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For internal circulation of BSNL only
E1-E2 / E2-E3 CFA
SIGNALING IN TELECOM NETWORK
&
SSTP
Signaling between two exchanges. Trunk signals can be
classified into two types:
Supervision Signals : To control and monitor the status
of the transmission circuits.
Examples : seizure signal and idle state signal.
Address Signals : To transfer the specific subscriber
information necessary to connect the calling party to the
called party.
Examples: Called party's directory number and the
calling party's category.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
TRUNK SIGNALING
Digital signaling
Channel Associated signaling (CAS)
Common Channel Signaling (CCS)
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Channel Associated Signaling
The location of the signaling information is related
directly to the user voice/data .
Ts 16 is used to carry signaling information related to
the 30 voice data channels.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Common Channel Signaling (CCS)
A channel is common for sending all the signaling
information of a nos. of users on sharing basis. In this
case also TS16 is normally used as common channel i.e.
signaling link.
All the 8 bits of time slot 16 are used for signaling /
control information.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
FEATURES OF CCS# 7 SIGNALING
Internationally standardized (national variations possible)
suitable for various communication services such as
telephony, text , data services
high performance and high reliability for message transfer
signaling links always available, even during existing calls
transfer rate of 64 kbit/s typical in digital networks
For internal circulation of BSNL only
CCS#7 NODES
Signaling points (SP)
The SP / SEP is the source (originating point) and the
sink (destination point) of signaling traffic.
Signaling Transfer Points (STP)
The STPs / STEPs switch signaling messages
received to another STP or to a SP on the basis of the
destination address. No call processing of the signaling
messages occurs in a STP/STEP. A STP can be
integrated in a SP (i.e. STEP) or can form a node of its
own in the signaling network.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
CCS#7 NODES
Signaling links
A channel of an existing transmission link (e.g. a PCM30
link) is used as the signaling data link. Generally, more
than one signaling link exists between two SPs in order
to provide redundancy.
One signaling link can convey the signaling messages
for many user circuits.
The signaling points and the signaling links form an
independent signaling network, which is overlaid over
the circuit network.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Signaling modes
Associated mode of signaling : the signaling link is
routed together with the circuit group belonging to the
link. In other words, the signaling link is directly
connected to SPs which are also the terminal points of
the circuit group.
Quasi-associated mode of signaling, the signaling link
and the circuit group run along different routes, the
circuit group connecting the SP A directly with the SP B.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
FUNCTIONAL LEVELS OF CCS#7
For internal circulation of BSNL only
CCS#7 Functional levels
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Level 1 (signaling data link) defines the physical, electrical
and functional characteristics of a signaling data link and the
access units. Level 1 represents the bearer for a signaling link.
Level 2 (signaling link) defines the functions and procedures
for a correct exchange of user messages via a signaling link.
error detection using check bits
error correction by re-transmitting signal units
error rate monitoring on the signaling data link
restoration of fault-free operation,
CCS#7 Functional levels
Level 3 (signaling network) defines the inter-working of
the individual signaling Links.
message handling, i.e. directing the messages to the
desired signaling line, or to the correct UP
signaling network management
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Signal Units (SU)
The MTP transports messages in the form of SUs of varying
length. A SU is formed by the functions of level2. It also
contains control information for the message exchange.
There are three different types of SUs:
Message Signal Units (MSU)
Link Status Signal Units (LSSU)
Fill-In Signal Units (FISU).
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Advantages of CCS7 Signaling
Signaling Channel is allotted only for the duration of the
signaling (optimum utilization & space saving)
Faster call setup
Introduction of new services is possible
More call completion
Security of calls ensured
Efficient NMS
Easy & Efficient traffic engineering
For internal circulation of BSNL only
CCS#7 NETWORK
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Service Switching Points (SSPs)
In conventional telephone networks, Service Switching
Points (SSPs) are usually telephone central offices, also
known as End-Offices, or Access Tandems. In the
cellular mobile or wireless communications
environment, an SSP is frequently located at the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC).
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Service Control Points (SCPs)
Service Control Points (SCPs) are network intelligence
centers where databases of call processing information
are stored. The primary function of SCPs is to respond to
queries from other SCPs, by retrieving the requested
information from the appropriate database within the
SCP node, and sending it back to the originator of the
request.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Signaling Transfer Points (STPs)
STPs like the EAGLE 5 ISS are ultra-reliable, high-speed
packet switches at the heart of SS7 networks.
They are nearly always deployed in mated pairs.
The primary functions of STPs are to provide access to
SS7 networks and routing of signaling messages.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
STP Functions
SS7 Message routing
Global Title Translation
SS7 Network Management
Network Interconnection
Gateway Screening
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Message Routing
All nodes in the network are identified by a
unique point code.
