Siemens Corporate Technology | June 2014 … · Vortrag Energiekonzepte der Zukunft...

Restricted © Siemens AG 2014. All rights reserved

Energiekonzepte der ZukunftSpeichersysteme

Siemens Corporate Technology | June 2014

Dr. Dieter Most

Ringvorlesung „Transformation des Energiesystems“ – Leibnitz Universität Hannover

Unrestricted. © Siemens AG 2014. All rights reserved.Page 2 June 2014 Corporate Technology

Table of contents

Siemens AG – Corporate Technology

Short Overview Activities of the Research Group Energy Storage

Vortrag Energiekonzepte der Zukunft -Speichersysteme

Energiewende

Energy Storage – Use Case

Energy Storage – Types


Siemens is organized in 4 Sectors: Industry, Energy, Healthcare and Infrastructure & Cities

Siemens: Facts and Figures

1) Sales in FY 2013

Siemens sectors

• Sales: ~€ 76 bn.

• Locations: In 190countries

• Employees: ~362,000

• R&Dexpenses: ~€ 4.3 bn.

• R&Dengineers: ~29,800

• Inventions: ~8,400

• Active patents: ~60,000

Key figures FY 2013

Divisions:• Industry

Automation• Drive

Technologies• Customer

Services

Divisions:• Power

Generation• Wind Power• Energy Service• Power

Transmission

Divisions:• Imaging &

Therapy Systems• Clinical Products• Diagnostics• Customer

Solutions

Divisions:• Rail Systems• Mobility & Logistics• Low and Medium

Voltage• Smart Grid• Building

Technologies

Corporate functions

Corporate TechnologyCorp. Finance

…

Corp. TechnologyCorp. Development

Infrastructure& CitiesHealthcareEnergyIndustry

~€ 14 bn.1) ~€ 18 bn.1)~€ 19 bn.1) ~€ 27 bn.1)


Siemens AGNeue Organisationsstruktur ab 1.10.2014


CT is headed by the Siemens CTO, Klaus Helmrich

CT organization (as of April 1, 2014)

Corporate Technology (CT)CTO: Klaus Helmrich (ab 1.10. Siegfried Russwurm)

Centralfunctions

Jörg Bischoff

Chief Financial Officer (CFO)

Gunter Erb

Human Resources

1) Sector and Division CTOs are employees of the Sectors also reporting to the Siemens CTO. They advise the CTO through the WGI

Special responsibilities• Export Control and Customs

• Quality Management

• PM@Siemens

• Risk and Internal Control

• Dangerous Goods

• Environmental Health and Safety

• Legal

• Information Technology

• Information Security

• Compliance

Regions

(R)

Wolfgang Heuring

Innovative Ventures

(IV)

Rudolf Freytag

Research& Tech-nologyCenter

(RTC)

Wolfgang Heuring

Develop-mentCenter

(DC)

Gerd Hoefner

Intellectual Property

(IP)

Beate Weibel

New Technology Fields

(NTF)

Armin Schnettler

Business Excellence

(BE)

Katharina Beumelburg

Working GroupInno-vation1)

(WGI)

Klaus Helmrich

Technology & Innova-tion Mana-gement

(TIM)

NorbertLütke-Entrup


CT has a global presence to ensure proximity tointernal clients and pockets of excellence worldwide

Global organization of CT (major locations)

<100 People

100 500 People

>500 People

Country with CT site

PrincetonBerkeley Beijing

Shanghai

Kolkata

Moscow

Tokyo

St. Petersburg

Bangalore

Pune

Berlin

Erlangen

Munich

Vienna

BratislavaKosice

Brasov

Brno

Ankara

Praha

Gebze


CT Research and Technology Center:~1,600 experts in 12 technology fields

1) Headquarter 2) Research Groups 3) from January 1st, 2014

CT Research and Technology Center (RTC)

