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Simple Highway Capacity Manual Analysis Tools for Planning Applications Monday, June 10, 2019 2:00-3:30 PM ET TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
Simple Highway Capacity Manual Analysis Tools for Planning Applications
Monday, June 10, 20192:00-3:30 PM ET
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD
The Transportation Research Board has met the standards and
requirements of the Registered Continuing Education Providers Program.
Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to RCEP. A
certificate of completion will be issued to participants that have registered
and attended the entire session. As such, it does not include content that
may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by RCEP.
Purpose
To discuss The National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 825: Planning and Preliminary Engineering Applications Guide.
Learning Objectives
At the end of this webinar, you will be able to:
• Describe what "planning" and "preliminary engineering" mean in an HCM context
• Explain why the Guide was developed, its intended audience, and general structure
• Identify planning tasks to which HCM methods may be applied• Describe case studies provided in the Guide and how they
demonstrate the application of HCM planning methods to a variety of planning tasks
HCM – 6th EditionSimple Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) Analysis Tools for Planning Applications
June 10, 2019
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HCM Webinar Series
Using the HCM for planning
Freeway facility analysis
Travel time reliability analysis
Multimodal analysis
Intersection control evaluation (ICE)
Alternative intersection and corridor analysis
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Instructor
Paul Ryus, PE• Principal Engineer, Kittelson & Associates, Inc.• Former member, TRB Highway Capacity & QOS
Committee • Co-author of NCHRP Report 825:
Planning and Preliminary Engineering Applications Guide to the HCM (“Guide”)
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Learning Objectives
Describe what “planning” and “preliminary engineering” mean in an HCM context
Understand why the Guide was developed, its intended audience, and its general structure
Identify the planning tasks to which HCM methods can potentially be applied
Learn about the case studies provided in the Guide and how they demonstrate the application of HCM planning methods to a variety of planning tasks
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“Planning” in an HCM Context
Planning analyses are generally directed toward broad issues• Initial problem identification, long-range analyses,
statewide performance monitoring
Preliminary engineering analyses support moderately detailed issues• Planning decisions on roadway design concept and scope,
alternatives analyses, and proposed systemwide policies
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Presentation Overview
Need for the Guide
Overview of the Guide
Case Studies
Additional Resources
Potential Use of the Highway Capacity Manualin Planning
The HCM is commonly used to evaluate current or forecast roadway operations
The HCM can also reliably andcost-effectively support:• Planning efforts• Programming decisions• Performance monitoring• Roadway management
But how well is it used for planning?
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Actual Use of the HCM (2000) in Planning
State DOTs, MPOs, local governments, and others were surveyed
Less-experienced users less likely than expert users to see value in using the HCM for planning
More use with short-term than long-term planning
Need existed to describe HCM planning applications
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HCM Applications Guidebook
A similar need previously existed for detailed HCM computational methods
The HCM Applications Guidebook (HCMAG) was created to demonstrate HCM applications to common analysis and design tasks
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Available through online HCM Volume 4, www.hcmvolume4.org
Objectives for a Planning Guide
NCHRP Project 07-22 was funded to develop a planning counterpart to the HCMAG
The resulting Guide is NCHRP Report 825
A follow-up project developed implementation material for the Guide
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Guide’s Relationship to the HCM: Similarities
Documents cross-referenceeach other
Both documents presentmethods for estimating avariety of transportationperformance measures
Guide’s methods are derived from,and consistent with, HCM methods• Simplified to reflect the amount and quality of data typically
available for planning studies
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Guide’s Relationship to the HCM: Differences
Guide is not intendedto replace the HCM
Guide’s methods should not beused to make final decisionsabout roadway design featuresand traffic control
Computational tools• HCM: Specialized software• Guide: Computations by hand, worksheets, spreadsheets
