Refineries E 04/2009 1 Sterling SIHI GmbH Innovative solutions for Refineries Liquid pumps, vacuum pumps and complete systems Flare Gas Recovery Environmental laws Worldwide, environmental laws mandate the production of cleaner fuels. New and existing refineries will upgrade their operations to reduce emissions of Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ), Sulphur Oxides (SO x ) and Greenhouse Gases (Carbon Dioxide CO 2 ). Flare gas recovery with liquid ring compressors Flammable waste gases are vented from refinery operations during process upsets and normal operation. Gases are collected in piping headers and delivered to a recovery unit, before they reach the flare. Since recovered gas is used as refinery fuel gas, emissions and fuel gas costs are reduced significantly. Liquid ring compression is the most ideal technology for flare gas or off gas. Flare gas contains liquids, dust and dirt particles. The temperature rise of the gas during compression is limited. Due to intensive contact between gas and operating fluid, a nearly isothermal compression can be realized. A liquid ring compressor can withstand wet process streams and fouling with ease, whereas other mechanical compressors can be damaged. S terling SIHI Gm bH
Transcript
Refineries E 04/2009 1 Sterling SIHI GmbH
Innovative solutions for
Refineries
Liquid pumps, vacuum pumps and complete systems
Flare Gas Recovery
Environmental lawsWorldwide, environmental laws mandate the production of cleaner fuels. New andexisting refineries will upgrade their operations to reduce emissions of NitrogenOxides (NOx), Sulphur Oxides (SOx) and Greenhouse Gases (Carbon Dioxide CO2).
Flare gas recovery with liquid ring compressorsFlammable waste gases are vented from refinery operations during process upsetsand normal operation. Gases are collected in piping headers and delivered to arecovery unit, before they reach the flare. Since recovered gas is used as refineryfuel gas, emissions and fuel gas costs are reduced significantly.
Liquid ring compression is the most ideal technology for flare gas or off gas. Flaregas contains liquids, dust and dirt particles. The temperature rise of the gas duringcompression is limited. Due to intensive contact between gas and operating fluid, anearly isothermal compression can be realized. A liquid ring compressor canwithstand wet process streams and fouling with ease, whereas other mechanicalcompressors can be damaged.
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Simplified Refinery Process
Process steps
A (Vacuum) Distillation: heated crude oil is separated into several products, according to theirindividual boiling points.
B Coker: Breaking long chain molecules into shorter molecules, off gases are collected for recovery.
C Hydro Cracker: similar to B, now using hydrogen.
D Fluid Catalytic Cracker: similar to B, now using a catalyst.
E Flare Gas Recovery / Amine Treatment: Waste gases are collected for recovery, hydrogensulphide is removed in the amine treatment column and the gas is re-used as refinery fuel gas.
F Sulphur Recovery Unit: in a reaction process H2S is converted into sulphur.
