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7/30/2019 ShutterBugs - Beginners/Back to Basics PP notes
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Using Your Digital CameraAperture
The aperture is simply the hole that controls the amount of light pas
the lens into the camera - the bigger the hole the more light passes t
It is one of the two components that control the amount of light tha
image sensor in your camera. The other is shutter speed
Measured in f-stops or f/numbers for example f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6,f/8
Moving from one f-stop to the next doubles or halves the size of the
opening in your lens (and the amount of light getting through)
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture
Range
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture
What does f/number mean:
f/number = focal length/diameter of aperture
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture
How using
different
apertures effects
the image
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture
Depth of Field
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority (selectAorAv)
semi automatic
you choose the aperture
the camera chooses the appropriate shutter speed
this will then produce the correct exposure
useful in low light situations
when you want to control how much of the image is
in focus
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different apertures effects the image
Using f/4 produces a shallow depth of field
A great way to isolate your subject by drawing attention to it
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the
image
An aperture of f/2.8 (on
the left) produces a
shallow depth of field
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the image
f/4 = smalldepth of field
great for portraits
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different apertures
effects the image
f/1.8 = verysmalldepth of field
The best effect is obtained atthe largest apertures (smallest
numbers) eg f/1.8 but these are
not normally found on zoom
lenses only on prime lenses
(fixed focal length lenses)
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the image
f/4 = smalldepth of field
great for portraits
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the image
f/4 = smalldepth of field
great for portraits
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the image
Using f/4 produces a small
depth of field
great for flowers
The Small Depth of Field
effect is enhanced when the
camera is quite near to the
subject
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the
image
f/4 = smalldepth of fieldGreat for insects in the
garden!
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the image
f/4 = small depth of field -
great for product shots
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the image
f/4 = small depth of field
great for product shots!
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the
image
f/4 = small depth of field
great for product shots!
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the image
f/4 = small depth of field
great for oudoor scenics
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using
different apertures
effects the image
f/4 = small depth of
field
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the image
f/4 = small depth of field
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different apertures effects the image
Using f/4 produces a shallow depth of field - eg
f/4 f/16
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the
image
f/4 = smalldepth of field
f/16 = large depth of field
f/4 f/16
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Using Your Digital Camera
Aperture Priority
How using different
apertures effects the
image
Using an aperture of f/22
produces a largedepth of
field - ie everything in
focus from the near
foreground to the far
horizon
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital CameraFocussing
Auto Focus - AF Points
Although AF systems work very well
there are still some decisions you
may have to take about which part
of the scene you want the sharpest -
the focus point
The centre most AF point is usuallythe most accurate
However you can change which one
is active or group AF points using the
D pad
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital CameraFocussing
Auto Focus - AF Points
There are two types of autofocus sensors:
+ cross-type sensors (two-dimensionalcontrast detection, higher accuracy)
l vertical line sensors (one-dimensionalcontrast detection, lower accuracy)
Multiple AF points can work together for
improved reliability with a moving subject,
one point may be perfect for still subjects or
portraits
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital CameraFocussing
Auto Focus Modes
AF-S (Nikon) or One Shot AF (Canon) - focussing mode for still subjects - the camera once, and then locks AF for you to recompose and shoot. Use this for still subjects
AF-C (Nikon) or AI Servo AF (Canon) - focussing mode for moving subjects - the camefocusing as the subject moves. Use this for sports and vehicles in motion, like childrenbirds, aircraft etc
AF-A (Nikon) or AI Focus AF (Canon) - focussing mode for still & moving subjects (cadefault setting) - magically selects between the first two modes. This clever mode loosubject: if it's holding still, it locks the focus, if the subject is moving, it tracks it as it mand farther. You probably wont needed to select any other mode - the hybrid mode
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Focussing
Where autofocus doesnt work!A situation where you may wantto switch from Automatic toManual focus:
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Focussing:
Manual Focussing switch on lens barrel deactivates
autofocus (AF/MF)
manual focussing achieved using ring onlens barrel (DSLRs) or D-pad (Bridge/CSC)
useful when camera either cannot focus
itself or when you want to choose whereto focus - eg portraits or macro shots
Manual in Live view(Lv) - on screen - canmagnify shot up to x10 times to aidfocusing (good for macro shots. Focusingcontrol sometimes on the D pad
U i Y Di it l C
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Using Your Digital CameraFocussing:
Manual Focussing - useful when camera either
cannot focus itself or you choose to use manual - egportraits o macro shots
Fully Manual- switch on lens barrel deactivatesautofocus motor
manual focussing achieved using ring on lens
barrel (SLRs) or D-pad (Bridge/CSC)
Manual + Live view(Lv) - on screen - canmagnify shot up to x10 times to aid focusing(good for macro shots. Focusing controlsometimes on the D pad
U i Y Di it l C
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Using Your Digital CameraCamera Controls: Nikon D5100 on left, Canon 600D on right
NOAUTO TODAY!
