEF, NORWAYFuture HPC - Driven by Industrial Need for Innovation as well as Environmental andSocial Needs

From Asia (ACF)Professor Takumi Shimomura, Nagaoka University of Technology, JAPANHigh Strength and High Performance Concrete in the Asian Countries and Regions

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

OutlineOutline




Population: 127billion Population: 127billion →→High population densityHigh population density

Land area : 378000 kmLand area : 378000 km22 (smaller than (smaller than CCaliforniaalifornia ) )

Length from N to S : 3500 km (1800 miles)Length from N to S : 3500 km (1800 miles)

Extend along the borders of four major platesExtend along the borders of four major plates

North America plate

Eurasian

plate

Philippine plate

Pacific

plate

Seismicity around JapanSeismicity around Japan

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background





WeWeWeWeWeWeWeWe sitsitsitsitsitsitsitsit oooooooon n n n n n n n a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.a high density seismic area.

We have to prepare for We have to prepare for We have to prepare for We have to prepare for We have to prepare for We have to prepare for We have to prepare for We have to prepare for huge earthquakeshuge earthquakeshuge earthquakeshuge earthquakeshuge earthquakeshuge earthquakeshuge earthquakeshuge earthquakes..

Data: National Research Institutefor Earth Science and Disaster Prevention

Pacific plate

North America plate

Eurasian plate

Philippine plate

Recent Earthquake RecordsRecent Earthquake Records

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



19231923192319231923192319231923 Kanto (M7.9)Kanto (M7.9) 19481948194819481948194819481948 Fukui (M7.1)Fukui (M7.1) 19641964196419641964196419641964 Niigata (M7.5)Niigata (M7.5)

19951995199519951995199519951995 KobeKobe (M7.2)(M7.2)19681968196819681968196819681968 TokachiTokachi--oki (M7.9)oki (M7.9)Chronology and Impact of

Major EarthquakesChronology and Impact of Chronology and Impact of

Major EarthquakesMajor Earthquakes

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Damage to RC Buildings due to 1968 Tokachi-oki Earthquake

Damage to RC Buildings Damage to RC Buildings due to 1968 Tokachidue to 1968 Tokachi--oki Earthquakeoki Earthquake

Shear failure of short columns�Damage to many RC buildings due to shear failure of short columns

�After the earthquake:

Revision of concrete standard

Revision of building standard law

Investigation of seismic behavior of RC buildings

�Removal of building height limit in 1964 and 36F Kasumigaseki

Building (steel) in 1968.

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Damage to SRC/RC Buildings due to 1995 Kobe Earthquake

Damage to SRC/RC Buildings due to Damage to SRC/RC Buildings due to

1995 Kobe Earthquake1995 Kobe Earthquake

Mid-story Collapse of Mixed RC/SRC Building (1995 Kobe Earthquake)

●●●●Engineered mid-rise RC and SRC buildings experienced full story-

collapse at some intermediary floors.

●●●● This earthquake created another opportunity to re-assess the engineering

practice and improve the design and construction procedures.

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



HSC Buildings in and around TokyoHSC Buildings in and around Tokyo

Use: Apartment houseUse: Apartment house

Height: 192m, No. of story: 56Height: 192m, No. of story: 56

Concrete: Fc100MPaConcrete: Fc100MPa

Use: Apartment houseUse: Apartment house

Height: 204m, No. of story: 59Height: 204m, No. of story: 59

Concrete: Fc150MPaConcrete: Fc150MPa

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength

Fire-ResistantSelf-Compacting

High-DurabilityFiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background

Japan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on StructurJapan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on Structural al

Performance of HighPerformance of High--Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7 Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7 T. Ueda et al: Design and Construction of HighT. Ueda et al: Design and Construction of High--rise R/C rise R/C

Apartment Building of 59 Stories, Concrete Journal, JCI, 2007.3Apartment Building of 59 Stories, Concrete Journal, JCI, 2007.3



P3 P2 P1P3 P2 P1

A 120MPa Concrete BridgeA 120MPa Concrete Bridge

((Pedestrian OverpassPedestrian Overpass))

Section of Main Beam

Side Elevation

Bridge length: 63.7m

Span: 33.2m +25.9m

Width of road: 8.8m

Depth of beam: 1.2m

(span / beam depth=27.7)

