(12) United States Patent

US007505769B2

(10) Patent N0.: US 7,505,769 B2 Jiang (45) Date of Patent: *Mar. 17, 2009

(54) SIGNALING GATEWAY WITH MULTIPLE (56) References Cited

$53311‘; TINI‘IUSLITEEE il?i'éi‘??‘??m Us PATENT DOCUMENTS 5,353,328 A 10/1994 Jokimies

ROAMING PARTNERS 5,586,166 A 12/1996 Turban

5,742,910 A 4/1998 Gallant et a1. (75) Inventor: Yue Jun Jiang, Danville, CA (US) 5,764,730 A 6/1998 Rabe et al.

5,818,824 A * 10/1998 Lu et a1. ................... .. 370/328

(73) Assigneez Roamware Inc_ San Jose CA (Us) 5,854,982 A * 12/1998 Chambers et al. ......... .. 455/445 ’ ’ 5,901,359 A 5/1999 Malmstrom

( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (Continued)

I??? ifsixgeideg g; adjusted under 35 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS ' ' ' ( ) y ys' CA 2281041 A1 2/2001

This patent is subject to a terminal dis- (Continued)

Claimel OTHER PUBLICATIONS

_ “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Speci?ca (21) Appl' NO" 10/918’645 tion of the SIM Application Toolkit for the Subscriber Identity Mod

_ ule-Mobile Equipment (SIM-ME) interface (GSM 11.14 version (22) Flledl Aug- 13, 2004 8.3.0 Release 1999)” ETSI TS 101 267 V8.30, Aug. 2000, pp. 1-69

_ _ _ and pp . 114-115 (XP-002222021).

(65) Prior Publication Data (Continued)

US 2005/0070278 A1 Mar. 31, 2005 Primary ExamineriNghi H Ly

Related U 5 Application Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiArent Fox LLP

(60) Provisional application No. 60/495,202, ?led on Aug. (57) ABSTRACT

13’ 2003' A method and apparatus for mobile communication in mul tiple mobile communications networks. Embodiments

(5 1) Int‘ Cl‘ include installing a SIM that includes at least one IMSI and at H04Q 7/20 (200601) least one MSISDN in a mobile communications device. The

(52) U-s- Cl- ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ 455/432-3; 455/432-1; 455M351; SIM is used to receive and place calls while the user is in the 455/411; 455/415; 455/550-1; 455/558 user’s home network and while the user is roaming in another

(58) Field of Classi?cation Search ............... .. 455/ 558, network. In various embodiments, one of a home MSISDN

455/4323, 432.1, 435.1, 411, 550.1, 415

See application ?le for complete search history.

and a local MSISDN is used.

18 Claims, 64 Drawing Sheets

HPMN

Signal Gateway (SG)

US 7,505,769 B2 Page 2

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6,968,383 B1 11/2005 Heutschi et a1. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,975,852 B1 12/2005 Soferet :11. 6,978,156 B1 12/2005 Papadopoulos et a1. EP 0899 974 A2 3/1999 7,020,479 B2* 3/2006 Martschitsch ............. .. 455/466 GB 2322998 9/1998 7,139,570 B2 11/2006 Elkarat et a1. W0 WO 98/26621 A2 6/1998 7,184,764 B2 2/2007 Raviv etal. W0 WO 98/26626 A2 6/1998 7,231,431 B2 6/2007 Soferet a1. W0 WO 00/18156 3/2000

2002/0009199 A1 1/2002 Ala-Laurila et :11. W0 W0 00/155156 A1 3/2000 2002/0012351 A1 1/2002 Sofer et :11. W0 W0 00/51375 A 8/2000 2002/0037708 A1 3/2002 McCann et a1. W0 WO 00/79761 A 12/2000 2002/0087631 A1 7/2002 Sharma W0 W0 00/79825 A 12/2000 2002/0101858 A1 8/2002 Stuart et :11. W0 WO01/22750 3/2001 2002/0101859 A1 8/2002 MacLean W0 W0 01/65884 9/2001 2002/0160763 A1 10/2002 Mittal et :11. W0 W0 01/65884 A1 9/2001 2002/0187701 A1 12/2002 Souissi W0 W0 02/41641 A2 5/2002 2002/0191575 A1 12/2002 Kalavade et :11. W0 W0 02/019667 7/2002 2002/0196775 A1 12/2002 Huotori W0 W0 03/019960 A1 3/2003 2003/0017843 A1* 1/2003 Noblins .................... .. 455/553 W0 W0 03/019969 A1 3/2003