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Presentation Overview
Need for the Guide
Overview of the Guide
Case Studies
Additional Resources
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Levels of Planning Analysis
High level• Large analysis area• Low detail
Medium level• Focus on a single roadway
facility, segment, orintersection
• Greater detail
Low level• Highly focused and highly detailed
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Relative Detail of HCM-Based Analysis Methods
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Focus of the Guide
Multi-facility
Single facility, point
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Guide’s Relationship to the Planning Process
Example Use of the Guide Over the Project Life Cycle
Long-range planning
Alternatives analysis
Screen large number of locations to identify potential needs
Confirm needs,evaluate potential solutions
HCM operations analysis
Final decisions
Confirm results,fine-tune identified solutions,
apply alternative tools if needed
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Guide Outline
Part 1: Overview• Gateway to the Guide for non-HCM users• Information cross-referenced throughout the Guide
Part 2: Medium-Level Analysis• Gateway to the Guide for current HCM users• Planning tools for HCM system elements
Part 3: High-Level Analysis• Guidance on extending the HCM to corridors, areas, and
transportation systems
Part 4: Case Studies
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Part 2 Outline
H. Freeway Analyses I. Multilane Highways J. Two-Lane Highways K. Urban Streets L. Signalized Intersections M. Stop-Controlled Intersections N. Roundabouts O. Pedestrians, Bicyclists, and Public Transit P. Truck Level of Service
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Typical Part 2 Section Outline
Overview Applications Analysis Methods Overview Scoping and Screening Method Section Analysis Applying the HCM with Defaults Simplified HCM Facility Method Reliability (freeways, urban streets, signals) Multimodal LOS cross-reference Case study cross-reference
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Scoping and Screening
Applying generalized service volume tables Developing service volumes Applicable system elements:
• Freeways• Multilane highways• Two-lane highways• Urban streets
AreaType Terrain
Peak-Hour Peak-Direction (veh/h/ln) AADT (2-way veh/day/ln)
LOS A-C LOS DLOS E
(capacity) LOS A-C LOS DLOS E
(capacity)Urban Level 1,550 1,890 2,150 14,400 17,500 19,900Urban Rolling 1,480 1,810 2,050 13,700 16,700 19,000Rural Level 1,460 1,770 2,010 12,100 14,800 16,800Rural Rolling 1,310 1,600 1,820 11,000 13,400 15,200
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Section Analysis Using the HCM with Defaults
Applies the HCM operations method, but using default values for many inputs to reduce data requirements
Requires access to HCM-implementing software
Guide provides information on what input data are needed to apply the method
Guide suggests default values for inputs that can be defaulted
Applicable system elements:• Freeways, multilane highways, two-lane highways• Urban streets
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Example Data Requirements for Multilane Highways
Input Data (units)
ForHCM
Section
ForFacilityMethod Default Value
Hourly directional volume (veh/h) • • Must be providedNumber of directional lanes • • Must be providedTerrain type (level, rolling, etc.) • • Must be provided*Lane width (ft) • • 12Total lateral clearance (ft) • • 12
Access points/mile • •8 (rural), 16 (low-density suburban),25 (high-density suburban)
Free-flow speed (mph) • • Must be providedPercentage heavy vehicles (%) • • 10 (rural), 5 (suburban)**Peak hour factor (decimal) • • 0.88 (rural), 0.95 (suburban)Section length (mi) • Must be providedIntersection performance data • Must be provided
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Simplified HCM Method
Most HCM operations methods require specialized software to implement• Many target users of the Guide won’t have access to this
software• Using the HCM method with defaults may require more
resources than available or appropriate for the analysis
The Guide presents simplified methods that areHCM-compatible, but can be performed by hand or implemented in a basic spreadsheet• Multiple performance measures can be calculated
Simplified methods available for all system elements
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Example Data Requirements for the Simplified Signalized Intersection Method
Performance MeasureInput Data (units) Cap Del LOS MMLOS Que Default ValueNumber of turn lanes • • • • • Must be providedOther geometry • • • • • HCM Exhibit 19-11Signal timing • • • • • HCM Exhibits 19-11 and 19-17
Peak hour factor (decimal) • • • •0.90 (total entering volume <1,000 veh/h), 0.92 (otherwise)
Percentage heavy vehicles (%) • • • • • 3%Parking activity • • • • • NonePedestrian activity • • • • • NoneVolumes by movement (veh/h) • • • • Must be providedAnalysis period length (h) • • • 0.25 h