Concrete strength: 120N/mm2

Japan Concrete Institute: Technical

Committee Report on Structural

Performance of High-Strength Concrete

Structures, 2006.7

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background





Transition of Number of High-Rise RC Buildings

Designed Year (at the end of appraisal)

No. of

Building

BCJ dataBCJ data

(as of 2007.6)(as of 2007.6)

Over 60m highOver 60m high

Total number Total number

over 500over 500

Evolution of HighEvolution of High--Rise RC buildings Rise RC buildings

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background

Transition of Number of HighTransition of Number of High--Rise RC buildingsRise RC buildings

Japan Concrete Institute: Japan Concrete Institute:

Technical Committee Report Technical Committee Report

on Structural Performance of on Structural Performance of

HighHigh--Strength Concrete Strength Concrete

Structures, 2006.7 Structures, 2006.7



Transition of Concrete StrengthTransition of Concrete StrengthTransition of Concrete Strength

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

設計年

コン

クリ

ート

設計

基準

強度

Fc

　[N

/mm

2]

実績最大値各年最大値

各年平均値

各年最小値

Spe

cifie

d de

sign

str

engt

h

F

c (M

Pa)

Year (end of structural design evaluation)

Maximum past record

Annual maximum value

Annual average value

Annual minimum value

Evolution of HighEvolution of High--Strength Materials Strength Materials

New RC

Project

New RC New RC

ProjectProject

Characteristics

of UFCComp. Behavior

of ColumnsSeismic Behavior

of Columns

Seismic Behavior

of B-C Joints

Concluding

Remarks

ObjectivesObjectives

& Scope& Scope

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background


Performance of HighPerformance of High--Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7 Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7



実績最大値各年最大値各年平均値各年最小値

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

設計年

主筋

(降伏

)強度

fy　

[N/m

m2]

Tens

ile y

ield

str

engt

h

for

long

itudi

nal b

ars

fy (

MP

a)

Year (end of structural design evaluation)

Maximum past record

Annual maximum value

Annual average value

Annual minimum value

New RC

Project

New RC New RC

ProjectProject

SD390SD390

SDSD６８５６８５６８５６８５６８５６８５６８５６８５

Evolution of HighEvolution of High--Strength Materials Strength Materials

Transition of Strength of Longitudinal BarsTransition of Strength of Longitudinal BarsTransition of Strength of Longitudinal Bars

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background





What Made High-Rise RC Buildings

Possible ?

Development of:

�High-strength

concrete and steel.

�Techniques to

secure ductility of

members.

�Analytical tools for

design.

�New construction

techniques and quality

control technology.

＜＜＜＜＜＜＜＜19721972＞＞＞＞＞＞＞＞

●●●●●●●● 18 Stories18 Stories

●●●●●●●● fcfc’’ 30 MPa30 MPa

●●●●●●●● Small Span frameSmall Span frame

＜＜＜＜＜＜＜＜20052005＞＞＞＞＞＞＞＞

●●●●●●●● 59 Stories59 Stories

●●●●●●●● fcfc’’ 150 MPa150 MPa

●●●●●●●● Large interior spaceLarge interior space

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Co

st

ind

ex (

%)

Number of story

25-story High-RC: 100

High RC

Steel

SRC

High RC has larger cost merit than

those of Steel and SRC buildings

SRC

Working period (day)

Nu

mb

er

of

sto

ry

High R

C

Steel (fire resistingcovering)

Steel (

erectio

n)

High RC buildings can be constructed with

equal period to that of steel buildings

� Habitability due to High Stiffness,

� Good Sound Insulation,

� Constructionability and Economy

�� Habitability due to High Stiffness, Habitability due to High Stiffness,

�� Good Sound Insulation,Good Sound Insulation,

�� ConstructionabilityConstructionability and Economy and Economy

Why High-Rise RC Building ?Why HighWhy High--Rise RCRise RC Building ?