Materials

IT Security

• Innovative materials and coatings

• Advanced manufacturing technologies

• Analytics

HQ: BerlinRGs: 8

• Security architecture & lifecycle

• CERT services• Embedded security

HQ: MunichRGs: 8

Sensor Tech-nologies

Automation & Control

• Sensor devices & system integration

• Inspection & test

HQ: ErlangenRGs: 8

• Modeling & simulation• Engineering• Runtime &

optimization• Solutions

HQ: Princeton, USRGs: 12

Power & Energy Technologies

Networks & Communication

• Power management• Switching• Power electronics• Energy storage• Electromagnetic

systems & mechatronics

• Energy & industrial processes

HQ: ErlangenRGs: 12

• Wireless & industrial networks

• Internet of things

HQ: MunichRGs: 6

IT Platforms

• Image reconstruction and visualization

• Computer vision• Image processing &

video analytics• Cardiovascular, onco

and neuro imaging• Interventional imaging• Computational imaging

HQ: Princeton, USRGs: 13

• SW / System integration

• Middleware, cloud• Enterprise IT

HQ: MunichRGs: 10

Software Architecture Development

Systems Engineering

• Software architecture• Software test and

system qualities• Development

efficiency• Product lines and SW

Ecosystems

HQ 1): MunichRGs 2): 8

• Usability design• Engineering• Reliability• Manufacturing

solutions• Process support

HQ: MunichRGs: 12

Business Analytics & Monitoring

• Electronic design & processing

• Radio frequency solutions

• Integrated technologies

• Manufacturing technologies

HQ: MunichRGs: 8

• Decision support• Knowledge discovery• Condition monitoring

HQ: MunichRGs: 9

Electronics

3)

Imaging & Computer Vision


Li-IonBattery

Pb-AcidBattery

Redox FlowBattery

Siemens CT RTC – Research Group Energy StorageBatteries and DLCs – Activities (1)

Mobile Storage Conceptse-storage definition, technology selection and verification

Energy recovery for mobilitysafety concepts, failure analysisbenchmark of companies & products

kWh Storage Solutionbenchmark of suppliers & technology, feasibility studies, optimized operation strategy, system concepts, prototypes

Storage Concepts for Smart Grids(micro and industrial grids) grid integration, modeling, optimized operation strategy

Hybrid ConceptSitras HES + MES

Storage for Small Off-Grid Solutionsfeasibility studies, concept and HW development, prototype

Non visible contact line (NVC)

SWARMCentral Control

…

PV Internet

BatteryConsumer

PV

BatteryConsumer

BatteryComsumer

PV

virtual storage plantGrid

Stationary MWh Storage Solutionmarket survey, feasibility studies, system concepts; HW development, prototype; operation strategy

SWARM Concepts – VSP~120 residential storage á 18kW add up to a 2MW virtual storage plant

NaNiCl2Battery

VSP: Virtual Storage Power Plant

Osram - Lake Victoria Project


Siemens CT RTC – Research Group Energy Storage Batteries and DLCs – Activities (2)

Battery Integration HEV / EV / eAircraftdemonstrator, battery selection and qualification, model development

Battery Modelingmodel development & verification (Matlab-Simulink)

SVC Plus + Energy Storagebenchmark of suppliers & products, Supercap characterization, FMEA

DLC & Battery Qualification (Li-Ion, Pb-Acid, NaNiCl2, Redox-Flow, Supercaps, Hybridcaps)market survey, benchmark of suppliers & products, battery characterization, failure analysis

DLC for Starters (Heavy Rail) and Steering Assistancequalification of double-layer capacitors, failure analysis

Cells for Hearing Aids, Sensors & Consumer Electronics benchmark of suppliers & products, battery characterization, failure analysis

Post-mortem analysisStarter Heavy Rail

DLC: Double layer capacitor, e.g. ultracapsHEV: Hybrid Electric vehicle, EV: (Full) Electric vehicle

Operational ModelOperational ModelOperational Model Monitoring

max

min

SOC, T_Cell, U_Cell, …




Energiekonzepte der Zukunft Speichersysteme

Energiewende




Germany’s “Energiewende”- Good or Bad Move? -


„Energiewende“ takes up speed and gets globalGermany lost its frontrunner position

.. UK PV-Einspeisetarif von 14,4 €Ct/kWh in 2015, der dann bis 12,0 €Ct/kWh in 2019 absinkt .... UK PV-Einspeisetarif von 14,4 €Ct/kWh in 2015, der dann bis 12,0 €Ct/kWh in 2019 absinkt .... UK PV-Einspeisetarif von 14,4 €Ct/kWh in 2015, der dann bis 12,0 €Ct/kWh in 2019 absinkt ..


Energiewende

Wo geht die Reise hin ?


Entwicklung StromgestehungskostenErneuerbare Energien & Fossile Erzeugung

Source FhG ISE 2013 – Studie STROMGESTEHUNGSKOSTEN ERNEUERBARE ENERGIEN

Biogas

Wind Offshore

Photovoltaik

Wind Onshore

GuDSteinkohle

Braunkohle

Renewable Fossile


Forecast Installed Capacity Photovoltaic and Wind- Global -

Photovoltaic- Forecast -

Wind- Forecast -

Solar Power, Wind, Biomass- History -


Ist die Energiewende für Deutschland rentabel ?Eine unter vielen Antworten - JA


Storage is the holy grail of the power industry- all media talk about it!