Cap = capacity, Del = delay, LOS = motorized vehicle level of service, MMLOS = motorized vehicle component of multimodal level of service, Que = queue length
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Presentation Overview
Need for the Guide
Overview of the Guide
Case Studies
Additional Resources
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Case Studies
Freeway master plan
Adding BRT facilities to an urban street
Regional planning
Roadway system monitoring
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Case Study 1: Freeway Master Plan
Master plan covers a 70-milestretch of U.S. 101 in San LuisObispo County, California
Mostly four-lane freeway, witha six-lane section over a hill,and some multilane highway sections
Objective of the planning analysis is to identify current and future problem areas and to prioritize projects for future capital programming
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Develop Supersections
Split facility into supersectionswith similar characteristics• Nine supersections identified,
3–13 miles in length
Develop service volumes• Could use the Guide’s defaults• Could develop local service volumes
using known truck %, terrain type, and traffic peaking info
Identify supersections operating near or below the facility’s operational standard• Advance for further analysis (3 supersections identified)
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Develop Sections and Determine Section Capacity
Three section types used:• Basic, ramp, weave
Determine section’s capacityusing simplified HCM method(by hand or spreadsheet)
Compare demand to capacity
Bottlenecks where demandexceeds capacity meter demand todownstream sections
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Estimate Performance Measures
Available measures:• Speed• Travel time, reliability• Density & LOS• Section 100% in queue
Only input required forestimating speed, density, LOS, and queue is thedemand-to-capacity ratio
Travel times also require knowing the section length
Results can be tabulated or shown in a diagram
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Explore What-Ifs
What if an auxiliary lane is added to the bottleneck section (Section C-4)?• Changes a ramp section to a weave section
Auxiliary lane removes the bottleneck in Section C-4, but sends more demand downstream
LOS is F in either scenario, but facility speed, density, queuing, and maximum demand-to-capacity ratio improve with the auxiliary lane
Maximum d/c Ratio by Scenario C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7
Speed (mph)
Do Nothing 0.82 1.04 0.94 1.28 0.89 0.96 0.89 42.0Add Lane 0.82 1.04 0.94 0.74 0.97 1.09 0.93 53.6
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Case Study 2: Arterial Bus Rapid Transit
Planning study for a proposed14-mile BRT line throughOakland, California
Demonstrates motor vehicleand multimodal planning methodsfor urban streets
Proposed to remove one travel lanein each direction to createexclusive bus lanes
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Develop Supersections
Split facility into supersectionswith similar characteristics• Ten supersections identified
Develop service volumes
Identify supersections operatingnear or below the facility’s operational standard• Advance for further analysis (6 supersections identified)
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Estimate Signalized Intersection Capacity
Gather data for eachsignalized intersectionwithin a supersection• Lane configuration• Left-turn phasing• Turning movement volumes• Other inputs can be defaulted
Convert turning movement volumes into critical lane group volumes
Estimate intersection volume-to-capacity ratio
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Estimate Motor Vehicle Performance Measures
Available measures:• Intersection control delay & LOS• Intersection average & 95th percentile queues• Section and facility average speed• Section and facility travel time
Only input required for estimating delay, LOS, speed, and queue is the volume-to-capacity ratio
Travel times also require knowing the section length
Mode Service Measure Before Value (LOS) After Value (LOS)
Auto speed 19.8 mph (C) 13.8 mph (E)
Ped LOS index 1.98 (B) 0.88 (A)
Bike LOS index 5.13 (E) –3.99 (A)
Transit LOS index 2.78 (C) 3.12/2.15 (C/B)
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Estimate Pedestrian, Bicycle, and Bus Performance
9' 12' 11' 11' 12' 9'10' 10'
Before After
5' 6' 12' 11' 11' 12' 6'8' 8'
ONLYBUS
ONLYBUS
5'
6 local buses/hour 4 local buses/hour (serve every stop)5 BRT buses/hour (stop once within the supersection)
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Case Study 3: Regional Planning
A county is updating its long-rangetransportation plan
Both urban and rural areasare included
Desires to use HCM techniqueswhere possible to provide moreconsistent analysis results now (traffic, air, noise),and in the future (project development)
Why Go to the Trouble of Incorporating HCM Methods?
