Date post: | 17-Jan-2018 |
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Signal words and writing prompts
Facilitating higher level thinking skills
Signal words Analyze - break apart, examine
methodically
Reader’s voice as well as author’s
Cite evidence Mention in support (of a thesis
statement); refer to as an example
Specifics using quotes or paraphrasing essential details
Compare/contrast
When asked to evaluate two related passages
evaluate Make a judgment after weighing
specific evidence
Judgment is reader’s evaluation of what author writes
Specific evidence (in text) should correlate/support judgment
Generalize
Draw conclusions based upon presented information
Correlation/support with essential specific details (in text)
Interpret
Provide meaning: make it clear
Readers should use own language
Sentence startersUsing language of PSSA
Anchors, PA Reading Standards
“interpret and/or analyze the effect of . .”
Include the impact/effect upon the reader
Need both reader and author input when:
Analyzing Interpreting Evaluating generalizing
Writing prompts
Things to consider
Reading passages Shorter in length Higher in rigor
Lend themselves to analysis, evaluation, interpretation, etc.
Target passage types Fiction
Story Poem
Non-Fiction Informational Biography (auto) OR practical/how-
to/advertisement Essay/editorial
Prompt Related to a PA reading
standard/anchor Incorporate language of the
standard/anchor Ask for supporting
details/examples from passage
Writing prompt response
Requirements Need to respond directly in first
sentence or two Incorporate key words/phrases from
prompt Cite evidence from text to support Should support with more than one
essential detail
considerStudent response should be
brief and to the point:5 or 6 sentences max
PSSA rubric for open ended reading items
Included in handout
Familiarize students with the language
let students evaluate other responses using the rubric