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Application of HSC to Public Works StructuresApplication of HSC to Public Works Structures

Bridge (60-80N/mm2) Pile plank (70N/mm2)

Snow shelter (60-75N/mm2) Rock shed (60-75N/mm2)

PC well (50N/mm2)

Japan Concrete

Institute: Report of

Technical Committee

on Structural

Performance of High-

Strength Concrete

Structures, 2006.7

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background





40 50 10

40 40 20

57 29 14

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Girder structure

Main beam concrete

higher than 80N/mm2

Cable stayed bridge

Extradosed bridge

Girder structure

Main beam concrete

lower than 80N/mm2

Light-

weighting

Reduce beam

depth

Cost

reduction

Landscape

Rapid

construction

Why HSC for Bridge Structures?Why HSC for Bridge StructuresWhy HSC for Bridge Structures?

Japan Concrete

Institute: Report of

Technical Committee on

Structural Performance

of High-Strength

Concrete Structures,

2006.7

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Name:

Park City Musashi Kosugi

Use: CondominiumLocation:Nakahara-ward, KawasakiCity, Kanagawa Pref.

No. of Story: 59F (B1, PF2F)Height of Building: 197.6 m

Maximum Height: 203.5 mTotal Floor Area: 103,670 m2

Structure: RC Moment FramesConcrete Strength: Fc150 MPaMain Bar: SD678 (σσσσy: 685MPa)

Design: Takenaka CorporationConstruction:

Takenaka Corporation

Construction Period:

2005.10 – 2009.2

T. Ueda et al: Design and Construction

of High-rise R/C Apartment Building of 59

Stories, Concrete Journal, JCI, 2007.3

A 150MPa Concrete BuildingA 150MPa Concrete Building

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Section and Floor PlanSection and Floor PlanSection and Floor Plan

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Column

Section

Casting

Column

Concrete

As of

May 28

2007

T. Ueda et al: Design and

Construction of High-rise

R/C Apartment Building

of 59 Stories, Concrete

Journal, JCI, 2007.3

ConstructionConstructionConstruction

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Strength of Concrete CoreStrength of Concrete CoreStrength of Concrete Core

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Fresh ConcreteFresh ConcreteFresh Concrete

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background





Fire Resistant ConcreteFire Resistant Concrete

Spalling due to

steam pressure

Water content

Organic fiber

Fiber is evaporated by high

temperature forming a micro

cavity and steam pressure is

reduced.

Ordinary

high-strerngth

concrete

Fire-resistant

high-strerngth

concrete

T. Ueda et al: Design and Construction

of High-rise R/C Apartment Building of 59

Stories, Concrete Journal, JCI, 2007.3

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Steel Fiber Reinforced ConcreteSteel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

Prevention of

separation and

fall down of

concrete

Separation and

fall down of

concrete due to

lateral

displacement

Steel fiber

Ordinary High-strength Concrete

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Structural Test on HSC and UHSC ColumnsStructural Test on HSC and UHSC Columns

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



SelfSelf--Compacting ConcreteCompacting Concrete

Concept of SCCConcept of SCC Composition of SCCComposition of SCC

MixMix--proportioning of SCCproportioning of SCCAutomatic Acceptance Test of SCCAutomatic Acceptance Test of SCC

M. Ohuchi et al:M. Ohuchi et al: SelfSelf--Compacting Concrete in Japan, Compacting Concrete in Japan,

Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



SelfSelf--compacting Concretecompacting Concrete

Congested reinforcing bars Congested reinforcing bars

in a bridge pierin a bridge pier

Advantages of using

self-compacting concrete

(1) Shortening the construction period of large-scale structures.

(2) Ensuring the filling of concrete into densely reinforced portions where the use of an internal vibrator is impracticable.

(3) Reducing the vibration noise during the production of concrete products.

(4) Increasing the durability of concrete structures by minimizing the placement-related defects.

