Simon-Thomas et al.

7/30/2019 Simon-Thomas et al.

1/14

Dg iFXE s}pmu li odxega ys s`ci&ilops mpxegaegmpo`m olf~dsselg dgm ~xem`

@fecedgd X' _eflg&]blfds#4 Jdkph Almzek#8 @cezdh`}b Ods}c`#? Lcad Dg}lg`gkl#= Dpx`ce` ^lgz#=

Dc`ksdgm`x Kladg#= dgm Mdob`x J' K`c}g`x=4]b` O`g}`x ilx Olf~dsselg dgm Dc}xpesf X`s`dxob dgm @mpod}elg# _}dgilxm Pgey`xse}u# _}dgilxm# Odceilxged# P_D# 8M`~dx}f`g} li

F`meoeg`# Qdsbega}lg Pgey`xse}u# _}' Clpes# Fesslpxe# P_D# ?M`~dx}f`g} li ^suoblclau# Pgey`xse}u li Odceilxged# Cls Dga`c`s# Cls Dga`c`s#

OD# P_D# dgm =M`~dx}f`g} li ^suoblclau# Pgey`xse}u li Odceilxged# H`xk`cù# H`xk`cù# Odceilxged# P_D

]bes s}pmu `rdfeg`m g`pxdc do}eyd}elg mpxega }b` `r~`xe`go` li olf~dsselg# dg `fl}elg }bd} lxe`g}s ~`l~c` }lqdxm ypcg`xdhc`

l}b`xs dgm ~xlf~}s odxàeyega# dgm ~xem`# d s`ci&ilops`m `fl}elg }bd} seagdcs egmeyempdc s}x`ga}b dgm bèab}`g`m s}d}ps'

Ipgo}elgdc fdag`}eo x`slgdgo` efda`s "iFXE% q`x` dotpex`m ds ~dx}eoe~dg}s ye`q`m 00 s olg}egplps s`tp`go`s li scem`s }l

egmpo` è}b`x olf~dsselg lx ~xem`# ~x`s`g} m eg dc}`xgd}elg qe}b s`tp`go`s li g`p}xdc scem`s' @fl}elg s`ci&x ~lx} md}d q`x`

olccò}`m di}`x `dob scem` olgme}elg qe}beg }b` iFXE sodgg`x' Olf~dsselg egmpo}elg qds dssloed}`m qe}b do}eyd}elg eg }b`

femhxdeg ~`xedtp`mpo}dc axdu "^DA%# d xàelg }bd} es do}eyd}`m mpxega ~deg dgm }b` ~`xo`~}elg li l}b`xs ~deg# dgm }bd} bds

h``g ef~ceod}`m eg ~dx`g}dc gpx}pxdgo` h`bdyelxs' ^xem` egmpo}elg `gada`m }b` ~ls}`xelx f`medc olx}`r# d xàelg }bd} bds h``g

dssloed}`m qe}b s`ci&xì`x`g} ~xlo`ssega' _`ci&x`~lx}s li olf~dsselg `r~`xe`go` q`x` olxx`cd}`m qe}b egox`ds`m do}eyd}elg eg d

xàelg g`dx }b` ^DA# dgm eg }b` xeab} egi`xelx ixlg}dc auxps "EIA%' _`ci&x`~lx}s li ~xem` `r~`xe`go`# eg olg}xds}# q`x` olxx`cd}`m qe}bx`mpo`m do}eyd}elg eg }b` EIA dgm }b` dg}`xelx egspcd' ]b`s` x`spc}s ~xlyem` ~x`cefegdxu `yem`go` }lqdxms pgm`xs}dgmega }b`

g`pxdc olxx`cd}`s li ef~lx}dg} eg}`x~`xslgdc mef`gselgs li olf~dsselg dgm ~xem`' Odxega "olf~dsselg% dgm s`ci&ilops "~xem`% fdu

x`~x s`g} olx` d~~xdesdcs }bd} meii`x g}ed}` }b` x`s~lgs` ~xliec`s li fdgu `fl}elgs'

Kùqlxms: gpx}pxega; s`ci&ilops; odxàeyega; femhxdeg ~`xedtp`mpo}dc axdu; ~ls}`xelx f`medc olx}`r

