Date post: | 12-Jan-2015 |
Category: |
Business |
Upload: | edutic-ecuador |
View: | 644 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Innovation, Technology, and Silicon Valley
U.S. CONSULATE ECUADOR
Who Am I? Aamer Khan US Diplomat – Foreign Service Officer (2011-Now) Engineer, Technologist & Entrepreneur (1993-2011) Worked at: IBM, Rational Software, Hewlett Packard, and a
few other companies. Owned and Run: Silicon Valley Startups (1996-2002) Patents on software development processes, tools, and
technology.
Expertise: Software Programming, Internet & Information Technology, Designing Software Development Tools, Managing Software Development Teams…. & now representing the United States as a diplomat
Our agenda today A brief history of Silicon Valley…. A look at the people, the companies, the universities, that created
it. A discussion on why it exists, what are the ingredients that make it
tick?
The folklore… how the entrepreneurial spirit of Silicon Valley is woven into the culture…. the self belief…. the competitive core… of the people in the valley… and its connection to the American dream itself.
The Technology what are the technologies we have seen emerge and what is emerging now…. and why are they important.
And finally we want to look at what sustains American entrepreneurship?
Caveats I am an Engineer not a historian. The story can be told with many different
perspectives…. This is just one possible perspective.
I will not mention many things that you might consider an important part of the story….
So where is this place?
The beginning…. 1946
Fredrick Terman1900-1982
Microwave Valley? Customer = Military Problem = Penetrating and disabling the USSR
radar network. Objective:
Signals Intelligence – to understand the USSR radar systems
Jammers – to disable the USSR radar systems Stealth – to reduce radar footprints of US aircraft
Solution: Microwave power tubes Electronically tunable High power, broad frequency range, and high speed
Stanford Industrial Park…. 1951
Semiconductors…. mid 1950s
William Shockley1910-1989
Integrated Circuits…. on Silicon Jack Kilby – Texas Instruments first
patent for an integrated circuit made on Germanium – 1959
Robert Noyce – Fairchild Semiconductor six months later made on Silicon – 1959
Componentization Miniaturization Mass production Low cost with increasing volume
Printing Press : Books = IC Fabrication : Circuits
Customer still the Government……. 1960s Aerospace Program is key motivator:
Apollo Program – Guidance Computer Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles – Guidance
Computer 1966 – 2632 computers in the U.S. of which 1967
work for the Defense Department. 1968 – 37% of the total integrated circuit market
is for US Aerospace Program 1961 - IBM has 81% share of world computer
market
But …. things are about to change
Commercial Computers IBM 360
DEC PDP-1
Microprocessor & Memory…. late 1960s
Gordon Moore1929 -
Robert Noyce1927 - 1990
FoundedJuly 18, 1968
1K DRAM1970
I4004 - Microprocessor1971
Storage 1970s
San Jose Research Lab
IBM Floppy Disk1971
IBM Winchester Hard Drive1973
First Successful Microcomputer
Apple Computer1976
Steve Jobs – 1955 - 2011Steve Wozniak – 1950 - Apple II
1977
Why did Apple succeed? Killer Application -- Electronic Spreadsheet
VisiCalc VisiCorp Dan Bricklin Personal Productivity Powerful Cost Savings
Evolution
IBM & Microsoft IBM PC – 1981
Intel 8088 Off the shelf parts PC DOS 1.0
Time to market
MS-DOS 1.0 IBM PC Clones Q-DOS Very successful
Killer Application Lotus 1-2-3 Mitch Kapor 1983
Microsoft & Intel & PC Ecosystem
First Successful Microcomputer
Venture Capital
1958 SBIC Act : Gov’t match private investment 3:11978 - Capital Gains Slashed – 49.5% to 28%
1979 - Employee Retirement Income Security Act
- Pension funds can invest in VC funds
The Golden Rule He who has the gold makes the rules.
While all this was going on…. 1969 – ARPANET inaugurated with four nodes
– UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, and UC Santa Barbara, University of Utah.
ARPANET to The Internet 1983 – TCP/IP running
on Unix BSD 4.2 Debut’s on Arpanet.
1985 – Arpanet officially renamed “The Internet’
1986 - Internet Engineering Task Force
1990 – “hypertext” introduced by Tim Berners-Lee CERN
Needs killer applications….
Killer Applications for the Internet Browser – HTTP and Hypertext – in1993 Early
version of Mosaic – NCSA University of Illinois Urbana Champaign
Web Servers with Content – in 1993 only 50 WWW servers known to exist.
Search Engine – in 1990 search engine Archie exists but not much to search.
Email – Most popular application on the Internet
Yet again… the valley is on fire
1994 – Netscape NavigatorInternet Information Server
1995 – Search Engine1996 – Free Email
1995 – Portal, Email & Search Engine
1997/8 – Search Engine
Recap… Technology
Investment, Venture Capital
So what is next?
Cloud Computing
Similar to: IC – Microcomputers Microcomputers – Application
Software Computers + Networks
+Software = Internet Ready to use Infrastructure:
Elastic Computation Power Networking Storage Content Delivery Database
Low entry cost.
What sustains Silicon Valley?
Availability, concentration, and fluidity of Capital.
Business friendly regulatory environment.
Availability of skilled and innovative workers.
Universities, research & development institutions.
Intellectual property rights.
The legend, the dream, the belief that …. Yes You Can!
Questions?
Become a Fan! Consulado General de los Estados Unidos en GuayaquilFollow us on Twitter @ConsEEUUGYE
Outline of American Government 1Outline of American Geographu 1Semblanza de la Geografía Estadounidense 1Semblanza de la Literarutra Estadounidense 1Reseña de la Geografia de los Estados Unidos 2Semblanza de la Economia de los Estados Unidos 9Perfil del Gobierno Americano 5Semblanza del Sistema Juridico de EEUU 5Outline of American Literature 1Reforma Comercial 18