U i Y Di it l C
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Using Your Digital CameraCamera Controls: Nikon D5100 on left, Canon 600D on right
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
MENUS:
CANON EOS 1100D
NIKON D3100
Using Your Digital Camera
http://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/T3/T3A3.HTMhttp://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/D3100/D3100A.HTMhttp://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/D3100/D3100A.HTMhttp://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/T3/T3A3.HTM7/30/2019 ShutterBugs - Beginners/Back to Basics PP notes
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Using Your Digital CameraMenus: Nikon D5100 on left, Canon 600D on right
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital CameraMenus: Nikon D5100 on left, Canon 600D on right
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital CameraMenus: Nikon D5100 on left, Canon 600D on right
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital CameraScreen display: Nikon D3100 on left, Canon 600D on right
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital CameraMenus - well look at a few:
Image Quality (Canon):Where you select either the file type:
NEF (RAW) + JPEG Fine
NEF (RAW) + JPEG Normal
NEF (RAW) + JPEG Basic
JPEG Fine
JPEG Normal*
JPEG Basic
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
White Balance: Adjusts the camera's colour balance
to match a variety of light sources
Long Exp. NR: Disables or enables the automaticNoise Reduction feature
High ISO NR: This option increases the camera'sNoise Reduction efforts in exposures at ISOs higherthan about 800
ISO: Changes the camera's sensitivity setting, from100 to 3200 (should be shortcut button on body)
Focus Area Frame: Specifies the number of AF
Picture Styles: a range of pre-prparameter sets intended to delivin different situations
Image Stabilization - there are twstabilization: one that's includedand one that's inside the lens. Re
type, stabilization helps to eliminphotos caused by camera shake
Menus: there are many, many other menus in your camera. Here are the on
U i Y Di i l C
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
no composition is right orwrong - it is totally subjective
viewers will have very diverse
opinions of the same shot
however there are useful tools
we can use to aid composition& make the image feel more
comfortable within the frame
U i Y Di i l C
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
Thirds rule
Golden Ratio
Diagonals
Leading lines
Creating depth
Framing
U i Y Di it l C
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
the thirds rule
U i Y Di it l C
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
the thirds rule
U i Y Di it l C
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Composition
the thirds rule
Using Your Digital Camera
U i Y Di it l C
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Composition
the thirds rule the rock is somewhat
uncomfortable right
in the middle
however the cloud
reflection on thediagonal re-balances
the image with
movement
Using Your Digital Camera
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital CameraComposition
The Golden Ratio
a mathematical formula for producing aesthetically pleasing comp
the reason the rule of thirds works)
Other derivations you may see:
The Golden Triangle, The Golden Rectangle & The Golden Spiral
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital CameraComposition
The Golden Triangle
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital CameraComposition
The Golden Triangle
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital CameraComposition
The Golden Rectangle
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital CameraComposition
The Golden Rectangle
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
The Golden Spiral
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
The Golden Spiral
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
The Golden Triangle The Golden Rectangle
The Golden Spiral
..they all relate to eachother
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
The Golden Spiral
Found in Valencia!
Iglesia de Santa Catalina
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
Symmetry
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
Symmetry
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
Texture
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
Diagonals
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
Leading Lines
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
Framing
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
Framing
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
Framing
Using Your Digital Camera
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Using Your Digital Camera
Composition
Framing
Using Your Digital Camera
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Us g ou g ta Ca e a
Composition
Low viewpointadds drama
Using Your Digital Camera
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g g
Composition
Low viewpointadds drama
Using Your Digital Camera
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g g
Composition
When keepingparallels
parallel
matters!
Composition
often needs
patience &
timing!