Installed Base and Energy DemandGermany – Exemplary Scenario 2011

Source: O. Bitter, U. Lenk, I. Pyc, Auswirkungen der globalen Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise auf den Kraftwerksanlagenbau, 41. KWT Dresden 2009; Uwe Lenk (Siemens E F NT ES), June 2011

Outlook Energy Demand Outlook Installed Power

max 77GWDemand GER `10

min 34GW

110 GWpeak

Exemplary Scenario


In an “80% renewable world” storage is an important part of power architecture

Situation today and in future

Energy storage is an important lever to meet those challenges

Source: Bundesverband WindEnergie, EEG, Team Thermal Storage, Source E ST MC

Key facts and assumptionsRenewable energy is a fluctuating energy source, not continuously available, not dispatchable

Challenges today

Germany 20101: up to 150 GWh of potential wind production curtailed due to overload

United States TX 2009: 17% of potential wind production curtailed due to overload

Will increase in future

24.000 GWh excess energy expected for germany in 20302

EU target for 2050: 80% share of renewables within power supply

1 – 9% generation (26% installed base) out of volatile renewable2 - 31% generation (54% installed base) out of volatile renewable, maximal grid extension assumed (“copperplate assumption”)

Smart Grid

Grid extension

Energy storage

Flexible conventional

energy generation


Enegiewende and Storage- Big Questions -

What amount of storage do we need ?

What amount of storage do we get ?

And what kind of storage technology do we need ?

What types of storage do we get ?


Economic Feasible Business Cases forEnergy Storage


Where will Energy Storage be installed

Early installations of ESS in 2012 and 2013 have occurred primarily in Germany, the United States and Japan. From 2012 to 2016, the Americas is forecast to be the largest major region in terms of MW of ESS installed.

In-the-grid is forecast to be the largest of the inter-connection locations in 2022 in terms of ESS power installed. Second is Behind-the-meter.


Market Development Energy StorageForecast - Global -

Source: BCG PV+Storage 2013


Table of contents




Energiewende




New Applications for Energy Storage

Renewable Power

Conventional PowerGrid - Installed Base

Smart Grids Energy Efficient Cities

Key technology to an efficient future power generation with high share of Renewables

Energy Storage


Available storage technologies cover different requirements to power and capacity

Mechanical Storage

Electrochemical Storage

Electrical Storage

Chemical Storage

Thermal Storage

CAES: Compressed Air Energy StorageSMES: Super-Magnetic Energy StorageSNG: Synthetic Natural GasH2: Hydrogen (Electrolysis)PH: Pumped HydroHEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Min

utes

Seco

nds

Hou

rsD

ays

1 kW 10 kW 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1.000 MW

Batteries

Flywheelstorage

Ultracapacitor

SMES

Redox-Flow-Batteries

H2 Power to Gas Power to Liquid

PumpedHydro

CAES

Power to Heat (to Power)

Power Quality1

Time Shift3

Energy Reserve

Operating Reserve2

4

WindTurbine

Windoff-shore

MediumPV FarmeCar

Light-weight Train

Li-Ion

NaSNaNiClLead Acid

Power to Heat

HEV


Decentra-lized Fleet

Min

utes

Seco

nds

Hou

rsD

ays

Wee

ks

< 10 kW > 1,000 MW

Power qualityA

Energy reserveD

FirmingB

TimeshiftC

Different energy storage technologies fit to varying requirements of stationary use cases

Distribution Grid

Transmission Grid

Energy Reserve (Electricity)

Volatile Power Plants

ConventionalPower Plants

Central Fleet

1

4 2

2b 2c 2d

33b

Application Segmentation

• Cover low wind or sun periods

Power

Energy Reserve

Con-/ Prosumer Generation

2a

3aGrid

• Self supply/peak shaving industrial

• Self supplyresidential

• Shift energy• Integrate

Renewable

• Participate in regular market

• Comply withgrid require-ments

• Enhance Flexibility

• Offer district heat

• Shift energy• Provide

balancing energy

• Ensure powerquality

• Ensure powerquality

Match of Storage Technology w/ UC (excerpt of electrochemical types)