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Transition of Design of HighTransition of Design of High--Rise BuildingsRise Buildings (1963(1963--2002)2002)

Designed Year

01020304050

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

RC:293

0102030

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

CFT:106

010

2030

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

SRC: 245

0

2040

60

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Ｓ: 684

Number of

Buildings

Number of

Buildings

Number of

Buildings

Number of

Buildings Steel

Steel Reinforced Concrete

Reinforced Concrete

Concrete Filled Tubular

Steel

Steel Reinforced Concrete

Concrete Filled Tube

Reinforced Concrete

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background







Hat Truss Precast Slab

Truss Girder

Steel Box Column H – Section Column

HSC CFT Column

A 40A 40--story CFT Buildingstory CFT Building

Beam-Column Joint of CFT

Bottom-up Pumping

(60MPa Concrete, height 62m)

Floor Plan

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



PumpingHole

Diaphragm

in mm

Steel Tube Specimen

for Bottom-up Pumping

Diaphragm of CFT Column

Appearance of Concrete

beneath the Diaphragm

Test of BottomTest of Bottom--up Pumpingup Pumping

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



HighHigh--Durability ConcreteDurability Concrete

AcidAcid--resistant concreteresistant concrete

Normal concrete

Acid-resistant concrete Application of stayApplication of stay--inin--place place forms to a fierce chlorideforms to a fierce chloride--

laden environmentladen environment

H. Yokota et al: Highly Durable Concrete in Japan, H. Yokota et al: Highly Durable Concrete in Japan,

Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



HighHigh--Ductility Concrete (ECC)Ductility Concrete (ECC)

Rehabilitation of a tunnel using ECCRehabilitation of a tunnel using ECC

Section of tunnel and Section of tunnel and

rehabilitation schemerehabilitation scheme Shotcreting of ECCShotcreting of ECC

EEngineeredngineered CCementitiousementitious CCompositeompositeECC is characterized by strain hardening under tensile stress, which is a unique performance

that has never been found in conventional cement concrete. This performance of ECC keeps

cracks fine, leading to large tensile deformation and ductility.

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background

Y. Uchida et al. : Review of Japanese Recommendations on Design and

Construction of Different Classes of Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Applications Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HOC, 2008.10



A highA high--rise RC housing complex using ECC for coupling beams rise RC housing complex using ECC for coupling beams

between core walls (41between core walls (41--story and 150m height)story and 150m height)

coupling beamCore wall

Core wall

ECC coupling beam

Support column

Flat slab

HighHigh--Ductility Concrete (ECC)Ductility Concrete (ECC)

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Composition of UFC

Stress- Strain Relationship

Ultra-High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

HighHigh--Ductility Concrete (UFC)Ductility Concrete (UFC)

UFC is an epoch-making high-ductility/high-durability concrete

having a compressive strength exceeding 150 N/mm2 as well

as a high tensile strength exceeding 10 N/mm2.

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background





SakataSakata--MiraiMirai Bridge Using 200MPa UFCBridge Using 200MPa UFC

Previousbridge

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Ordinary Concrete

40N/mm2

Outer cable PS structure

Span：：：：50m

Floor thickness：：：：5cm

Web thickness：：：：8cm

UFC 200N/mm2 Steel Girder

Main cable

25S15.28x2

Main cable

19S15.28x4

Effective

width

1.6 m

Effective

width

1.6 m

Effective

width

1.6 m

1.56

2.1

3.0

Sakata Mirai Bridge

Comparison of Girder SectionComparison of Girder Section

Reference

Nikkei construction:

September 13, 2002

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



JSCE Recommendations for ECC and UFCECC and UFC

Recommendations for Design and Construction of

High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement

Composite with Multiple Fine Cracks (HPFRCC), 2007

Recommendations for Design and Construction of

Ultra High-Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Structures (Draft), 2006

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Social Needs

Higher buildingWider living space

Smaller member

section

Longer durability

Potential Needs

If a building is free from earthquakes by

using seismic isolation, novel

design and creation of new space can be possible using UFC.

Needs of UFC for Buildings

A test frame of 150MPa concrete

columns supported by seismic

isolation system

(fundamental period: 10 second)

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Structural Test of UFC Columns and B-C Joints

Seismicity

EQ Damage

High-Strength



High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks (1)(1)

■■■■■■■■ HighHigh--StrengthStrength Concrete (HSC)Concrete (HSC)

HSC up to 120MPa strength has been applied to many civil HSC up to 120MPa strength has been applied to many civil

engineering structures (bridges, tanks, shelter, etc.)engineering structures (bridges, tanks, shelter, etc.)

HSC up to 150MPa strength has been applied to many highHSC up to 150MPa strength has been applied to many high--

rise RC buildings, mostly housing complexes.rise RC buildings, mostly housing complexes.