EG]XLMPO]ELG

Olf~dsselg dgm ~xem` x`~x`s`g} g`q ixlg}e`xs li egtpexu

eg diiò}ey` soe`go`' Olf~dsselg es dg l}b`x&lxe`g}`m `fl&

}elgdc x`s~lgs` }l ~`xo ey`m spii`xega }bd} egylcy`s qdg}&

ega }l odx` ilx }bls` eg g``m "Al`}z `} dc'# 8>4>%' ^xem`# egolg}xds}# es d s`ci&lxe`g}`m s}d}` x`s~lgsey` }l do}elgs }bd}

`c`yd} egmeyempdc lx eg&axlp~ s}d}ps "]xdou dgm Xlhegs#

8>>=# 8>>1%' @f~exeodc s}pme s bdy` hàpg }l mlopf`g}

blq }b`s }ql `fl}elgs dx` dssloed}`m qe}b meii x`g}

glg&y`xhdc seagdcs "]xdou dgm Xlhegs# 8>>=; B`x}`gs}èg

`} dc'# 8>>9; _eflg&]blfds `} dc'# 8>>5% dgm flm`s li }begk&

ega dhlp} x`cd}elgs h`}q``g }b` s`ci dgm l}b`xs "Lyès `} dc'#

8>4>%' ]b s` meii`x g} ceg`s li egtpexu spaa`s} }bd} olf&

~dsselg es mìeg`m hu d odxega lxe`g}d}elg d} }b` c`y`c li

seagdc h`bdyelx dgm sloedc olage}elg "dg egox`ds`m s`gs`

li sefecdxe}u }l l}b`xs% qb`x`ds ~xem` es mìeg`m hu dg egme&

yempd}ega# xdgk&x cd}`m s`ci&ilops' Eg }b` ~x s`g} egy`s&

}ead}elg q` `rdfeg` qb`}b`x s~òeieo g`pxdc sus}`fssp~~lx} }b` olx` ~xl~`x}e`s li }b`s` }ql s}d}`s: odxega ys

s`ci&ilops'

Olf~dsselg dgm odxega: ~x`meo}elgs li g`pxdc

olxx`cd}`s

Eg }b` ~x`s`g} x`s`dxob# q` dx` apem`m hu dg d~~xdesdc }`g&

m`gou d~~xldob }l `fl}elg# qbeob ~lse}s }bd} mes}ego} `fl&

}elgs dx` mìeg`m hu olx` d~~xdesdcs "_fe}b dgm @ccsqlx}b#

4520; Cdzdxps# 4554; C`xg`x dgm K`c}g`x# 8>>4%' Ilx `rdf~c`#

dga`x es mìeg`m hu d s`gs` li pgidexg`ss odps`m hu l}b`xs

eg}`g}elgdc do}elgs' @fl}elg&s~òeieo d~~xdesdcs sbd~` blq

`fl}elgs egicp`go` meii`x`g} kegms li olage}elg "K`c}g`x dgm

C`xg`x# 8>4>%# dgm ~x`spfdhcu }b` g`pxdc sus}`fs `gada`m

mpxega d ~dx}eopcdx `fl}elg'Qe}beg dg d~~xdesdc ixdf`qlxk# olf~dsselg es mìeg`m hu

}ql olx` ~xlo`ss`s: }b` `f~d}beo xòlage}elg li dgl}b`xs

spii`xega dgm }b` fl}eyd}elg }l odx` ilx dgl}b`x "Cdzdxps#

4554; Al`}z# `} dc'# 8>4>%' Ef~lx}dg}cu# }bes olgo`~}pdc dgd&

cuses mes}egapesb`s `f~d}bu# qbeob egylcy`s fexxlxega dgm

em`g}eiuega dgl}b`xs s}d}`# ixlf olf~dsselg# qbeob dcsl eg&

ylcy s odxàeyega fl}eyd}elg }l x`mpo dgl}b xs spii xega"Hd}slg dgm _bdq# 4554%' ]bes olgo`~}pdc dgdcuses# ds q`cc