Using Your Digital Camera
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g g
Composition
Depth of Field +low viewpoint
Using Your Digital Camera
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g g
Composition
Depth of Field +low viewpoint
Using Your Digital Camera
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g g
Composition
Adding depth
Using Your Digital Camera
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g g
Composition
Leading Lines
Using Your Digital Camera
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Composition
Lines
Using Your Digital Camera
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Composition
Camera orientation
Using Your Digital Camera
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Composition
Lens choice
Using Your Digital Camera
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Composition
Lens choice
Using Your Digital Camera
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=Jvu&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1280&bih=666&tbm=isch&tbnid=6brBEO7CzE0LJM:&imgrefurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/articles/how_to_take_great_travel_portrait_photos/2/&docid=E1tvcTQrMQ94DM&imgurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/images/sized/images/uploads/david_noton_travel_portrait_photos-550x367.jpg&w=550&h=367&ei=4BGtUJScN-SR0QX0moGQBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=607&vpy=163&dur=1&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=136&ty=38&sig=109898154405796805479&page=1&tbnh=151&tbnw=244&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:97http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=Jvu&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1280&bih=666&tbm=isch&tbnid=6brBEO7CzE0LJM:&imgrefurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/articles/how_to_take_great_travel_portrait_photos/2/&docid=E1tvcTQrMQ94DM&imgurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/images/sized/images/uploads/david_noton_travel_portrait_photos-550x367.jpg&w=550&h=367&ei=4BGtUJScN-SR0QX0moGQBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=607&vpy=163&dur=1&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=136&ty=38&sig=109898154405796805479&page=1&tbnh=151&tbnw=244&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:977/30/2019 ShutterBugs - Beginners/Back to Basics PP notes
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Composition
Contrast
Using Your Digital Camera
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=Jvu&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1280&bih=666&tbm=isch&tbnid=6brBEO7CzE0LJM:&imgrefurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/articles/how_to_take_great_travel_portrait_photos/2/&docid=E1tvcTQrMQ94DM&imgurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/images/sized/images/uploads/david_noton_travel_portrait_photos-550x367.jpg&w=550&h=367&ei=4BGtUJScN-SR0QX0moGQBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=607&vpy=163&dur=1&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=136&ty=38&sig=109898154405796805479&page=1&tbnh=151&tbnw=244&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:97http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=Jvu&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1280&bih=666&tbm=isch&tbnid=6brBEO7CzE0LJM:&imgrefurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/articles/how_to_take_great_travel_portrait_photos/2/&docid=E1tvcTQrMQ94DM&imgurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/images/sized/images/uploads/david_noton_travel_portrait_photos-550x367.jpg&w=550&h=367&ei=4BGtUJScN-SR0QX0moGQBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=607&vpy=163&dur=1&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=136&ty=38&sig=109898154405796805479&page=1&tbnh=151&tbnw=244&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:977/30/2019 ShutterBugs - Beginners/Back to Basics PP notes
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Composition
Contrast
Using Your Digital Camera
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=Jvu&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1280&bih=666&tbm=isch&tbnid=6brBEO7CzE0LJM:&imgrefurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/articles/how_to_take_great_travel_portrait_photos/2/&docid=E1tvcTQrMQ94DM&imgurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/images/sized/images/uploads/david_noton_travel_portrait_photos-550x367.jpg&w=550&h=367&ei=4BGtUJScN-SR0QX0moGQBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=607&vpy=163&dur=1&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=136&ty=38&sig=109898154405796805479&page=1&tbnh=151&tbnw=244&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:97http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=Jvu&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1280&bih=666&tbm=isch&tbnid=6brBEO7CzE0LJM:&imgrefurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/articles/how_to_take_great_travel_portrait_photos/2/&docid=E1tvcTQrMQ94DM&imgurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/images/sized/images/uploads/david_noton_travel_portrait_photos-550x367.jpg&w=550&h=367&ei=4BGtUJScN-SR0QX0moGQBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=607&vpy=163&dur=1&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=136&ty=38&sig=109898154405796805479&page=1&tbnh=151&tbnw=244&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:977/30/2019 ShutterBugs - Beginners/Back to Basics PP notes
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Composition
Contrast
Snow falling at
night
Shot with flash
which illuminates
snowflakes &
underside of
trees
Using Your Digital Camera
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=Jvu&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1280&bih=666&tbm=isch&tbnid=6brBEO7CzE0LJM:&imgrefurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/articles/how_to_take_great_travel_portrait_photos/2/&docid=E1tvcTQrMQ94DM&imgurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/images/sized/images/uploads/david_noton_travel_portrait_photos-550x367.jpg&w=550&h=367&ei=4BGtUJScN-SR0QX0moGQBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=607&vpy=163&dur=1&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=136&ty=38&sig=109898154405796805479&page=1&tbnh=151&tbnw=244&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:97http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=Jvu&sa=X&tbo=d&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1280&bih=666&tbm=isch&tbnid=6brBEO7CzE0LJM:&imgrefurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/articles/how_to_take_great_travel_portrait_photos/2/&docid=E1tvcTQrMQ94DM&imgurl=http://www.photographyblog.com/images/sized/images/uploads/david_noton_travel_portrait_photos-550x367.jpg&w=550&h=367&ei=4BGtUJScN-SR0QX0moGQBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=607&vpy=163&dur=1&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=136&ty=38&sig=109898154405796805479&page=1&tbnh=151&tbnw=244&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:977/30/2019 ShutterBugs - Beginners/Back to Basics PP notes
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Composition
Contrast
Christmas decs at
night
Shot with fairly
long exposure
Using Your Digital Camera
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Composition
Tight Framing
Using Your Digital Camera
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Composition
Tight Framing
Using Your Digital Camera
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Composition
Tight Framing
Using Your Digital Camera
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Composition
Camera orientation for people shots.