Development of higher strength concrete than 120MPa, Development of higher strength concrete than 120MPa,

however, less expensive than 200MPahowever, less expensive than 200MPa--UFC, is required.UFC, is required.

Development of highDevelopment of high--strength added with highstrength added with high--durability durability

concrete is required on the extension of ordinary concrete.concrete is required on the extension of ordinary concrete.

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background






■■■■■■■■ SelfSelf--Compacting ConcreteCompacting Concrete （（（（（（（（SCC)SCC)

SCC has been applied to many civil engineering structures SCC has been applied to many civil engineering structures

(tunnels, bridges, underground LNG tanks, etc.) where (tunnels, bridges, underground LNG tanks, etc.) where

casting and vibrating concrete is difficult.casting and vibrating concrete is difficult.

SCC has been applied to many CFT buildings and seismic SCC has been applied to many CFT buildings and seismic

rehabilitation of existing buildings (placing walls and rehabilitation of existing buildings (placing walls and

jacketing columns with concrete) where casting and jacketing columns with concrete) where casting and

vibrating concrete is difficult.vibrating concrete is difficult.

Comprehensive estimation of the cost by owners Comprehensive estimation of the cost by owners

considering LCC as well as initial cost will promote the considering LCC as well as initial cost will promote the

dissemination of SCC.dissemination of SCC.

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background




■■■■■■■■ HighHigh--Durability Concrete (HDC)Durability Concrete (HDC)

Durability Enhancement by Innovation in Materials Durability Enhancement by Innovation in Materials

Improvement and Mix ProportioningImprovement and Mix Proportioning

Durability Enhancement by HighlyDurability Enhancement by Highly--Durable StayDurable Stay--inin--Place Place

Forms. Forms.

Design and production of highly durable concrete are Design and production of highly durable concrete are

strongly requested for realizing sustainability. Though strongly requested for realizing sustainability. Though

the initial cost is high for HDC, LCC may be decreased. the initial cost is high for HDC, LCC may be decreased.

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background




■■■■■■■■ HighHigh--Ductility Concrete (ECC)Ductility Concrete (ECC)

ECC has been applied to many civil engineering structures ECC has been applied to many civil engineering structures (tunnels, bridges, gravity dams, etc.) where cracks must (tunnels, bridges, gravity dams, etc.) where cracks must be kept fine or large ductility is required. be kept fine or large ductility is required.

ECC was applied to connecting beams between 3ECC was applied to connecting beams between 3--D shear D shear walls in a highwalls in a high--rise RC building because of its excellent rise RC building because of its excellent energy absorbing performance.energy absorbing performance.

JSCE published recommendations for JSCE published recommendations for ““Multiple Fine CrackMultiple Fine Crack--type Fibertype Fiber--Reinforced Cementitious Composite (drafts) in Reinforced Cementitious Composite (drafts) in March 2007. March 2007.

Comprehensive estimation of the cost by owners Comprehensive estimation of the cost by owners considering LCC as well as initial cost will promote the considering LCC as well as initial cost will promote the dissemination of ECC.dissemination of ECC.

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background



Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks (5)(5)■■■■■■■■ HighHigh--Ductility Concrete (UFC)Ductility Concrete (UFC)

UFC with 150 MPa or more strength has been applied to UFC with 150 MPa or more strength has been applied to bridges where 1) small member thickness, 2) light weight, bridges where 1) small member thickness, 2) light weight, 3) small beam depth, 4) no reinforcing bars, are required. 3) small beam depth, 4) no reinforcing bars, are required.

UFC has not been applied to main structures in buildings, UFC has not been applied to main structures in buildings, though R/D studies have been conducted. though R/D studies have been conducted.

JSCE published recommendations for JSCE published recommendations for ““Design and Design and Construction of UltraConstruction of Ultra--highhigh--strength Fiberstrength Fiber--reinforced reinforced Concrete (drafts) in September 2004. Concrete (drafts) in September 2004.

Cost estimation by owners considering LCC and preparation Cost estimation by owners considering LCC and preparation of law for special materials will promote the dissemination of law for special materials will promote the dissemination of UFC for building structures.of UFC for building structures.

Seismicity



High-Durability

Fiber-Reinforced

High-Ductility

Concluding

Remarks

Outline

Background

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