ds s`cò} g`pxlsoe`go` iegmegas# s`} }b` s}da` ilx ~x`meo}elgs

olgo`xgega }b` g`pxdc olxx`cd}`s li olf~dsselg# mes}eg&

apesb`m hu e}s olx` }b`f` li odxega']b` `f~d}beo x`s~lgs` }l dgl}b`x ~`xslgs spii`xega es }b`

iexs} s}da` li olf~dsselg "Hd}slg dgm _bdq# 4554%' Hu ef&

~ceod}elg# `f~d}bu&x`cd}`m g`pxdc ~xlo`ss`s fdu h` do}eyd}`m

mpxega `r~`xe`go`s li olf~dsselg' Qe}beg }b` g`pxlsoe`go`

ce}`xd}px` s`y`xdc kegms li `f~d}bu bdy` h``g egy`s}ead}`m#

Xòèy`m 81 D~xec 8>44; Doo`~}`m 88 Jpg` 8>44

]bes qlxk bds h``g sp~~lx}`m hu ]b` ]`f~c`}lg Dmydgo`m X`s`dxob ^xlaxdf# s~lgslx`m hu }b` F`}dg`rps

Egs}e}p}` lg X`ceaelg# _oe`go dgm }b` Bpfdge}e`s# qe}b }b` a`g`xlps sp~~lx} li }b` Jlbg ]`f~c`}lg

Ilpgmd}elg'

Olxx s~lgm go` sblpcm h` dmmx`ss`m }l @fecedgd _eflg&]blfds# ?>9 Jlxmdg Bdcc# ]b` O`g} x ilx

Olf~dsselg dgm Dc}xpesf X`s`dxob dgm @mpod}elg# _}dgilxm Pgey`xse}u# _}dgilxm# OD 5=?>0# P_D'

@&fdec: seflg}blfdsNs}dgilxm'`mp

mle:4>'4>5?,sodg,gsx>=0 _ODG "8>44% 4 li 4=

]b Dp}blx "8>44%' ^phcesb`m hu Lrilxm Pgey`xse}u ^x`ss'Ilx `xfesselgs# ~c`ds `fdec: jlpxgdcs'~`xfesselgsNlp~'olf

_loedc Olage}ey` dgm Diiò}ey` G`pxlsoe`go` Dmydgo` Doo`ss ~phcesb`m _`~}`fh`x 9# 8>44


2/14

xdgaega ixlf }b` i``cegas ~xlmpo`m hu dp}lfd}eo fexxlxega#

sefpcd}elg lx `fhlmef`g} li l}b`x ~`l~c`s i``cegas "diiò}&

ey` `f~d}bu% }l pgm`xs}dgmega l}b`x ~`l~c`s f`g}dc s}d}`s

"olage}ey` `f~d}bu%# }u~eodccu ds }b` l}b`x ~`l~c` `r~`xe&

`go` egiceo}`m ~deg "Mò`}u dgm Jdokslg# 8>>=; _ega`x# 8>>9;

_ega`x dgm Cdff# 8>>5; Bllk`x `} dc'# 8>4>; X`ge`xs `} dc'#

8>44%' ]b`s` s}pme`s# qbec` ue`cmega ydxed}elg eg o`x}deg ~d}&}`xgs li g`pxdc do}eyd}elg# ml olgy`xa` lg qbd} slf` olg&

sem`x dg `f~d}bu g`}qlxk' ]bes g`}qlxk }u~eodccu egocpm`s:

}b` egspcd# femhxdeg xàelgs# }b` oegapcd}` olx}`r# }b` dg}`x&

elx }`f~lxdc olx}`r# s`gslxefl}lx olx}`r# }b` egi`xelx ixlg}dc

auxps "EIA%# }b` f`medc ~xìxlg}dc olx}`r "fÎO%# }b` sp&

~`xelx }`f~lxdc spcops dgm auxps dgm }`f~lxdc ~dxe`}dc

olx}`r "]Ô% dx`ds' Eg}`x`s}egacu# egmeyempdcs s`ci&x`~lx}`m

i``cegas li `f~d}bu# ds q`cc ds }b` }`gm`gou }l i``c `f~d}b&

`}eo eg mdecu cei`# ~x`meo} ax`d}`x do}eyd}elg eg o`x}deg xàelgs

li }b` `f~d}bu g`}qlxk}bls` }u~eodccu egylcy`m eg x`~x`&

s`g}ega dgm ~xlo`ssega }b` `f~d}bez`xs lqg eg}`xgdc s}d}`s

"_ddx`cd `} dc'# 8>>1; îèi`x `} dc'# 8>>2; Bllk`x# `} dc' 8>4>%'