Provides analytical consistencyas a project progresses fromneed to concept to design
Can allow a greater variety ofproject types to be modelled• Modernization• Traffic operations• Access management
Takes advantage of the extensiveresearch behind HCM methods
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Why Go to the Trouble of Incorporating HCM Methods?
More data about roadwaysis available in databasesthan ever before• Geometry• Traffic• Travel times
Why not use thesedata to improve theaccuracy and sensitivityof regional planning models?
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Approaches for Developing Link Capacities
Generalized• Create general categories of roadways
Suburban freeway, downtown arterial, etc.
• Assign each link to one of these categories• Assign a free-flow speed to each category, and
then calculate the corresponding HCM capacityto be used for that category of links
Link-specific• Gather the data required to determine
each link’s free-flow speed and capacity• Calculate each link’s HCM capacity and provide to the model
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Pros and Cons of the Generalized Approach
Pros• Applies default values—no new data collection needed• Only one capacity calculation needed per roadway category• Flexibility to choose how many categories to develop
More categories = more sensitivity
Cons• Does not consider conditions on any given link that differ
from the general category characteristics• Considers fewer factors that influence free-flow speed
and capacity, relative to the detailed approach
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Pros and Cons of the Detailed Approach
Pros• Produces link-specific free-flow speeds and capacities• Could reduce model calibration effort, as capacities (and
speeds) will more closely reflect actual roadway conditions• Effects of specific projects can be more accurately modeled
Cons• Requires gathering additional data for every link in the model
Significant start-up effort Many inputs can be defaulted, but with accuracy trade-offs
• Link-specific free-flow speeds and capacities need to be imported for every link in the model
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HCM Methods for Estimating Average Link Speed
Chapters in Part 2 of the Guide provide simplified versions of HCM methods for estimating speed• Despite the simplifications, these are still too