Portrait format - camera turned through 90 degree
However the term portrait is misleading
I have seen plenty of excellent portrait shots from swhich have been shot in landscape format - so exp
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Composition - people
Space
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Composition - people
Space
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Composition - people
Space
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Composition - people
Space
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Composition - people
Drama & depth, using
hands
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Composition - people
Drama, depth &
capturing the moment
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Composition - people
Tight framing
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Composition - people
High angle
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Composition
Perspective
Changing your shooting position - is there a better angle?
Shoot higher
Shoot lower
Take a step to the left Take a step to the right
These can make a real difference & it encourages you to look a
with creative eyes
C iti
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Composition
Before you press the button! Check:
Is there a tree growing out of someones head? Could I move my position left or right to eliminate that rubbish bin?
Could I move my position down to reduce that grass in the foreground
Should I really have that right in the middle of the shot?
Do I need to change the depth of field to provide impact? Do I need to change the shutter speed to avoid blur?
Could I improve the image with just a trickle ofpop up flash? Your digital camera has many options which you are now starting to d
more & youll become familiar with your camera controls & therefore
Delete, delete, delete if you know the pic is rubbish delete it. Itll s
later
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Exposure
A photograph's exposure determines
how light or dark an image will appear.
This is determined by just three camerasettings:
ISO the measure of a digital
camera sensors sensitivity to light
Aperture the size of the opening in
the lens when a picture is taken Shutter Speed the amount of time
that the shutter is open
any change in one of the above
elements will impact the others
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What controls exposure?
ISOratings determine the image sensors sensitivity to light, each
rating represents a stop of light, and each incremental ISO num
down) represents a doubling or halving of the sensors sensitivity
The Aperturecontrols the lens diaphragm, which controls the am
traveling through the lens to the film plane. The aperture setting
by the f-number, whereas each f-number represents a stop of l
The Shutter Speedindicates the speed in which the curtain open
and each shutter speed value also represents a stop of light. Th
speed is measured in fractions of a second.
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Using Your Digital CameraWhen these three elements are combined, they represent a given exposure value (EV) for a given
f h h l ll h bl d f h h
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in any one of the three elements will have a measurable and specific impact on how the remainin
react to expose the film frame or image sensor and how the image ultimately looks. For example,
f-stop, you decrease the size of the lens diaphragm thus reducing the amount of light hitting the
also increasing theDOF
(depth of field) in the final image. Reducing the shutter speed affects howin that this can cause the background or subject to become blurry. However, reducing shutter spe
shutter open longer) also increases the amount of light hitting the image sensor, so everything is
the ISO, allows for shooting in lower light situations, but you increase the amount of digital noise
photo. It is impossible to make an independent change in one of the elements and not obtain an o
how the other elements affect the image, and ultimately change the EV.
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p p
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Same exposure - different combinations of aperture & shutter speed
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Your camera has a very sophisticated metering system to determine the
correct exposure It will do this automatically
There are usually a few to choose from (Canon example below) :
Evaluative/Matrix Centre-weighted Partial Spot
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Evaluative (Canon) or Matrix (Nikon)
This is the default metering mode on most DSLRs. Itworks by dividing the entire frame into multiple
zones & analizes the areas on an individual basis
for light and dark tones
One of the key factors that affects this type of
metering, is where the camera focus point is set to.After reading information from all individual zones,
the metering system looks at where you focused
within the frame and marks it more important than
all other zones
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Centre Weighted
Effective when you have a bright background orbacklit subject. For example, if you were taking a
photograph of a persons face on a sunny day at the
beach. You wouldn't want the strong background
light, or the white sand, to effect the exposure on
their face. As long as the persons face was correctly
exposed, that's all that matters
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Spot/Partial
Spot Metering only evaluates the light around yourfocus point and ignores everything else - used
when you want to take an exposure reading on a
specific area. It takes the reading from a very small
area in the middle of your composition
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ISO (International Organization for Standardisation)
changes the sensitivity of the image sensor in accordance with light leve
Bright sun = 100 ISO
Low light = 1600 ISO
The higher the ISO value the more noise
See over
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ISO (International Organization for Standardisation)
The higher the ISO the higher the level of noise:
100 ISO 1600 ISO
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Active D-Lighting (Nikon only)
ADR automatically identifies highlight& shadow areas that may otherwise
be lost
You have to activate it in the menu
With high contrast scenes a shot may
lose detail in the highlight or shadowareas - losing detail - using Active D-
Lighting compensates for this
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Exposure Compensation - a way to over-
ride the camera meter to make theimage lighter or darker
Automatic Exposure Bracketing (AEB) -
will automatically give three exposures -