Ixlf x`s~lgmega qe}b i``cega }l pgm`xs}dgmega qbd} l}b`x

~`l~c`s spii`xega `r~x`sselgs f`dg# xàelgs li }b` `f~d}bu

g }qlxk dx` odgmemd}`s li ~lssehc` do}eyd}elg mpxega

olf~dsselg'Hùlgm }b` ege}edc `f~d}beo x`s~lgs`# }b`x` es d sòlgm

olx` ~xlo`ss egylcy`m eg olf~dsselg: }b` fl}eyd}elg }l ~xl&

yem` odx` }l dcc`yed}` }b` l}b`x ~`xslgs spii`xega "Hd}slg dgm

_bdq# 4554; @es`gh`xa `} dc'# 8>>8; Al`}z `} dc'# 8>4>%'

Bu~l}b`s`s dhlp} g`pxdc olxx`cd}`s li }bes odxàeyega fl}ey&

d}elg dx` egilxf`m hu g`pxlefdaega s}pme s li `f~d}bu

}lqdxm eg&axlp~ ys lp}&axlp~ yeo}efs: gdf`cu# o`x}deg x`&

aelgs li }b` `f~d}bu g`}qlxk sblq flx` xlhps} do}eyd}elg

eg x`s~lgs` }l eg&axlp~ yeo}efs cek`cu }l xòèy` flx` odxìxlf `f~d}bez`xs' Ilx `rdf~c`# Fd}bpx dgm olcc`dap`s x`&

~lx}`m ax`d}`x fÎO do}eyd}elg eg x`s~lgs` }l }b` ~deg li

l}b`xs qe}b eg&axlp~ ys lp}&axlp~ f`fh`xsbe~# ds q`cc ds

ax`d}`x dc}xpes}eo fl}eyd}elg "Fd}bpx `} dc'# 8>4>%' Dgl}b`x

xò`g} s}pmu sblq`m bèab}`g`m dg}`xelx oegapcd}`# dg}`xelx

egspcd dgm ^DA do}eyd}elg mpxega `f~d}bu }lqdxm }b` ~deg

li d cly`m lg` ds l~~ls`m }l dg pgkglqg yeo}ef " Ob`ga

`} dc'# 8>4>%' Iegdccu# eg dg `rdfegd}elg li blq ~`xo`~}elgs

li x`s~lgsehece}u diiò} `f~d}bu# egglo`g} yeo}efs "qbl dx`

cek`cu }l `ylk` ax`d}`x odx`% c`m }l ax`d}`x do}eyd}elg eg oeg&

apcd}`# dg}`xelx egspcd dgm ^DA xàelgs li }b` `f~d}bu g`}&

qlxk }bdg hcdf`qlx}bu "c`ss odx`qlx}bu% yeo}efs "Mò`}u

`} dc'# 8>>5%' ]b s` s}pme s# blq`y x# mem gl} `r~ceoe}cudss`ss odxàeyega fl}eyd}elg# dgm }bps ml gl} pgdfheaplps&