2003/0037708 A1 2/2003 McCann et :11. W0 W0 03/043367 A 5/2003

US 7,505,769 B2 Page 3

W0 W0 03/065660 A 8/2003 W0 WO 2004/081802 9/2004 WO WO2004/075598 9/2005 WO WO2005/101857 10/2005 WO WO2008/012815 1/2008

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

“Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMT S); General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Service description; Stage 2 (3GPP TS 23.060 ver sion 5.4.0 Release 5)” ETSI TS 123 060V5.4.0, Dec. 2002, pp. 1-207 (XP-014007573). “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMT S); General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) across the Gn and Gp interface (3GPP TS 29.060 version 5.4.0 Release 5)” ETSI TS 129 060 V5.4.0, Dec. 2002, pp. 1-102 (XP-002298277). Ala-Laurila, et al., “Wireless Lan Access Network Architecture for Mobile Operators,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Nov. 2001, pp. 82-89 (XP-001107810). Brunen, M. “Roaming im Zugangsnetz Mit OWLAN uberall zu Hause sein,”NetiZeitschrift Fuer Kommunikationsmanagement, Huthig Verlag, Heilderberg, 2002, pp. 39-42 (XP-001122438). GSM Association Permanent Reference Document: IR.33, PRD IR.33 “GPRS Roaming Guidelines,” version 3.2.0, Apr. 3, 2003, pp. 1-20 (XP-002298278). Ostrowski, F., “Roaming und Handover zwischen UMTS und Funk LA,” NTZ (Nachrichtentechnische zeitschrift), 2002, pp. 24-26 (XP 001 124094). Salkintzis, et al., “WLAN-GPRS Integration for Next-Generation Mobile Data Networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications, Oct. 2002, pp. 112-123 (XP-001132263). Telenor (origin GSMA), “Inter-PLMN Backbone Guidelines,” S3z000005 3GPP TSG SA WG3 Security+S3#15bis, Ad-Hoc Meeting Nov. 8, 2000, pp. 1-30 (XP-002298276). Salman A. Baset et al., “An analysis of the Skype Peer-to-Peer Internet Telephony Protocol”, Department of Computer Science, Sep. 15, 2004, 12 pages. M. Mouly, : “The GSM system for mobile communications”, pp. 103-104. Cell and Sys, 1992. “Universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) NAS Func tions related to Mobile Station MS in idle mode” ETSI TS 123 122 V3.1.0, Jan. 2000, pp. 1-33. “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) GSM; Uni versal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Mobile Radio Interface layer 3 speci?cation; Core Network protocols, Stage 3” ETSI TS 124 008 V3.2.1, Jan. 2000, pp. 62-69 and 376. Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Speci?ca tion of the SIM Application Toolkit for the Subscriber Identity Mod ule-Mobile Equipment (SIM-ME) Interface (GSM 11,14 version 8.3.0 Release 1999) STSI TS 101 267 V8.3.0, XX, XX, Aug. 2000, pp. 1-69 and pp. 114-115 (XP-002222021). “Digital Cellular Telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunications system (UMTS); General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Service description; Stage 2 (3GPP TS 23.060 Ver sion 5.4.0 Release 5)” ETSI TS 123 060V5.4.0, Dec. 2002, pp. 1-207 (XP-014007573). “Digital Cellular Telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunications system (UMTS); General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) across the Gn and Gp Interface (3GPP TS 29.060 version 5.4.0 Release 5)” ETSI TS 129 060 V5.4.0, Dec. 2002, pp. 1-102 (XP-002298277). Brunen, M. “Roaming im Zugangsnetz Mit OWLAN uberall zu Hause sein,”Net-Zeitschrift Fuer Kommunikationsmanagement, Huthig Verlag, Heilderberg, 2002, pp. 39-42 (XP-001122438). Ostrowski, F., “Roaming und Handover zwischen UMTS und Funk LAN,” NTZ (Nachrichtentechnische zeitschrift), 2002, pp. 24-26 (XP-001132263). “Universal Mobile Telecommunications system (UMT S) NAS Func tions Related to Mobile Station MS in Idle Mode” ETSI TS 123 122 V3.1.0, Jan. 2000, pp. 1-33 Document: IR.34.