Energiewende




Vergleich von Energiedichten

Energiespeicher 56 kWh

150 kWh

10.000kWh

90C – 60Cthermisch

Modul elektrisch

Heizwertthermisch


Vergleich von Energiedichten

Mechanische Speicher (sehr geringe Energiedichte)• Potentielle Energie (z.B. Pumpspeichersee): 1 kWh/m³ (bei 360 m Höhe)• Kinetische Energie (z.B. Schwungrad): ~10 kWh/m³

Elektrische Speicher (geringe Energiedichte)• Elektrostatisches Feld: ~10 kWh/m³• Elektromagnetisches Feld: ~10 kWh/m³

Wärmespeicher (mittlere Energiedichte)• Wasser @ T = 100K: 116 kWh/m³ (sensible Wärme) • Phasenwechsel, z.B. H2O/ Dampf: 626 kWh/m³ (latente Wärme)

Chemische Speicher (mittlere bis hohe Energiedichte)• Lithium-Ionen-Batterie: 110 - 200 kWh/m³• Flüssiger Wasserstoff: 2.400 kWh/m³

• Heizöl 10.000 kWh/m³• Benzin: 12.000 kWh/m³

Source: Siemens, Sauer RWTH Aachen


Which storage / battery technologies are available?


Energy Storage Systems - New technologies are emerging; costs decreasing with mass production


Classic Technology Lead Acid Battery

Lead-Acid 25-30 Wh/kgBrutto: Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2O 2.047V

Pos. Electrode: bO2 + HSO4- + 3H+ + 2e- PbSO4 + 2H2O

Neg. Electrode: Pb + HSO4- PbSO4 + H+ + 2e-

Pro: Approved Technology• Robuste & dheap• Simple to implementCon:• Issues when deep discharged• Cyclic life time too low


Classic Technology Lead Acid Battery – Historical Application


Established Battery TechnologyLi-Ion Battery

Li-Ion 50-200 Wh/kg <4.15VBrutto: LixBnCm + Li(1-x)AzBy BnCm + LiAzBy

Positive Electrode: Li(1-x)AzBy + Lix+ + e- LiAzByNegative Electrode: LixBnCm BnCm + Lix+ + e-

Source Jossen

pouch prismatic cylicrical


pouch prismatic cylicrical

Li-Ion: Safety• Issues if operated at over

temperature (typically >45Deg. C) • Iissues if over- or deep discharged

Battery Management System (BMS) for permanet monitoring ofcell temperatures, cell voltage andstate of charge necessary.BMS enables safe disconnection of the DC-String and power electronics, too

+ BMS

Established Battery TechnologyLi-Ion Battery


Battery BasicsCharge / Discharge Characteristics

IU Charging Method

• Constant Current ChargingVoltage will decrease during charging process

• Constant Voltage ChargingCurrent will decrease till the end of the charging process

• DischargingVoltage will decrease with discharging

• Lead Acid chargingadditional parasitic processes (at end of charging process)Negative: H2-Production & lower efficiencyPositive: can be used for balancing

of

Power electronics must be compatible to voltage and current bandwitdh of

the battery


Battery Basics Capacity dependent on discharge rate


Battery Basics Lifetime – Capacity decreases; Ri increases with time

Typical development of residual capacity, internal resistance and ferquency of interventions of SAP

100% C/C0

70% C/C0

80% C/C0

200% Ri/Ri0

100% Ri/Ri0

end of life criteria - capacity

end of life criteria – internal resistance

Interventions of Soft Asset Protectionincreased frequency of SAP interventions may occur near the end of life due to lower residual performance

Time [years]

Decrease of capacity / increase of internal Resistancy Ri dependent on• Time idling as f(SOC, T) – calendaric aging• Charge/discharge rate as f(T, avg. SOC) – cyclic aging• Cycle depth and number as f(T, avg. SOC) – cyclic aging

End-of-life criteria• 80% resp. 70% of Capacity C0• 150 % resp. 200% of Ri,0


Large anticipated price decrease of batteries will produce many positive business cases by 2020

Source IHS (EER / Isupply / IMS research) 2013

By 2020 all battery technologies with target price benchmark of 200-300$/kWh per cell pack

This converts to system prices of 600 to 1000$/kWh (if components like inverters and other BoPcontribute to price decrease)

Today 1400 – 2500 $ / kWh

With these price levels many use-cases of decentral application will become viable

Battery prices for PV storage (US$/kWh)

Li-Ion has a minimum cost boundary at ~ 200$/kWh on cell and ~ 400$/kWh on module level


Redox-Flow-BatteriesUsable Redox-Couples

Types of Redox Flow Batteries

• V-V (near maturity)• Zn-Br (near maturiy)

• Cr-Fe (demonstrator)• H2-Br (demonstrator)

• S-Br (prototype)• Zn-Air (prototype)

• ….