computationally intensive for a regional modeling application
For modeling purposes, the Guide provides a simple equation for estimating average link speed, using:• Link capacity (already determined)• Link free-flow speed (already determined)• Link demand volume (estimated by the regional model)
Approximates HCM results, calibrated to when demand greatly exceeds capacity (d/c = 1.9)
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Calibration of the Guide’s Method
Calibrationexample forhigh-speedarterials withlonger signalspacing
Solid line =HCM value
Dashed line =calibratedvalue
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Estimating HCM-Based Speeds within Regional Model
Guide identifies speed–flow curve calibration (A and B) parameters by facility type
Determine a link’s demand-to-capacity ratio
Apply the calibrated speed–flow curve to a link to estimate its average speed
Link ID Facility Type Lanes
Demand (veh/h)
Capacity(veh/h)
Free-Flow Speed (mph)
BPR A
BPRB
d/cRatio
Speed (mph)
A001 Urban freeway 4 8,220 7,200 60 0.17 7 1.14 42.0A002 Urban arterial 3 1,740 2,100 35 2.19 2 0.83 14.0A003 Urban collector 2 1,170 1,200 30 1.89 3 0.98 10.9A004 Rural freeway 2 2,790 3,800 70 0.31 7 0.73 67.6A005 Rural principal highway 2 1,490 3,400 55 0.18 8 0.44 55.0A006 Rural minor highway 1 250 1,300 45 0.38 9 0.19 45.0
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Additional Performance Measures byPost-Processing Model Output
Link density and (for freeways) link LOS
Vehicle-hours in queue by link
Vehicle hours of delay by link
Average annual travel time index (TTI) by link
Systemwide average annual TTI
95th percentile TTI
Percent of trips under 45 mph
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Case Study 4: Roadway System Monitoring
A state DOT has an established roadway system monitoring program that collects roadway volumes and speeds at various locations
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54.9
58.0
54.5
56.1
54.7
54.8
52.3
59.2
51.8
52.7
54.9
52.4
43.3
54.6
53.7
47.8
53.0
53.4
54.1
53.9
59.0
54.1
41.9
50.3
54.8
50.1
54.2
55.4
59.1
55.1
54.0
57.0
54.4
53.5
55.9
59.8
59.2
56.2
54.5
54.9
31.7
56.0
56.8
56.3
54.2
55.7
53.8
54.3
55.6
57.8
54.1
55.8
55.2
51.2
51.9
56.0
58.1
50.0
47.3
49.9
51.4
58.3
59.0
50.0
55.7
56.1
54.6
56.8
28.8
44.6
58.8