“Digital Cellular Telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunications system (UMTS); Mobile Radio Inter face Layer 3 Speci?cation; Core Network Protocols, Stage 3” ETSI TS 124 008 V3.2.1, Jan. 2000, pp. 62-69 and 376. Michael Mouly, “The GSM System for Mobile Communications”, pp. 103-104. Cell and Sys, 1992. GSM 978 on CAMEL Application protocol Digital cellular telecom munications system (Phase 2+); Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL); CAMEL Application Part (CAP) speci?cation (GSM 09.78 version 7.1.0 Release 1998). GSM 902 on MAP Speci?cation Digital Cellular Telecommunica tions (Phase 2+); Mobile Application Part (MAP); Speci?cation (3GPP TS 09.02 version 7.9.0 Release 1998). Q 764 (1999), Signaling System No. 7+ISDN User Part signaling procedures. Q 730 (1999), ISDN User Part supplementary services. Q 71 1 (1996), Functional description of signaling connection control part. Q 712 (1996), De?nition and function of signaling connection con trol part messages. Q 713 (1996), Signaling connection control part formats and codes. Q 714 (1996), Signal connection control part procedures. Q 716 (1993), Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) perfor mance.

GSM 340 on SMS Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Technical realization of the short Message Service (SMS); (GSM 03.40 version 7.4.0 Release 1998). Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Multime dia Messaging Service (MMS), Functional description; Stage 2 (3GPP TS 23. 140 version 4.2.0 Release 4). Technical Speci?cation3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Speci?cation Group Services and System Aspects; Service accessi bility (Release 1999). Q1214, ITU-T Intelligent Network Distributed Functional Plane For Intelligent Network CS-l. 1995. Q1215, ITU-T Physical Plane for Intelligent Network CS-l. 1995. Q1218, ITU-T Interface Recommendation for Intelligent Network CS-l. 1995. GSM 322 network selection Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); functions related to Mobile Station (MS) in idle mode and group receive mode (GSM 03.22 version 8.3.0 Release 1999). GSM 23122 network selection 3GPP TS 23.122 V3.9.0 (2002-12) Technical Speci?cation; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Techni cal Speci?cation Group Core Network; NAS Functions related to Mobile Station (MS) in idle mode (release 1999). GSM 22011 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Speci? cation Group Services ans System Aspects; Service Accessibility (version 3.0.1); 3GPP TS 22.01 1 V3.8.0 (Sep. 2002) Technical Speci ?cation; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Speci?cation Group Services and System Aspects; Service accessibilty (Release 1999). 3GPP 29010;3 GPP TS 29.010V3 .100 (Dec. 2002) Technical Speci ?cation; 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Speci?cation Group Core Network; Information element mapping between Mobile Station+Base Station System (MS-BSS) and Base Station systemiMobile-services Switching Centre (BSS-MSC). GSM 318 on CAMEL Basic Call Handling; Digital cellular telecom munications system (Phase 2+) Basic call handling;Technical real ization (GSM 03.18 version 6.6.0 Release 1997). ITU-T Recommendation Q. 766 (1993), Speci?cations of Signalling System No. 7+ISDN User PartiPerformance objectives in the integrated services digital network application. ITU-T Recommendation Q. 765 (1998), Signaling system No. 7+Application transport mechanism. ITU-T Recommendation Q. 769.1 (1999), Signaling system No. 7+ISDN user part enhancements for the support of Number Port ability. ITU-T Q. 771 Series Q: Switching and Signalling+Speci?cations of Signalling System No. 7+Transaction capabilities application part. Functional description of transaction capabilities (Jun. 1997).