Example: Advanced V/V Redox-Flow-BatteryUniEnergy Technologies / Vanadis / Rongke / PNNL

Higher concentration of Vanadium in mixed acid HCl/H2SO4 possible


Example: Zn-Br Redox Flow BatteryModule ZBM Gen 2.5


Example: Zn-Br Redox Flow BatteryRedflow‘s ZBM - Applications

Backup Power / Community StorageRaytheon RK30 ESS

Based on Redflow‘s ZnBr Gen 2.5

System: 30kW / 120 kWh12 Modules a 3 (max 5 kW) & 10 kWh

Output 208 Vac / 60 Hz

Tamb -15 - +50 °C

Lifetime >10 yrs >3500 cycles

Comment: Civil and Military Use

TelecommunicationBackup Power

Island GridWind + Storage

Island Grid / Residential Storage PV + Storage


Robuste Low-Cost Electrochemical StorageAqueous Hybrid Ion - Na-Ion

+ (Potentially) Low acquisition costs ($/kWh)• Cheap materials (<$4/kg), • Simple manufacturing approach

+ No regular maintenance+ No thermal management or BMS necessary

+ Inherently safe chemistry+ Non- ammable, explosive, or corrosive

+ Environmentally benign materials+ Recylable and land ll safe

Pro

- Very low power capability (max. 1/10C)- Very low energy density (less than Pb-Acid)

- Relatively large delta charge / discharge Vvltage

- Maturity Level

Con

1.7 kWh S10 Stack Source: www.aquionenergy.com

• Anode is low cost activated carbon (electrochemical DLC Effect + pseudocapacitance)

• Cathode is MnO2 (Alkali ion intercalation material)• Electrolyte is Na2SO4 in water (~1 M)


Tubular formed cells(

--Ne Neg. Electrode: Na- Pos. Electrode: S- Electrolyte (solid : -Al2O3 -

2Na + xS Na2Sx (OCV 2,08V)

High Temperature Battery NaS - Basics

Between the Na-Electrode and the solid electrolyte a safety tube is inserted to limit the amount of Na and S reacting in case of electrolyte breakage

Violent reaction Na-S in case of solid electrolyte failure

• Temperature range: 310C-350C• Max charge/discharge rate 1/6C

• High vapor pressure of reactants• Protection to prevent hardware corrosion by S necessary• Handling of Na in cell assembly process

• Monopoly of NGK• Research by GE


Module is built as thermally isolated housing containing cells as

- PS module („peak shaving“):320 cells in rows of 8 Cells connected to voltage level 64 or 128 Vdc

- PQ module („power quality“):320 Cells serially connected

640 Vdc

- PS module with fuse for each row of 8 cells internally

- PQ module with fuse and DC Switch outside

- Space between cells filled with sand ( heat sink, safety)

(Quelle: IRES II Conference; NGK Presentation, T. Tamakoshi)

High Temperature BatteryNaS - Module


Sodium Based Batteries – Use CasesSmoothing for wind and PV (MWh class)

Source: Japan Wind Development Co.

Aomori, Japan Futamata wind power plant

51 MW of wind turbines (1500 kW x 34 units)

34 MW NaS batteries (2000 kW x 17 units).

Battery Usage:The total power output of this facility is smoothed and peak output is controlled to be no greater than 40 MW.

Focus: Avoid Curtailment

Operation started June 2008.


High Temperature Battery NaNiCl - Basics

• Source: GE (2012)

Tubular formed cells

Pos. Electrode: NiCl2+NaAlCl4 (+FeCl3) Neg. Electrode: Na Electrolyte (solid : -Al2O3

2NaCl + Ni NiCl2 + 2Na (OCV 2,58V)

3Na + NaAlCl4 4 NaCl + Al

Usage in mobile applications and crash tests have proven safety and

robustness of NaNiCl-modules

• Temperature range: 270C - 350C• Max charge/discharge rate 1/3 .. 1/2C (Air Cooling)

• Low vapor pressure (< 1 atm up to 800C)• Less metal corrosion by halide as by S• Cell assembly in fully discharged mode (no toxic components)