56.5
52.3
51.1
52.7
53.9
57.7
52.7
60.1
51.5
54.6
55.9
53.7
56.9
53.1
53.4
52.1
54.6
53.7
56.8
57.1
56.5
57.0
55.9
54.0
52.6
29.1
54.0
55.0
48.3
52.4
55.7
51.4
55.0
57.1
57.4
51.4
52.2
56.6
57.1
56.3
58.9
54.4
54.8
55.3
54.3
57.1
54.6
58.8
55.8
46.8
52.3
56.5
54.8
20.3
52.4
54.7
55.3
51.7
51.3
53.1
54.9
56.6
53.2
58.5
57.2
54.9
55.9
55.8
58.3
56.1
53.8
55.0
54.7
54.1
50.2
55.8
58.0
51.2
50.7
57.5
56.1
25.6
54.5
55.5
54.5
54.9
54.6
52.1
54.9
58.0
58.8
57.1
57.1
51.4
54.8
55.3
60.5
58.0
56.3
54.4
54.2
53.8
55.3
56.1
57.7
50.8
56.5
57.6
54.1
21.3
55.0
57.3
56.1
53.5
55.3
54.6
51.6
60.6
52.9
58.8
52.1
57.5
57.0
60.2
58.3
55.2
55.8
57.4
60.0
57.5
56.9
52.5
56.0
54.7
57.2
50.0
54.5
24.9
58.1
54.4
55.1
53.9
53.3
49.4
56.2
57.1
52.0
57.0
53.1
56.1
50.1
53.7
55.3
55.1
54.5
54.8
57.0
56.6
54.0
56.3
52.3
55.9
52.3
48.8
56.8
27.3
51.4
56.5
52.7
53.5
54.4
56.7
58.2
51.6
55.5
56.6
55.1
46.8
54.2
57.2
55.0
55.6
57.2
54.5
54.0
57.5
56.0
53.9
57.0
57.4
50.7
55.4
56.8
30.1
54.1
50.4
52.8
55.0
54.6
57.0
54.7
56.4
57.8
55.2
56.0
57.1
55.5
59.7
51.4
57.2
57.0
43.6
55.1
57.6
53.5
59.3
57.9
54.1
51.9
56.3
54.1
25.5
52.4
47.4
56.4
55.8
55.1
55.6
56.0
55.6
56.9
48.8
53.6
55.7
54.2
56.4
59.5
52.3
57.6
57.0
56.2
56.4
55.3
54.2
56.8
55.9
54.5
55.5
55.8
16.4
53.4
54.4
56.9
49.5
55.6
53.8
56.4
55.4
55.7
55.4
53.8
56.2
56.0
49.8
57.4
55.4
54.9
53.0
56.4
55.6
53.4
56.6
51.4
56.8
55.0
57.9
53.3
20.8
54.8
54.5
55.5
52.5
54.1
55.8
55.5
57.8
55.6
57.9
55.2
52.9
56.6
59.4
56.2
41.4
57.6
53.0
56.3
54.0
59.6
56.5
55.3
56.4
56.4
56.2
52.3
27.6
54.8
55.8
56.0
51.0
54.3
56.1
56.2
57.2
53.9
55.8
55.6
52.6
54.6
55.4
56.6
56.8
52.6
55.8
52.3
53.4
54.3
55.5
54.8
57.9
56.2
56.0
56.1
22.4
50.6
59.2
52.6
51.9
52.9
56.8
55.9
57.0
57.0
56.1
57.0
53.1
56.0
59.8
53.6
56.9
58.1
52.0
58.4
52.2
54.3
55.7
51.4
57.6
58.4
55.0
54.7
25.3
50.3
54.5
54.6
54.4
57.5
55.3
55.6
57.8
56.8
57.2
57.5
58.7
55.9
52.1
57.5
54.3
57.4
56.6
56.9
51.7
56.5
56.5
56.0
58.2
53.5
56.6
54.7
25.7
54.3
56.2
52.7
57.7
53.9
57.7
55.5
59.0
57.6
57.8
54.1
57.0
57.3
56.4
57.7
54.5
48.8
50.1
54.5
57.5
56.5
54.0
53.6
55.9
55.1
57.3
57.3
21.3
53.7
55.7
57.1
59.0
54.2
56.6
57.8
52.7
55.9
58.1
57.1
59.2
54.3
54.3
54.8
53.5
55.8
56.4
57.0
56.8
57.2
51.8
55.2
58.9
57.4
57.8
60.6
24.9
55.8
50.9
58.7
57.6
56.4
56.3
58.5
52.7
57.9
57.9
55.9
58.8
56.3
59.3
57.0
51.7
55.6
56.7
58.5
55.7
55.0
54.8
54.6
55.5
51.2
54.7
56.2