US 7,505,769 B2 Page 4

ITU-T Q. 772 Series Q: Switching and SignallingiSpeci?cations of Signalling System No. 7iTransaction capabilities application part. Transaction capabilities information element de?nitions (Jun. 1997). ITU-T Q. 773 Series Q: Switching and SignallingiSpeci?cations of Signalling System No. 7iTransaction capabilities application part. Transaction capabilities formats and encoding (Jun. 1997). ITU-T Q. 774 Series Q: Switching and SignallingiSpeci?cations of Signalling System No. 7iTransaction capabilities application part. Transaction capabilities procedures. (Jun. 1997). ITU-T Q. 775 Series Q: Switching and SignallingiSpeci?cations of Signalling System No. 7iTransaction capabilities application part. Guidelines for using transaction capabilities. (Jun. 1997). GSM 11.11 Digital Cellular Telecommunications System (Phase 2+); Speci?cation of the Subscriber Identity ModuleiMobile Equipment (SIM-ME) Interface. Dec. 1995, version 5.0.0. IR 7320 Steering of Roaming Implementation Guidelines 0.1. May 13, 2005. GSm 23.119 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Speci? cation Group Core Network; Gateway Location Register (GLR)iStage 2 (3G TS 23.119 version 0.3.0). 1999. GSM 23122 NAS Function Related to Mobile Station (MS) In Idle Mode. 1999. GSM 253.04 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Speci? cation Group Radio Access Network; UE Procedures in Idle Mode (3G TS 25.304 verison 3.0.0) 1999. GSM 29002 MAP Protocol (Technical Speci?cation Group Core Network; Mobile Application Part Speci?cations [MAP]; Release 4). 2002. 3G TS 22.078 version 3.2.0 Release 1999 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Speci?cation Group Service and System Aspects; Customized Applications for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL); Service description, Stage 1. 3G TS 23.278 version 6.0.0 Release 6 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Speci?cation Group Core Network; Customized

Applications for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) Phase 4-Stage 2; IM CN Interworking. 2004. GSM 360 GPRS Roaming Guidelines PRD IR.33 . Apr. 3rd, 2003Ver sion 3.2.0. GSM 23060 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Speci? cation Group Services and System Aspects; General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service description; Stage 2 (Release 5). 2002. GSM 29060 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Speci? cation Group Core Network; General Packet Radio Service (GPRS);GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) across the Gn and Gp interface (release 1999). GSM 23.012 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Speci? cation Group Core Network; Location Management Procedures (Release 4). 2001. Q701, Speci?cations of Signalling System No. 7iFunctional Description of the Message Transfer Part (MTP) of Signalling Sys tem No. 7. 1993.

Q702 ITU-T Speci?cations of Signalling System No. 7, Signalling Data Link. 1993.

Q703 ITU-T Speci?cations of Signalling System No. 7iMessage Transfer Part. Signalling link. 1996. Q704, Signalling network functions and messages. Speci?cations of Signalling System No. 7iMessage Transfer Part. (Jul. 1996). ARIB STD-T63-31.048V5.1.0 Security Mechanisms for the (U)SIM Application Toolkit, Test Speci?cation (Release 5) 2005. GSM ETSI TS 101 043 Digital Cellular Telecommunications System (Phase 2+); Basic Call Handling; Technical Realization (GSM 03.18 version 6.6.0 Release 1997). GSM ETSI TS 100 930 Digital Cellular Telecommunications System (Phase 2+); Functions Related to Mobile Station (MS) in Idle Mode and Group Receive Mode (GSM 03.22 version 8.3.0 Release 1999).

* cited by examiner

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 1 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

HPMN

Signal Gateway (SG)

FIG. 1

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 2 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

9x30

R1, R2 = Emstmg Roammg Lml_<s L1, L2 = Intemahonal Leased Lmes

@ D1 =Dedxcated SS7 lmk to SG I tematioual Gateway

(13C)

\ _ . Point Code Translation; > HLR1 ’ ISUP vm'mi . ' ~ 0 Translatiqn

\ x I ~ I \ \ x l x

\ ignaling Link (E1) \ I ith ISUP signaling I

q. d SS7 messages

used on special I _ _ _ uting on GMSC-H) '

“' v I \' . ‘I ‘ ‘, f is‘ ‘ '4 Sfgnam‘g Gite raw ('SG) 01? -'1\1SISDN-F|s'seque1‘1tml; OngmaLMSISDN-Hxan I message‘ ‘"10 ling‘nsmg U be retained by subscribers onli‘lew sequential block G :1; ‘ $1.. - l?'es'saéé ._1 I "P" ofHPMN IMSI\(new1 SIM cards) ‘ I

B'?nsformaiion :Lrmsfonna?on? Server

' Out-roamer mformation

' GT mapping per FPMN

FIG. 2

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 3 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

3, o O

S1gna1 GW 3 04 .