• Moderate reaction Na-NaAlCl4 in case of electrolyte failure

internal shortcut leads to low resistance of failed cell; string still operable, but at lower voltagesmall fissures will be “healed” by metallic Al, reaction of failed cell will be damped


High Temperature Battery NaNiCl – ExemplaryStationary Cofigurations


NaNiCl-Battery Mobile ApplicationBredamenarinibus 240 Hybrid with a series plug in

Bredamenarinibus 240 Hybrid plug in

- Traction Motor: 2 Siemens 1PV51135 AC Induction motor 74 KW peak power with electronic differential

- Traction Inverter :2 Duo Inverter Siemens Rated Power 2X120 KVA, max current 250 A

- On board Engine:Mercedes Benz OM 904 LA E3 Diesel, max power 130 kW

- On board generator:Siemens 1FV5139 type Permanent Sincr. Motor max Power 85 kW

- Battery:3x Z5-557V-32Ah ZEBRA batteries on roof top

• Length 10.5 m (NU) or 12 m. (LU) • Weight: 19 ton full load • Passenger capacity 94 (19 seated) • Top speed 73 km/h • Pure Electric Range: 32 km• Daily operation for 16-18h with 180-220km

Battery proofed >>2000 NPC (~80%DOD per day) w/o a significant degradation of the performance. Some sets of batteries operated on downtown pure electric buses lasted for >10 years of operation.

Operation in Bologna, Italy since >10 years. The fleet is composed by 10 Iveco Down Town pure electric buses, 12 Cam Alé Hybrid buses and 11 Bredamenarinibus 240 EI Hybrid buses. Status 2010


Li-Air Battery – RnD LevelPromise of very high power and energy densities


Some Exemplary Battery Storage Solutions


Integration of Producer and Consumer

Combing multiple de-central generators to virtual power plants

Smart Grid technologies integrate distributed generation and a variety of loads

Micro grids enable independent grid structures Millions of residential nano-grids and e-cars have to be integrated


Dual Use of Residential PV+StorageBatteries in a SWARM

Power grid

Decentralized battery storage

Appliances

PV

Power plant

Factory

Battery

Appliances

Battery

Appliances

Battery

Appliances

SWARMControlCenterBattery

Appliances

…

PV

PV

PV

Internetconnectionto batteries

PV

Water storagepower plant

Appliances

Renewablepower plant

Decentralized battery storagepower plant

The expected numerous home storage systems to be installed in a future grid interact on the grid - not only by supporting it in case of congestion relief by simply storing surplus energy and shifting energy from PV (time shift) from day to night times

- but can be used in joint swarm approach to provide (primary) grid services, too.


Frequency containment reserve handles short-term grid imbalances as a solidary Europe-wide action

Source: SNB, Regelleistung.net

Grid balancing - Examples for principle mechanisms

Longer term grid balancing needs to be handled by Bilanzkreis2)

1) TSO = Transmission Service Provider2) Europe divided in control areas for TSOs. Every TSO control area contains many accounting groups (Bilanzkreise) of meters.3) After power demand became less than contracted supply

GW

tHours

Scheduled power demand= scheduled power supply

Frequency restoration and tertiary reservereplace frequency containment within minutes

30 sec 15 min 60 min

30 sec3)15 min3) 60 min3)

Power demand equals

contrac-ted

supply

Demand for additional powerDemand for additional

consumption

Actual powerdemand

Primary control energy provided by all TSOs1) in Europe

Secondary and tertiary control energy provided by TSO in whose area deviation occurred

Control energy provided by Bilanzkreis2) where deviation

occurred

Frequency containment reserve reacts within seconds

Seconds

Additional consumption delivered by primary control

Additional power deliveredby primary control


Field Test: Impact of Virtual Storage Plant based on Home Storage + PV on the DSO / TSO Grid

N-ergie 1) Germany

Grid size 26703 km

Energy consumed p.a. 13.6 TWh ~ 670 TWh

Power 2% of GER 40..77 GW

PV units <10kw >40000 >700000

• 1) Source map: www.N-ergie.com

10% PV w/ ESS + Grid N-ergie Germany

Units ~ 4000 ~70000

Power avail. (66%) 2) 47.5 MW 0.83 GW

Capacity inst. 88 MWh 1.54 GWh

Throughput p.a. 3) 5.04 GWh 88.2 GWh

Fieldtest SWARM N-ergie Germany

Units ~ 80 -

Power avail. (66%) 2) 1.10 MW -

Capacity inst. 1.76 MWh -

Throughput p.a. 3) 100.8 MWh -

Ausstattung von 10 % der PV Anlagen (heute) mit regelbaren Speichern ermöglicht 1% Regelleistung

(Schätzung ~3% benötigt)

2) Usually only 66% of the batteries usable for Grid Service (maintenace, full empty)3) Increase of self consumption by ~30% and avg. Consumption of 4200kWh p.a.

