Similarities

• The peak of Islam’s political and military power

• All based on military conquest• All from Turkic nomadic cultures• All absolute monarchies

Differences

• All were Muslim but Mughals ruled over a predominantly non-Muslim population

• Ottomans had large Christian minority

• Safavids were Shi’ite Muslims

OTTOMANS

• OSMAN attempts to build a unified empire by conquering & controlling lands in Anatolia (east of Constantinople)–gunpowder & cannons military

strength–1299 – Ottoman Empire is

established

O – Osman:

• Title of caliph (spiritual leader, guide Islamic faith) given to the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire since the 16th century (1500s)

T – Title of Caliph:

• Non-Muslims paid a tax, but they were allowed to practice their religion or to convert to Islam.

T – Tolerant of Non-Muslims:

• The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims and they used Janissaries: young boys taken from the Christian population.

Boys were converted to Islam and trained as elite soldiers or slaves to serve the Sultan (Devshirme)

O – Ottomans were:

• Ottomans laid siege to Constantinople

• Fall of Constantinople in 1453 brought end to the Byzantine Empire

• The Ottomans made the city their capital renaming it Istanbul http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqJXxHi6RwQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

M – Mehmet II:

• Ottomans produced coffee, carpets, and ceramics that were traded along the Silk Road across the Middle East to Asia

A – A lot of trade:

• Greatest of Ottoman rulers, Suleiman I.

• Suleiman ruled for 46 years. He was a great military commander, but he is known for his legislation as well.

• He codified Ottoman law keeping Islamic faith, took into account Christian inhabitants of the Empire, addressed taxes, and built more schools.

N – Notable Ruler:

Suleiman I

1520-1566

• Selim II, inherited the throne from Suleiman but was defeated militarily in 1571 by Spain & Italy

• corruption & power struggles

• Decline of Ottomans

S – Slow decline:

SAFAVIDS

• Shah Ismail seized much of what is today Iran and Iraq (1501)

• Ismail sent missionaries into Ottoman lands

• Massacred Sunni Muslims (Ottomans) when he conquered Baghdad in 1508

S – Shah Ismail:

• Safavids – Shi’ite Muslims • Ottoman – Sunni Muslims • In response to the massacre of Sunni Muslims

when Ismail conquered Baghdad-

Selim the Grim order that 40,000 Shi’ite Muslims to be killed in the Ottoman Empire

*Conflict between Sunnis and Sh’iites continues today

A – A Religious Conflict:

• Safavids were open to foreigners in their empire

F – Foreigners Welcomed:

• Similar to the Ottomans

• Used a slave army like the Janissaries

A – Army:

V – Vibrant Middle Class:

• Safavids had vibrant middle class

• Carpet weaving became a national industry

(Persian rugs)

• Safavid Empire is Iran today

I – Iran:

D – Downfall:• The Safavids declined after death of

Shah Abbas in 1629

• By 1722 Afghanistan tribal armies were taking over portions of the Safavid Empire

• Safavids reached peak of power under Shah Abbas

• Shah Abbas encouraged international trade and the production of silks, carpets, ceramics and metal ware for sale to Europeans.

S – Shah Abbas the Great:

MUGHALS

•Mughal Empire- what is now Modern Day India

M – Modern Day India:

• After Babur’s (Mughal founder) death, his grandson, Akbar, continued the expansion until most of India was under his control

U – Unified Empire:

• Political stability and peace = period of growth in trade

• MANY REFORMS MADE BY ruler Akbar!• Educated gov’t officials, reorganized tax

system, built libraries & schools

G – Golden Age:

• Although Muslim, Akbar adopted a policy of religious tolerance for Hindus

• He abolished special tax on non-Muslims

H – Hindus Accepted:

A – Art and Architecture • Were well supported by

Akbar

• Patron of many artists@ Akbar’s court

• Architecture – massive, graceful, decorated with stonework of Hindu themes

• The British began to setup trading ports along Western coast of India

• Brought elegant Mughal textiles to British markets

• Began influence of Britian in India

L –: Lasting impact of textile industry

S – Shah Jahan: •Raises taxes

•Shah Jahan built Taj Mahal for deceased wife

•His son Aurangzeb succeeds him and Mughal decline begins