cu mlopf`g} d x`cd}elgsbe~ h`}q``g x`~lx}`m do}eyd}elg dgm

odxàeyega fl}eyd}elg' Dg dc}`xgd}ey` eg}`x~x`}d}elg es }bd}

}b` do}eyd}elg obdga`s f`x`cu xìcò} d s}xlga`x `f~d}beo

x`s~lgs` qb`xèg egox`ds`m fexxlxega c`dms }l egox`ds`m `g&

ada`f`g} li sloedc olage}ey` xàelgs# e'`' flx` i``cegas dgm

flx` doopxd}` pgm`xs}dgmega' G`y`x}b`c`ss# d }b`f` xpggega

doxlss cly`m lg`s# }dxa`}s li dc}xpes}eo eg}`g}# dgm ypcg`xdhc`

yeo}efs# dcc li qbeob kglqg }l egox`ds` do}eyd}elg qe}beg kù

xàelgs li }b` `f~d}bu g`}qlxk# es }b` s}xlga`x egocegd}elg

}l ~xlyem` odx` }l x`mpo` }bèx spii`xega# }b` olx` d~~xdesdc

}bd} meii`x`g}ed}`s olf~dsselg ixlf `f~d}bu "Al`}z `} dc'#

8>4>%' Ei sl# kù xàelgs li }b` `f~d}bu g`}qlxk fdu x`cd}`

}l d mes}ego} ~xlo`ss mexò}cu }e`m }l odxàeyega fl}eyd}elg#

}bd} qb`g `gada`m# ~xlmpo }b` mes}ego} `r~`xe go li

olf~dsselg'

Xò`g} }b`lxezega dgm g`pxlsoe`g}eieo egtpexu eg}l d ~ls&sehc odxàeyega sus}`f ~xlyem` d sòlgm ~cd}ilxf ilx

fdkega ~x`meo}elgs dhlp} g`pxdc do}eyd}elg dssloed}`m qe}b

olf~dsselg "Fekpcego`x `} dc'# 8>>0; _qdeg# 8>4>%' _}pme`s li

glg&bpfdg fdffdcs bdy` ef~ceod}`m s`y`xdc kù xàelgs eg

~dx`g}dc gpx}pxdgo` h`bdyelxs "oxlpobega ly`x ~p~s# x`&

}xe`ydc }l g`s}# ceokega# ~xlclga`m gpxsega%# qbeob egocpm`

}b` f`medc ~x`l~}eo dx`d "F^LD%# }b` y`g}xdc h`m gpoc`ps

li }b` s}xed }`xfegdces "YH_]%# dgm dx`ds li }b` femhxdeg

egocpmega }b` ~`xedtp`mpo}dc axdu "^DA% "Clgs} eg dgm

_} xg# 4551; Gpfdg dgm Gpfdg# 4551; _}pxaes dgm

Hxema`s# 4551; Clgs} eg dgm M` Yxe s# 8>>>; _}dok `} dc'#

8>>8%' Lru}loeg "L]%# d g`pxl~`~}em # qbeob es hxldmcu

ef~ceod}`m eg }b` ilxfd}elg li d}}dobf`g} hlgms# odx`&

aeyega h`bdyelx dgm ~xl&sloedc lxe`g}d}elg diiò}s ipgo}elg&

ega qe}beg }b`s` ~dx`g}dc gpx}pxdgo` xàelgs "Egs`c `} dc'#

8>>4; Hdpfadx}g`x `} dc '# 8>>2; Odx}`x `} dc '# 8>>2;

Xlmxeap`s `} dc'# 8>>5; Alxmlg `} dc'# 8>4>%' D xò`g} s}pmu

}e`m L] eg }b` F^LD }l egox`ds`m xègilxo`f`g} ydcpd}elg

ilx odxàeyega,gpx}pxdgo` h`bdyelxs eg cdo}d}ega xd}s

"_bdbxlkb `} dc'# 8>4>%; dgl}b`x sblq`m }bd} egipsega L]

eg}l }b` femhxdeg ^DA c`m }l mòx`ds`m s`ci&ilops`m yeae&

cdgo` h`bdyelx eg xd} mdfs# ~x`spfdhcu ix`èga p~ x`slpxo`s

}l sp~~lx} odxàeyega h`bdyelxs pgm`x olgme}elgs li }bx`d}

"Ieapèxd `} dc'# 8>>2%' Eg spf# }b`s` iegmegas beabceab} }b`

femhxdeg&~x`l~}eo

dg} xelx bu~l}bdcdfeo g`pxdc oexope}s}bd} sp~~lx} hdseo ~dx`g}dc gpx}pxdgo` h`bdyelxs dgm }b` ilx&