normal, lighter & darker
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AE-L (also the AF-L Button) - Auto Exposure Lock
When pressed the AE Lock button locks-in the autoexposure and white balance so that subsequent photos
have the same exposure and balance
Useful when taking panorama photos so that
consistent exposure is achieved across all images -
otherwise the exposure will change according to what
is in the viewfinder
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Photographing Landscapes
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g p g p
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g g
1. Intro
Like taking portraits of friends & family, landscapephotography is likely to be a subject that occurs frequen
in your role as a photographer. The landscapes you phot
may be urban or rural landscapes many of the followin
guidelines will refer to both
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2. Composition
There are many guidelines to aid composition. In my
opinion the most useful are:
Rule of thirds
Leading lines
Rhythm
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2. Composition
Rule of thirds
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2. Composition
Leading lines see diag
lines leading from the corners of the frame leading the eye
into the image
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2. Composition
Rhythm
Receding lamp posts, railings trees or repetition can add de
& interest to a landscape
Utilising these concepts will make your images more striking
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3. Techniques
Those which I have found most useful:
use a polarising filter
creative blur using long exposures
use of shallow depth of fgield
use of a compass
the twylight zone sidestep & elevation
use RAW files to maximise quality
say no
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3. Techniques
Polarising filter
use of a polarising filter useful to darken blue skies & to reduce
reflections on bright sunny days. Generally use filters sparingly
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www.grahamparish.co.uk
3. Techniques
Long exposures
effective with moving water fountains, waterfalls,
seascapes gives a softer feel to the movement of
water rather than the more static results with faster
shutter speeds
star trails requires very long exposures (hours rather thminutes)
consider using a tripod (bulky & sometimes heavy) to ste
the camera for long exposures or possibly a bean bag
(more lightweight & fits in your camera bag)
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g g
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Photographing Landscapes
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Photographing Landscapes
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Photographing Landscapes
3. Techniques
Depth of field
shallow depth of field using large aperture values (say f2less)
fabulous technique for visually isolating a subject while
throwing everything else out of focus
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Photographing Landscapes
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Photographing Landscapes
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Photographing Landscapes
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Techniques
Use of a compass
a compass allows you to assess when to revisit a
building or landscape to make best use of the sun
Buildings & landscapes are often much improved
when shot at a particular time of day when the suis low & striking across a building
the twilight zone a magical time before sunset that
doesnt last long (20-30mins) but can add interest & warm
to an urban or rural landscape
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Techniques
The Twylight Zone
the twilight zone a magical time before sunset that
doesnt last long (20-30mins) but can add interest & warm
to an urban or rural landscape
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Techniques
Sidestep & elevation
Urban landscapes ca be hugely improved by simply
taking a couple of steps to the left, right or up (ie
steps, bench, wall etc)
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Techniques
use RAW files to
maximise quality
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Techniques
Say no
if your image does not inspire you, change it choose a
different viewpoint
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Techniques
HDR (high dynamic range) imaging
HDR is short for High Dynamic Range. It is a post-process
taking either one image or a series of images, combining
adjusting the contrast ratios to do things that are virtually i
with a single aperture and shutter speed.
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Techniques
HDR (high dynamic range) imaging
For a tutorial & some good examples:
http://www.stuckincustoms.com/hdr-tutorial/
www.flickr.com/groups/hdr/
http://www.hdrsoft.com/videos/Free software:
http://qtpfsgui.sourceforge.net/
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www.grahamparish.co.uk
3. Techniques
Links:
http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-
photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/
Using Your Digital Camera
http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/http://www.thephotoargus.com/inspiration/field-of-dreams-30-amazing-photographs-to-leave-you-inspired/7/30/2019 ShutterBugs - Beginners/Back to Basics PP notes
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Camera lenses
Zoom lenses have a variable focal length eg:2 types:
Wideangle zoom 18-55mm
Telephoto zoom 55-300
Prime lenses- have a fixed focal length eg:2 types:
macro lens (for close up shots) - no zoom
portrait lens - 50mm or 85mm - no zoom
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Camera Lenses
Zoom lens
Typically comes with the camera
Very versatile & good for everyday use
Variable zoom or focal length - typically 18-70mm, 70- 300mm
However have some disadvantages in thatthey are heavy & they cannot be used atlarge apertures (say f1.8) - generallyrestricted to a max aperture of about f4.5
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Camera Lenses
Zoom lens
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Camera LensesZoom lens
Focal lengths of azoom lens
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Camera Lenses
Prime lens macro lens
used for close up shots
capable of reproduction ratios
greater than 1:1
consider using extension tubes:
Using Your Digital Camera
Camera Lenses
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Prime lens
portrait lens Lighter than a zoom lens
Typically 85mm
Large maximum apertures eg f1.8
Using Your Digital Camera
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Camera Lenses
What is "focal length?"