Electrical network of N-ergie


Combining fossil and renewable power generation offers significant advantages

Status quo

• Diesel engines are used for power generation at off-grid sites or in weak grids

• Falling PV and wind installation prices

• Increasing fuel costs

Challenges

SiemensHybrid Power Solutionsintegrate renewablesefficiently into diesel plants.

Logistic costsEmissions

Fuel costs Weak / no grids Grid stability

Logistic costs

Operation costs

Emissions

In 2011: Installed capacity of diesel generators worldwide ~600 GW(estimation: ~50% in permanent off-grid operation)


Complete, optimized solutions that minimize your risk

Customer benefits:

• Reduced fuel costs by up to 60 %

• Reduced CO2 emissions by up to 60 %

• Reduced logistic/transportation costs

• High grid stability

One-stop solution by Siemens

• Intelligent combination of renewable energy sources with diesel engines and storage

• Optimized operation based on cost functions, forecasts and real-time data

• Realization of minimal operation costs

Siemens Hybrid Power Solutions

• Manage the complexity of diesel power installations with volatile renewable energy sources

• Are customized for different local conditions (wind or solar intensity and specific loads)

• Ensure high grid stability of renewable integration thanks to integrated energy storage


SIESTORAGEStable and reliable power supply

Use Case Example: Diesel Offset Application


BMBF Funded Project IRENE BatteryLocal Storage for DSO Grids w/ high share of RE

• Maße (L*B*H): 7,3m * 2,4m * 3,1m• Gewicht: 16t

DimensionDimension

Installed 2012 September


Energy Storage - Industrial SolutionsExample: Mass Transport

DLC-energy storage unit Sitras MES

Traction battery for Sitras HES

Parameter DLC-energy storage unit

NiMH-Traction battery

Voltage 190 V - 480 V 528 V

Maximum current 2 x 300 A 220 A

Maximum power 2 x 144 kW 85 kW

Usable energy content 2 x 0.425 kWh 18 kWh

contact: Michael Meinert, Siemens Sector Industry, Mobility Divisioncontact: Michael Meinert, Siemens Sector Industry, Mobility Division, mailto:[email protected]

Objectiverecovery of brake energy

Maximale Leistung 0,7 MW

Nutzbarer Energieinhalt 1 ... 3,1 kWh

Stationary

mobiley


Sto

p A

Sto

p B

Sto

p C

Sto

p D

Sto

p E

Sto

p F

Sto

p G

Sto

p H

Sto

p I

Sto

p J

Sto

p K

Sto

p L

Stop

M

Sto

p N

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1100 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020

Zeit / s

Lade

zust

and

/ %

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Ges

chw

indi

gkei

t / k

m/h

DSK (energieeffizienter & oberleitungsloser Betrieb)Traktionbatterie (oberleitungsloser Betrieb)Geschwindigkeit

Energy Storage - Industrial SolutionsExample: Mass Transport

Sehr hohe Anforderungen an die Zyklenfestigkeit der Speicherlsungen müssen erfüllt sein

Typical charge / discharge profile during of a lightweight train along it‘s route

DSK (DLC): Cycle time 60…90 sup to 350.000 cycles p.a.

Battery: Cycle time 5..15 min; DOD = 5..10%up to 70.000 cycles p.a.

DSK (DLC): Cycle time 60…90 sup to 350.000 cycles p.a.

Battery: Cycle time 5..15 min; DOD = 5..10%up to 70.000 cycles p.a.


Long term Storage - Large Scale Storage

Pumped Hydro and Power to Gas


potential energy German electricity grid; selected situation in 2007

mitigation errors are in the GWh-range !

energy densities of large-scale options:

0,5 5

140

0

50

100

150

200

[ kW

h/m

³ ]

pumpedhydro [1]

CAES [3] H2 compr.[2]