20.7
55.9
53.8
59.2
56.8
55.1
55.5
56.3
57.5
55.0
54.8
51.5
56.8
57.3
56.2
54.9
54.2
56.1
56.3
53.8
59.7
53.4
56.9
57.4
60.6
56.8
55.5
52.1
24.6
57.2
56.1
57.2
55.0
55.6
57.8
54.9
57.5
58.1
55.8
54.3
55.4
51.9
54.7
54.1
51.3
54.7
51.4
59.1
58.5
58.8
59.6
57.4
59.3
55.5
57.4
54.5
14.0
53.6
54.5
55.0
55.7
57.9
55.1
52.7
57.4
57.5
58.9
56.8
54.5
54.1
57.2
57.4
61.2
56.0
50.6
57.7
57.5
56.1
56.4
56.6
58.2
54.2
59.5
57.4
20.3
48.7
56.2
57.4
56.5
57.3
53.9
55.5
58.8
52.4
57.7
58.3
59.1
55.1
50.5
54.6
55.6
59.1
51.2
54.8
57.8
60.1
58.8
51.4
54.3
54.5
54.8
57.4
16.9
55.5
53.9
54.6
56.8
54.1
57.1
56.3
57.9
61.9
55.1
57.9
58.1
56.7
58.3
58.2
55.8
58.7
55.8
56.3
55.7
51.4
56.2
57.0
56.8
54.7
57.1
57.2
23.4
57.4
57.4
57.1
57.0
56.2
56.5
54.8
57.3
55.9
57.5
55.9
56.9
55.3
57.2
52.3
56.9
56.3
56.2
58.8
55.7
57.9
53.4
57.4
55.8
58.4
58.3
58.1
23.5
57.8
57.8
53.7
59.1
55.1
55.9
58.6
58.5
56.9
57.7
57.9
55.4
55.0
58.2
59.2
51.5
56.0
54.7
59.0
59.9
57.5
58.0
57.1
59.0
56.0
57.0
57.5
22.5
57.4
58.0
55.3
56.0
53.3
55.3
56.9
57.9
55.1
58.1
51.3
57.8
56.8
55.1
55.7
56.7
55.3
56.8
56.3
59.2
58.5
57.6
56.0
53.9
59.2
56.8
55.9
26.3
56.6
52.0
55.7
55.3
54.7
54.5
54.6
55.0
55.7
53.4
58.4
55.3
56.9
57.0
57.7
56.4
54.6
56.0
58.6
56.0
56.6
58.0
59.4
57.1
57.6
54.2
57.4
30.9
57.5
55.4
55.5
55.9
56.5
56.8
57.5
56.3
57.6
59.0
53.2
59.9
56.4
57.0
58.3
56.5
55.2
58.2
59.9
57.8
56.6
60.1
52.2
57.9
57.9
56.3
57.9
30.2
56.4
60.6
58.6
54.3
55.9
54.8
56.2
58.2
59.6
59.2
56.6
58.5
56.7
46.8
52.7
50.5
56.1
59.0
58.9
58.5
57.0
54.9
55.7
59.7
59.4
56.7
57.3
31.1
57.2
54.2
57.1
57.5
56.1
54.9
57.2
55.0
58.0
60.1
59.0
56.0
55.4
55.7
58.7
56.6
52.9
57.7
53.1
58.1
57.8
57.3
58.6
56.8
58.7
56.8
58.1
32.3
51.2
55.1
57.0
57.6
57.6
58.2
52.7
56.5
58.5
60.3
61.0
58.0
57.0
54.9
58.7
56.8
57.7
58.4
56.7
59.0
58.3
57.9
60.2
58.9
58.3
57.2
57.6
36.6
57.0
53.7
56.5
59.1
53.5
57.1
59.4
59.6
57.1
60.5
57.6
54.7
58.8
57.5
59.1
57.2
56.9
57.0
58.5
57.1
57.8
57.6
54.6
57.1
58.7
56.3
58.0
33.2
58.5
55.5
58.9
57.3
55.9
57.5
59.9
59.5
50.3
58.9
59.1
59.1
58.4
59.5
57.0
56.1
56.4
56.9
60.8
58.6
55.9
59.3
58.6
56.6
57.2
57.3
56.2
19.5
55.5
55.0
57.9
56.2
55.2
57.0
55.4
59.6
58.0
58.3
59.6
57.6
57.5
57.2
59.4
58.0
55.8
58.5
58.0
58.9
57.7
57.1
56.5
56.0
57.6
56.7
57.0
30.5
56.8
55.1
55.6
58.2
55.8
55.5
57.4
58.7
59.2
59.4
59.5
59.2
58.9
57.4
57.5
56.4
58.2
56.9
58.5
58.8
56.3
57.2
49.8
59.6