This point code is used by CCSS #7 as the
Origination Point Code (OPC) and the
Destination Point Code (DPC) in the routing
label of all Message Signaling Units (MSUs).
STPs have the ability to route messages to all
types of signaling points.For internal circulation of BSNL only
Global Title Translation
By using SCCP to translate
addresses (Global titles) from
signaling messages that do not
contain explicit information allowing
the MTP to route the message.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Network Management
Acts as traffic cop to route traffic around failures in
a network, and to control link congestion.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Gateway Screening
Screening is the capability to examine Incoming and
Outgoing packets and allow those which are
authorized. This is done by going through a series of
Gateway screening tables that must be configured by
the service provider
For internal circulation of BSNL only
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Why SSTP is required in BSNL
When any mobile subscriber roams to other Service
Area then the signaling traffic or SMS are being handled
by the signaling channel of BSNL taken by private
operator against POI. BSNL is not able to measure the
traffic and kind of traffic. By putting SSTP in system we
can measure the traffic and bill to private operators.
It will enable migration from TDM based network to IP
based networks.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
EAGLE 5 Integrated Signaling System
EAGLE 5 ISS is a large-capacity, multi-functional,
Signaling Transfer Point (STP). This system can grow
from a single-shelf, 80-link STP to a multi-frame, 2000-
link STP.
The EAGLE 5 ISS does not have a separate central
processing unit to bottleneck traffic throughput.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
EAGLE 5 ISS Features
Exceptional Capacity: The system supports up to 2,000
links, one million global title translation (GTT) table
entries and 384 million subscriber records.
High Performance: Transaction speeds of up to
640,000 message signaling units (MSUs) per second.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Features
Flexible Interconnection: Supports multiple link interface types, including 100 Base-T, DS0A,, E1/T1 ATM HSL, channelized E1 and T1,and synchronous E1 HSL (SE-HSL).
Network Security: Because signaling connectivity to other service providers is centralized at the EAGLE 5 ISS, gateway screening is centralized and not required at multiple switches.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
IP Connectivity
The EAGLE 5 ISS provides connectivity between SS7
and IP networks, enabling messages to pass between
the SS7 network domain and the IP network domain.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
EAGLE frames
There are five types of EAGLE frames:
Control Frames
Extension Frames
Miscellaneous Frames
General Purpose Frames
OAP Frame (not shown)
For internal circulation of BSNL only
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Control Frame (CF)
Principal frame for system.
Control shelf contains all components of Maintenance
Administration Subsystem (MAS)
Control shelf with up to ten application modules.
Up to two extension shelves, each with up to 16
application modules.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Extension Frames
Extension Frames (EF)
Provisioned when more than two extension shelves are
needed.
Up to five per system (EF-00 to EF-04)
Up to three extension shelves mounted in each frame
(EF-04 has one extension shelf)
For internal circulation of BSNL only
General Purpose Frame
Integrated Sentinel- Sentinel Processor Frame ( SPF)
Extended Services Platform (ESP)
Sentinel Processor Frame (SPF)
Multi Purpose Server.
These frames are numbered GPF 00 through GFP-
xx
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Miscellaneous Frame
Optional frame
May be equipped with a Fuse Alarm Panel (FAP)
Equipment accommodated holdover clock: test
equipment: jack panels: spare card shelf; printer;
terminal; etc
For internal circulation of BSNL only
Objectives of SSTP
Regulate, measure, and account for inter-network traffic
including SMS messages from mobile networks including
GSM and CDMA
Achieve flexibility and transparency in management of
signalling for BSNLs wired and wireless networks.
Optimal expansion of GSM & CDMA network of BSNL
Introduction of new services.
Offer CCS7 & IP Signaling Services to other Wire line &
Wireless Network Operators.
For internal circulation of BSNL only
SSTPs at BSNL Network
21 TAX Locations with an STP at each location.
Pair of STPs are designated as mated pair with identical
routing data and complete failover capability.
Phase 1 - 10 Locations
Phase 2 - 11 additional locations.
4 Additional locations are Jammu, Shimla, Dimapur,
Shillong and dropping Raipur
Phase 3 Expansion of all 24 nodes to about capacity
of 1800 LSL per node
For internal circulation of BSNL only
SSTPs at BSNL Network
Connect multiple SS7 nodes (MSC, L1 TAX, L2 TAX, Local
Exchanges, SMSC, HLR, SCP) to a mated pair Using SS7
E1 links.
SSTPs interconnected using BSNLs IP/MPLS network on
M2PA
Later on M3UA functionality is also included to connect the
access nodes e.g. Soft switch, GMSC, IN, HLR etc.
Centralized Network Management with an Active and DR
Standby site
Central Billing Server for billing inter-carrier SS7 usage
For internal circulation of BSNL only
For internal circulation of BSNL only