[1]: for h = 200 m [2]: compressed to 50 bar[3]: typical compression 70 bar

pressurized air

compressionenergy

H2

chemical energy

Pumped Hydro

CAES

Hydrogen

Energy StorageLarge Scale Energy Storage – Classic Approach


Innovative Approach: Pump hydro using Subsea Vacuum Spheres

5) flow funnel

3) subseapower cable

700 m

30 m

vapor(20 mbar)

fillinglevel

sea level

wind turbine

6) pump-turbine + gen-set(inside :0.3….3 bar / outside: 80 bar)

sea bottom

steepcoast

water

4) concrete sphere

„Subsea Pumped Hydro Storage“

Concrete sphere 30m Ø - 700 m below sea levelCapacity: up to 20 MWhPower : up to 6 MWCharge Time ~3.5hDischarge time ~3.5hEfficiency up to 80 .. 85%

1) Control(monitor pump-turbine operation,e.g. blocking, hydraulic shock …)

2) Substation / Power Electronics

3) Subsea power cable + distribution(e.g. for a farm of vacuum spheres)

4) Concrete sphere(typicall y 30m Ø w/ 3m walls)

5) In/out flow funnel w/ protection(mesh ort similar)

6) Pumpturbine (Kaplan) + gen-set

Components: „Under Water - Pumped Hydro Storage Plant“ (UW – PHES)

grid

1) control2) substation

RnD Targets: Typical System Cost ~1600 €/kW 475 €/kWhLifetime 10 to 15 yrs


Energy Storage using Subsea Vacuum Spheres CON: limited number of sites usable for installation

Economically usable sites are typically not in close vicinity to sites usable for wind farms

typically lots of kms of subsea cable to be installed to combine offshore wind farm & vacuum sphere

UW-PHES

Off-shorewind farms

Combined UW-PHES + Wind are feasible only at subsea sites where a deep sea shelf (depth >300m) is in close vicinity to either coastline or wind farms (which are typically installed in sea depths <50m)

UW-PHES + Windfarm

REDdepth 600-800m

50 -200m

30-50m

200-600m

0 -30m

0 -30m 0 -30m

0 -30m

200-600m

Usable Sites

Technology not feasible for classic offshore wind turbines in water depths <50m, but

.. might be feasible for swimming wind turbines


PEM-Electroylzeurby Siemens AG

Big Picture HydrogenAn enabling technology for various applications

• Source RnD Goals: IHS 2013


Grid

Electrolysis

Power Generation Conversion & Storage Utilization

Photovoltaic

Wind Power Inter-mittent

+ -

O2 H2

H2O

Biogas Plant

“Steady”

CO2

H2

H2

Direct utilization

Industry

IndustryUsage of H2NH3

CC-Turbine

Energy Re-ElectrificationSNG

MobilityH2 FuelSNG FuelM3 Gasoline

H2

CH4

H2 storage

CO2 utilization

H2

Injection to NG Grid

Fuel Substitute

CH4

CH3OH

Fossil Power

CO2

Steady

Big Picture HydrogenAn enabling technology for various applications

SNG M3


Large Scale Long Term Energy StoragePower-To-Gas / Power-To-Fuel

Fernleitungsnetze Länge ca. 40.000 kmDruck bis 100 bar (offshore 200bar)

Verteilernetz ca. 470.000 kmtypsicher Druck 20 – 60 Bar


M1-Gasoline1)

1) Up to 3% already allowed (M3)

Fuel Mix

Methanol Fuel SubstituteThe Impact of Fuel Substitution on CO2 Emissions


Thermal Storage as competitor to Power-to-Gas


Thermal Heat Storage as Eco-Power-BufferDemo Project N-ergie

Demo Project Power to Heat - Thermal Energy Storage

Owner N-Ergie

Invest 17 Mio € (11,3 €/kWhthermal)

Type: Two-Zone-Liquid-Water Thermal Energy Storage

Tower shaped tank with 2 electrical heaters

El. Power 2x 25MW

Thermal Capacity 1,5 GWh

Height 70m

Radius 23m

Volume 33 Mio liter of water

Temperature level slightly above 100 Celsius

Objective: Decoupling of heat & power consumption of existing CHP-Plants (Flexibility)


The role of long term heat storages in the Danish energy system – solar district heating

Lots of local district heating systems + small CHP installed between 1980 and now


The role of long term heat storages in the Danish energy system – pit hole heat storage

Alternative:• Source: IRES 2013 PlanEnergi, Per Alex Sorensen


FinallyFamous eCars

Apollo 17 Lunar Rover

• Siemens Viktoria 1905

Paketzustellwagen 1922

Tesla S

BMW I8

around 1890


Thanks for your Thanks for your attentionattention!!

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Siemens Corporate Technology | June 2014 … · Vortrag Energiekonzepte der Zukunft...

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