1 Persistent Data

ISUP 7 4-E1 ‘ ‘ 1 S b ‘ I t _ , u scnber data

APP 115 an“ k 2. Roaming info

3. Optimal Routing DB 4. F-PMN # POOL 5. H-PMN # pool

3 o 8 6. FTN # P001 7.CDR

\ .7: etc 3 ( 0 4-131 ? ' ' '

- 1 Transit data

pp nstanc? 1_Transacti0n mapping 2. Call Context

3 o 0 etc 3| 1

OA&MP 3 ‘ (é SCCP GTT Con?guration '3 I </

FIG. 3

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 4 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

Subscriber data - 4/ 0 ,L Roaming info _ ‘I O Roamin info histo

lMSI-H,lMSl-F, - s, g "y "/0 Q MSlSDN-H, MSlSDN-F lMSl-H,lMSl-F,

MSlSDN-l-l, MSlSDN-F IMSI-HJMSI-F, FTN ‘no-change ?ag ' ' MSlSDN-H, MSlSDN-F

_ VMSC, VLR, FTN,FTN -F, camel, VMSC, VLR, FTN, camel, MSlSDN F # forward on call ?ag GPRS, date/time, GT of 86 etc GPRS’ date/time, GT of 86 etc

Optimal Routing DB - 4/ o 8 Call Context — I o

I MSISDN -F, Destination VMSC, Origination GMSC I IM 81, 010, call info etc

l-lPMN # pool - 7 I L FPMN # POOL - g” <[ FTNJ; # Pool _ 6, I é

Transaction Mapping —<( I 8/ CDR data - (Y ‘L

Tid-in, Tid-out IMSLMSISDN -H,MSlSDN -F, Tid-in associated info Calling number, called number, Tid-out associated info Duration, date/time, Oringating GMSC,

Terminating VMSC, MSRN,, Pool type, pool numbers etc

Persistent and transient data

FIG. 4

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 5 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

\ Transaction / Callgd GT 1 T 1 ’T2 Transaction

Transaction

t Transaction T6,T9

T1,T3 \ GT2 / Transaction

Transaction T7,T9

Calling \‘ Called GT5 GT3

Transactional mappings at the Signal Gateway

FIG. 5

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 6 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

SS7 linksets p o b (ISUP and MAP

Wm P6176‘? - GT1 GMSC-l ‘ U slgnal

SPCl G ateway-l (e 08/

" > Signal GT2

Hq Q1 SPCO Gateway-2 0 0 @- GMSCl-SPCO, 1 4 link set, 602

GMSC2- SPCO, 1 4111116 set, 604 GMSCl-SPCl, 1 2-link set, 606 GMSCl-SPCZ, 1 2-1ink SCt, 608 GMSCZ-SPCI, 1 2-link set, 610 GMSCZ-SPCZ, 1 2-link set, 612

GT and SPC in one possible linkset con?guration

FIG. 6

US. Patent

GTT TT=0 CdPA GT => SPC/CdPA-GT,

Routing Indicator

Each HLR 1 MGT-H range

HLRl SPC, RI=SPCISSN

Each HLR 2 MGT-H range

GT1 =>

GT2 =>

F-GTi =>

HLR2 SPC, RJ=SPCISSN

Primary: SPCl, RJ=SPCISSN Zndry: SPC2, RI=SPCISSN Primary; SPC2, RI=SPCISSN 2ndry: SPCI, RI=SPCISSN Primary: SPC], RI=SPCISSN Zndry: SPC2, Rl=SPC/SSN Primary; SPC2, Rl=SPC/SSN Zndry: SPCl, RI=SPCISSN

Each MSISDN -F range SPCO, RI=SPCISSN

Each MGT-F range

FIG. 7

SPCO, RI=SPClSSN

Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 7 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

Signal Gateway GTT TT=0 CdPA GT =>

SPC/CdPA-GT, Routing Indicator

Each HLRl MGT-H range HLR] GT, RI=GT Primary: GMSCI SPC Secondary: GMSC2 SPC

Each HLRZ MOT-H range HLR2 GT, Ri=GT Primary: GMSC2 SPC Secondary: GMSCl SPC

GTT Routing Con?guration of MIMM services

At GMSC-H and Signal Gateway

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009

14-bit ITUT SPC

ISC SCCP 24-bit Gateway G1 FPM SPC

GTT CdPAGT => Routing

GMSC'F Each I/M-F

=> SPC3 of G2,

GTT CdPAGT =>

Routing Each I/M-F => SPCl of G1,

FIG. 8

MIMM at

Sheet 8 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

14bit ITUT SPC

ISC SCCP Gateway G2

14bit HPM

GTT C CdPAGT => Routing

Each I?Vl-F GMSC-H => SPC of GMSC-H

GTT Routing Con?guration of GMSC-F and ISC

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 9 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