The "focal length" of a lens is the
distance between the optical centre
of the lens and the place where it
focuses its image ie on the image
sensor
Photographing People - settings
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Camera Settings
Aperture Priority or Shutter Priority?
Manual Focus or Auto Focus?
Wide angle lens or telephoto lens?
Colour or Monochrome?
If colourwhat Picture Style?
JPEG or RAW file?
Using Your Digital CameraPhotographing People - techniques
1 Determine what the shoot is for
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1. Determine what the shoot is for
Before you even think about picking up your camera, the first thing youneed to consider is what is the purpose of shooting the images?
It could be head shots for a colleagues website, a family portrait or just for
a friend. Think carefully about the setting and style of the shoot depending
upon its purpose
2. Location
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2. Location
Decide on the purpose of the shoot - its easier to select a suitable location Think about what might suit the style of the shoot, for example, somewhere scenic with
by a river, lake, hills or in the park?
Maybe you want to place your subject in the midst of a busy city amongst the architectu
crowds?
Theres also the option of using a room indoors. Larger rooms are usually brighter (mos
have more windows) and will give you lots of space to work with
Smaller and dimmer rooms will suit a shot that requires more shadows and a more som
Utilize the structures around you, particularly indoors, doorways, windows, staircases a
make for useful structural support within your image
3 D t i th lit f th li ht
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3. Determine the quality of the light
Avoid working in the middle of the day - youll get very harsh shadows on the face
If you have to then you may then have to use fill-in flash either with the pop up flash on
(if you can control the flash output or an external flash unit
Working slightly earlier or later in the day is better, or alternatively, working
If youre working indoors, youll want as much light to be entering the room as possible
avoid direct sunlight on the face
If you know your location, determine what time of day offers the best window light by fig
way the windows face (north, south, east or west)
4. Getting your positioning right
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One of the main advantages of using a larger working space is the freedom to move aromeet your requirements
Use the available light as best as possible
If youre outside find what you think might be a suitable place for your model to stand an
out where the sun is in the sky
Its essential that you dont make your model look directly towards the sun, as theyll jus
Begin by having them side on to the sun and work from there. A good tip here, is to get
to turn 360 degrees gradually and for you to follow them as they turn. This way, youll be
observe the change in the lighting to find the best positioning.
5. Use the light to your advantage
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5. Use the light to your advantage
There are a few other techniques that you can try to make the most of the light on offer.youre using natural light, carry a reflector. It can be extremely useful for portraits as you
some of the light from the side onto the subjects face
On nice bright days, its also worth trying some backlit shots, with the sun directly behin
subject. Again, the reflector will come in handy here, as you try to achieve a warm glow
shape of your model
Remember as well that you have the option of using shade and shadows within your po
work. A shady spot under a tree may well be just what you need when the direct sunlighbright, although be sure to check that the shade is evenly spread to avoid blotches of da
6. Window shots
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6. Window shots
Employing the sunlight through a window to light a portrait shot is a favorite technique asome really engaging and dramatic portraits. The soft light through the window acts as
highlight for a strong and moody image and works particularly well if you have the light
side of the subjects face, leaving the other in shadow.
The general rule is that the closer to the window you are, the more light youll have to w
stronger the contrast will be between the light and the dark. Also, if the light coming thro
too bright, you always have the option of using curtains or a blind to diffuse some of the
7 Camera settings
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7. Camera settings
Focus on the eyes. When we look at a photo of another person, the first thing we conne
their eyes. Make sure that the eyes are the focal point and use manual focus if you don
your auto focus to get it right!
Its also a good idea to use a large aperture (small f-number) to blur out the background
doesnt attract any attention away from your subject.
8. Communication is key
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y
Its absolutely vital that you interact with your subject Be sure to build up a rapport with them as soon as possible
Dont expect your subject to be able to read your mind. They wont know how you want
pose or where you want them to look unless you communicate it to them
If youre struggling to convey the shapes you want your model to make, give them exam
poses yourself
Use props so that the subject has something to do with their hands
9 The type of light
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9. The type of light
The quality and color of the light will change according to the time of day, season and th
Some days youll have warm and yellow light, where as on others, natural light will poss
This is where using white balance comes into play. You can use the settings to adapt to
in order to achieve the tone of light you desire
Shoot in RAW rather than JPEG you can make more changes during post processing.