fd}elg li `dxcu d}}dobf`g} hlgms ds d odgmemd}` sus}`f ilx

sp~~lx}ega }b` ilxfd}elg li d}}dobf`g} hlgms }bxlpablp}

cei`# ds q`cc ds ilx a`g`xd}ega odxàeyega fl}eyd}elg }lqdxm d

qem` s~ò}xpf li l}b`xs'Ef~lx}dg}cu# }b` femhxdeg ^DA# qbec` ef~ceod}`m eg

odx aeyega# es dcsl egylcy`m eg m`so`gmega ~deg olg}xlc

}bxlpab }b` x`c`ds` li `gmla`glps l~elems }bd} egbehe} ds&

o`gmega ~deg seagdcs hìlx` }bù x`dob }b` olx}`r "Bègxeob`x

`} dc'# 8>>5; Clyeok dgm Dmdfò# 8>>5%' _}ecc# ^DA do}eyd}elg

bds h``g x`~lx}`m mpxega se}pd}elgs }bd} ml gl} egylcy` ~deg

}l }b` s`ci' Dclgasem` l}b`x xàelgs cek` }b` lxhe}dc ixlg}dc

olx}`r dgm }bdcdfps# ^DA do}eyd}elg bds h``g x`~lx}`m egs`y`xdc s}pme`s li fl}b`xs ye`qega efda`s li }bèx lqg ys

dotpdeg}`m lx pgkglqg egidg}s# lx ye`qega yem`l oce~s li

}bèx lqg egidg}s `rbehe}ega d}}dobf`g}&ieapx` slceoe}ega h`&

bdyelxs cek` sfecega dgm oxuega "Hdx}`cs dgm Z`ke# 8>>=;

Ge}sobk` `} dc'# 8>>=; Glxepobe `} dc'# 8>>2; _qdeg# 8>>2%'

^DA do}eyd}elg qds dcsl lhs`xy`m# dclga qe}b l}b`x `f~d}bu

g`}qlxk xàelgs# eg ~dx}eoe~dg}s egs}xpo}`m }l a`g`xd}` pg&

olgme}elgdc cly }lqdxm efda`s li mesdhc m ~`l~c`

"H`dpxàdxm `} dc'# 8>>5%# dgm qbec` ~dx}eoe~dg}s ye`q`m

sdm idoedc `r~x`sselgs qe}b egs}xpo}elgs }l `r}`gm d

8 li 4= _ODG "8>44% @' _eflg&]blfds `} dc'


3/14

olf~dsselgd}` d}}e}pm` }lqdxm }b`f "Kef `} dc'# 8>>5%'

Lg` s}pmu }bd} `rdfeg`m g`pxdc do}eyd}elg mpxega x`cey`m

olf~dsselg x`~lx}`m do}eyd}elg eg egspcd# dg}`xelx oegapcd}`#~ls}`xelx f`medc olx}`r# }bdcdfeo dgm femhxdeg dx`ds#

}blpab gl} `r~ceoe}cu x`~lx} m ds }b` ^DA "Efflxmegl&

Udga `} dc'# 8>>5%' Iegdccu# Bdxxeslg `} dc' x`~lx}`m dg eg}xe&

apega x`cd}elgsbe~ h`}q``g `f~d}b`}eo ~p~eccdxu olg}daelg#e'`' fexxlxega }b` ~p~ec sez` li sdm ido`s# dgm }b` fdage}pm`

li femhxdeg ^DA do}eyd}elg; spaa`s}ega ^DA egylcy`f`g} eg`dxcu# dp}lfd}eo x`s~lgmega }l l}b`xs sdmg`ss' Dc}blpab e}

~cdus d o`g}xdc xlc` eg ~deg xàpcd}elg# }b` ^DA es dcsl

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6/14

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https://cirl.berkeley.edu/view/BIC/ReconToolshttps://cirl.berkeley.edu/view/BIC/ReconToolshttp://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spmhttp://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spmhttp://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/doc/program_help/3dClustSim.htmlhttp://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/doc/program_help/3dClustSim.htmlhttp://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/doc/program_help/3dClustSim.htmlhttp://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/doc/program_help/3dClustSim.htmlhttp://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spmhttp://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spmhttps://cirl.berkeley.edu/view/BIC/ReconToolshttps://cirl.berkeley.edu/view/BIC/ReconTools


7/14

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8/14

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9/14

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10/14

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11/14

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12/14

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13/14

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Date post:	04-Apr-2018
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