Trunk routing table

#MSISDN-F => ISUP-loopback

v IS \ SS7 links

Trunk routmg table and S57 and SS7

SISDN F links links S- 1‘ #M _ _ lgna mg

Z) Isc 1 Trunk routmg table Gateway

#MSISDN-F :> GMSC-H trunk

FIG. 9

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 10 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

ISUP Loop Circuits Signaling links

Circuit in E1 ——> 0 —-—> 0 -

GMSC-H ________________________ __

Q 4—— g - v . — . . _ . . _ . . _ . . _ . . _ . . ‘ . . _ . . _ .._

E1 |

Circuit out 1 E1=1 Signaling link+30 circuits+rescrved Signaling include SCCP+ISUP

ISUPLoopbackcircuits and Signaling

FIG. 10

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 11 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

1N . mggers Signaling links

IAM E1 ______> 0

GMSC _______ "1P? ___________ __

© _ ........................... .._

1 CON/CUE

IAM E1

Signaling include SCCP+INAP

IN architecture and Signaling

FIG. 11

US. Patent

Signal gateway architecture

Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 12 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

Signal Gateway Si nal Gateway Memory data "‘Memory data

9211‘) l

Dual Ethernet Memory data

Grade DB

FIG. 12

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 13 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

> DB1 Primary \ / I DB connections replication

\ i SG2 . DB2

FIG. 13

SGl

standby

US 7,505,769 B2 US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 14 0f 64

Connect time failoven s1‘ address 1n tnsnn messy

Failover to a different machine prod1=

(DESCRIPTION =

Failover to a different port prodl=

(DESCRIPTION =

FIG. 14

(ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS =

(PROTOCOL = tcp)

(Host '= machl)

(Port = 1523)

)

(ADDRESS =

(PROTOCOL '= tcp)

(Host = machl)

(Port - 1521)

) ) (CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = prodl)

)

(ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS =

(PROTOCOL = tCP)

(Host = machl)

(Port = 1521)

) (ADDRESS =

(PROTOCOL = CC?)

(Host I= machf)

(Port =- 1521)

) )

(CONNECT__DATA =

(SID = prodl)

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 15 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

Using Connect

prod1= (DBSCRIPTION=

(LOAD_BALANCE=0n) (FAILOVER=on) (ADDRESS=

(PROTOCOL=tcp) (HOST=machl)

(PORT=152l)) (ADDRESS=

(PROTOCOL=tcp) (HOST=mach2)

(PORT=1521) )

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID=prod1)

(FAILOVER_MODE= (TYPE=select)

(METHOD=basic) ).l )

Where

(FAILOVER_MODE= (BACKUP= xxx) (TYPE= xxx ) (METHOD = xxx ) (RETRIES = xxx ) (DELAY = xxx )

) is de?ned as follows:

BACKUP - speci?es connection ,alias to use for backup connection. Used for pre-established backup connections TYPE — can be SESSION, SELECT, or NONE. SESSION causes a failed session to reconnect. SELECT causes a failed session to reconnect and attempt to rerun the statement in process at time of failure. This has signi?cant additional overhead to track statements being issued. NONE explicitly disables TAF. METHOD — can be BASIC or PRECONNECT — speci?es how failovcr occurs. If set to pre-connect, an

unused connection to the backup server is established at the same time the primary connection is established RETRIES — speci?es the number of attempts to reconnect. Defaults to ?ve if DELAY is set. DELAY — speci?es the number of seconds to wait between connection attempts. Defaults to 1 second if RETRIES is set.

FIG. 15

US. Patent Mar. 17, 2009 Sheet 16 0f 64 US 7,505,769 B2

Pre-establishing I‘

prodl=

(DESCRIPTION

(ADDRESS (PROTOCOL = TCP)

(Host = machl) (Port = 1521) )

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = prodl)

( FAI LOVER_MODE= (BACKUP=backup_alias) (METHOD=px.-econnect)

(TYPE=select) (METHODébasic) ) ) ) backup_alias=

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS =

(PROTOCOL = TCP) (Host = mach2)

(Port = 1521) )

(CONNECT_DATA =(SID = prodl) ) )

FIG. 16