Using Your Digital CameraPhotographing People - techniques
10. Try it for yourself
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Practise - dont be afraid to ask family or friends to help you out. It will give you a great to practice your techniques and it will be easy to communicate with your subject as you
them
Using Your Digital CameraPhotographing People - natural light
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Photographer: RamonaG
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Photographer: York Place Studios
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Photographer: Unknow
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Using Your Digital CameraPhotographing People - natural light
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Photographer: Graham Parish
Using Your Digital CameraPhotographing People - natural light
Photographer: Steve Bulley
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Using Your Digital CameraPhotographing People - natural light
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Photographer: Brian Jung
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Photographer: Andrew Dutton
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Photographer: Xaxor
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Using Your Digital CameraPhotographing People - natural light
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Photographer: Louise Beattie
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Photographer: Unknown
The shutter in your camera
The shutter controls the length of time light is allowed to fall on the image
inside the camera. It is measured in speed from minutes (or even hours) - slh
Using Your Digital Camera
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right down to a the fast shutter speed of 1/4000th
second - a huge range
*charge coupled device
Using Your Digital Camera
Shutter Priority setting
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(S or Tv)
is semi automatic:
you choose the shutter speed, the camera choosesthe appropriate aperture
this will then produce the correct exposure
Using Your Digital Camera
The Shutter Priority setting is useful for:
fast moving subjects - speeds of 1/500th -
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fast moving subjects - speeds of 1/500th -
1/4000th (fast shutter speeds) can freeze
motion
NB slow shutter speeds can cause camera
shake - blurring the image. To eliminate this
keep the camera steady - use a tripod,
beanbag, put the camera on a wall, use alamp-post etc
Using Your Digital Camera
How using different shutter speeds in the Shutter Priority
setting effects the image:
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setting effects the image:
Using Your Digital CameraSlow shutter speeds can cause unintentional camera blur
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Using Your Digital CameraSlow shutter speeds can cause unintentional camera blur
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Using Your Digital CameraHowever, slow shutter
speeds can be used to
create intentional blur
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for creative effect
Using Your Digital CameraA slow shutter speed
while panning with the
camera causing
intentional subject blur
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intentional subject blur
for creative effect
(about 1/20th sec)
Using Your Digital CameraA slow shutter speed
causing intentional
subject blur for
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j
creative effect (about1/20th sec)
Is there any panning
with the camera?
Using Your Digital CameraShutter Speed
Comparison
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examples showing theeffects of various shutter
speeds on movement
Using Your Digital CameraShutter Speed comparison
examples showing the effects of different shutter speeds
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Using Your Digital CameraSlow Shutter Speed
Example of a slow shutter
speed on water - 2 sec
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p
http://www.exposureguid
e.com/
Using Your Digital CameraSlow Shutter Speed
example of a very slow
shutter speed -2 s or
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longer (on a tripod!) -good for seascapes
Using Your Digital CameraSlow Shutter Speed
th
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Shot at about 1/10 sec
Using Your Digital CameraSlow Shutter Speed
Panning at about
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Panning at about
1/10th sec
Using Your Digital CameraSlow Shutter Speed
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Panning at about1/20th sec
Using Your Digital CameraSlow Shutter Speed
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Panning at about1/4th sec
Using Your Digital CameraSlow Shutter Speed
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Panning - at about1/4th sec
Using Your Digital CameraSlow Shutter Speed
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Panning - at about1/4th sec
Using Your Digital CameraSlow Shutter Speed
Camera static about
13 secs exposure!
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Using Your Digital CameraFast Shutter Speed
panning with the
camera using both
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fast & slow shutter
speeds
Using Your Digital CameraFast or slow shutterspeed?
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Using Your Digital CameraPanning with thecamera - what
shutter speed?
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Using Your Digital CameraPanning with the
camera - what
shutter speed?
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Using Your Digital CameraFast Shutter Speed
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Capturing movement
in water
Using Your Digital CameraFast Shutter Speed
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Capturing movement
Using Your Digital CameraFast Shutter Speed
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Capturing movement
Using Your Digital CameraFast Shutter Speed
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Capturing movement
Using Your Digital CameraFast Shutter Speed
captures fast
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movement
Using Your Digital CameraB (bulb) setting -
extremely slow shutter
speed
Normally only available in
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Normally only available inmanual mode M
shutter open for minutes!
Guess how many?
Using Your Digital CameraB (bulb) setting -
extremely slow
shutter speed
Normally only
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Normally onlyavailable in manual
mode M
shutter open for
181 minutes!
Using Your Digital CameraB (bulb) setting - found only in M (Manual)
Used for very long exposures eg night sky, fireworks, lightning etc requi
speed in excess of 30 seconds
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speed in excess of 30 seconds Allows the shutter to be open for as long as you choose
Must be on a tripod, wall, beanbag to prevent blur from camera shake e
To release shutter - once to open, once to close
Best to use a remote control or the self timer to open shutter to avoid b
Will use up battery power
Using Your Digital CameraPanning - How to Pan:
Select a shutter speed around 1/20th. The amount of blur in a scene de
fast/slow your shutter is. Slower shutter speeds will create more motio
be more difficult to maintain a sharp subject Faster shutter speeds will
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be more difficult to maintain a sharp subject. Faster shutter speeds willsharp subject easier, but will have less blur
Select AI Servo focus mode on your camera. It will allow you to track th
you take the shot
Select a subject that is moving. Subjects that are moving in a predictabl
riding a bike down a hill) make panning easier. Also, straight paths mak
yet
Using Your Digital CameraPanning - How to Pan:
Stand at right angles to where your subject will pass. For example, if yo
photographing a child on a scooter in the street you should be on the p
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photographing a child on a scooter in the street, you should be on the pwant to photograph the broad side of your subject as they pass you
Let your hips control the movement of the camera
Press the shutter. Wait for your subject to pass by and GENTLY press thstab at it. KEEP FOLLOWING THROUGH
Using Your Digital CameraFlash
Fill-in FlashUsed to illuminate the foreground and to balances the level of light both for
the subject and shadowy areas so that it captures all the details.
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Using Your Digital CameraFlash
Fill-in FlashUsed to illuminate the foreground and to balances the level of light both for
the subject and shadowy areas so that it captures all the details.
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Using Your Digital CameraFlash
Fill-in FlashUsed to illuminate the foreground and to balances the level of light both for
the subject and shadowy areas so that it captures all the details.
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Using Your Digital CameraFlash
Fill-in FlashUsed to illuminate the foreground and to balances the level of light both for
the subject and shadowy areas so that it captures all the details.
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Using Your Digital Camera
Flash
Fill-in Flash Used in combination of a slow
shutter speed to illuminate the
foreground again - bounced
from above/behind - no harsh
shadows on girl in centre
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Using Your Digital CameraFlash
Bounce FlashUsed to soften the flash &
eliminate harsh shadows
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Using Your Digital CameraFlash
Flash off camera
Again used to soften the flash & eliminate harsh shadows but this
time the flash can look more natural when its not coming from the
camera
Slow shutter speed Use a remote trigger or a wireless link
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www.grahamparish.co.uk
Use a remote trigger or a wireless link
Using Your Digital CameraFlash
Flash off camera
Again used to soften the flash & eliminate harsh shadows but this time the
flash can look more natural when its not coming from the camera
Use a remote trigger or a wireless link
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Using Your Digital Camera
Flash
First/Second Curtain Flash Sync
First Curtain Sync (default)
used where it is desired that the flash
freeze motion at the beginning of theexposure Front curtain sync is
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exposure. Front curtain sync is
adequate for most flash-photography.
When making long exposures while
also firing a flash, front curtain sync
creates an effect where any motion blur
- from ambient light - appears ahead of
the subject
Using Your Digital CameraFlash
First/Second Curtain Flash Sync
Second Curtain Sync
Some cameras offer the ability to fire
the flash at just before the secondcurtain closes This is called rear (or
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curtain closes. This is called rear(or
second) curtain sync, and it is used to
freeze motion at the end of the
exposure. When making long
exposures while firing a flash, rear
curtain sync creates the effect of
motion blur trailing the main subject.
Using Your Digital CameraFlash
Second Curtain Flash Sync
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Using Your Digital CameraFlash
Second Curtain Flash Sync
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Using Your Digital CameraWhite Balance
The colour of an object is affected by the lighting conditions under which
eyes and our brain compensate for different types of lightthat's why a
appears white to us whether it's viewed in sunlight, under overcast skies incandescent or fluorescent light But digital cameras need help to emula
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incandescent or fluorescent light. But digital cameras need help to emula
to compensate for different types of lighting and render a white object w
The white balance setting is that help
We can simply set auto white balance and the camera will read the scene
temperature (basically the hue and intensity of a particular light source, m
degrees Kelvin) and choose a setting from its collection of pre-programm
That's a good solution when a scene's lighting is pretty much all of one ty
prominent white or neutral subject in the scene.
Using Your Digital CameraWhite Balance - Presets
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Using Your Digital CameraWhite Balance - Custom
Under mixed lighting conditions you can choose the Custom setting. Wi
selected, hold a white card in front of the lens and press the shutter butt
will read and lock in the colour temperature of the light reflected from thlocked-in reading now becomes the standard for the camera's white bala
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locked in reading now becomes the standard for the camera s white bala
Using Your Digital CameraWhite Balance
Visible light is measured in colour
temperature and is measured in Kelvin (K).
A light having higher colour temperaturewill have more blue light (or larger Kelvin
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will have more blue light (or larger Kelvin
value) compared to light which has a
smaller Kelvin value. The following table
shows the colour temperature of various
sources of light.
Using Your Digital CameraWhite Balance
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Using Your Digital CameraWhite Balance - examples
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Using Your Digital CameraWhite Balance - examples
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Using Your Digital CameraWhite Balance - examples
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