57.8
58.8
56.0
33.7
56.0
51.7
57.7
58.1
56.7
56.1
56.9
58.4
58.5
60.7
57.4
56.0
55.4
59.9
53.0
57.1
54.6
56.9
58.7
58.1
57.0
58.1
58.6
58.6
57.9
58.7
57.6
31.2
52.2
55.6
56.4
58.5
56.5
55.8
55.8
59.6
55.6
59.3
59.8
55.4
58.1
58.2
58.1
58.4
55.8
56.0
58.0
58.5
57.1
57.1
49.5
57.7
58.3
57.0
58.6
31.1
57.3
54.2
55.4
58.8
55.4
53.9
55.8
60.2
56.4
57.6
59.0
56.4
58.8
56.5
58.0
53.5
52.8
57.5
59.9
58.4
59.6
57.3
54.1
57.6
56.0
57.2
56.6
32.1
57.5
56.0
55.8
57.9
54.9
56.4
58.8
57.6
57.7
58.8
58.3
56.3
58.3
57.4
57.8
57.2
55.8
58.2
58.4
57.7
57.4
55.5
57.5
58.3
57.8
56.3
57.0
28.8
57.5
57.4
56.8
57.2
54.3
55.7
58.1
56.1
59.8
56.3
57.1
55.1
55.5
56.5
58.9
58.0
56.8
57.0
57.7
58.3
57.4
57.2
56.6
59.2
58.8
56.8
56.9
27.7
54.7
57.6
57.2
56.9
53.6
56.1
55.2
58.8
61.5
57.5
57.2
57.1
57.3
57.9
59.1
60.0
57.0
56.5
57.6
56.7
56.2
57.3
59.6
57.9
58.3
56.0
58.4
28.1
52.1
53.7
57.1
57.7
54.4
55.3
54.7
57.6
53.0
58.3
56.5
54.2
57.4
59.1
59.1
57.3
55.5
56.2
57.9
57.9
56.8
59.5
54.6
56.4
56.8
55.1
57.0
28.7
55.4
56.4
56.2
58.1
54.1
55.7
54.0
59.6
60.0
58.6
56.4
55.9
56.7
58.2
57.1
60.4
56.7
55.4
57.2
58.2
55.7
57.4
57.2
56.0
55.0
55.6
57.6
29.5
57.5
53.9
51.6
55.6
52.7
55.1
56.0
60.5
56.4
57.3
54.9
55.5
56.9
55.3
59.2
59.6
56.7
56.9
57.3
56.4
56.1
57.0
57.7
57.2
56.8
55.4
55.3
29.6
55.5
56.6
55.6
55.4
53.9
55.4
57.4
59.3
57.8
59.3
55.7
54.6
54.0
55.0
56.8
57.8
54.6
54.4
56.7
55.4
54.9
58.5
58.2
56.1
56.7
55.4
56.1
32.0
55.2
55.5
55.5
55.7
51.4
54.4
55.8
59.8
52.5
57.1
56.1
54.2
54.5
56.9
55.2
59.1
52.8
53.6
56.9
55.4
55.4
58.0
57.1
55.9
56.2
55.5
54.9
31.8
57.2
54.4
54.5
53.7
51.6
54.6
55.6
59.5
56.4
55.8
56.2
51.5
55.0
56.7
61.0
58.9
51.9
53.3
55.2
55.3
52.6
58.0
58.7
54.7
53.6
53.0
53.7
32.0
56.5
58.2
53.5
54.1
50.3
52.4
52.7
59.3
59.0
53.7
54.4
50.3
52.9
56.7
59.4
60.1
51.7
51.9
54.6
54.3
53.6
55.2
59.1
53.9
52.8
53.3
51.7
30.9
58.0
58.1
52.8
52.5
49.6
50.5
52.7
60.8
56.2
53.6
53.7
50.7
51.6
52.5
58.4
58.4
49.0
49.9
52.1
53.3
53.2
57.8
56.2
50.2
53.1
51.3
48.0
28.7
56.3
57.8
51.1
51.1
44.2
44.5
51.6
58.8
58.3
53.0
53.3
49.4
46.9
52.4
58.4
56.5
49.4
44.1
49.7
52.8
52.8
57.8
58.1
50.5
52.5
44.6
49.4
27.7
54.5
57.4
51.3
50.8
41.2
41.4
51.5
57.3
60.3
51.6
52.1
45.4
47.8
50.0
58.2
58.7
47.5
35.8
51.6
50.9
53.1
58.5
57.3
43.2
52.6
40.1
49.9
28.6
56.9
56.8
49.2
49.4
37.8
38.0
48.2
56.0
60.3
47.3
50.6
39.6
47.4
51.4
54.5
55.9
46.1
33.5
49.2
50.2
51.5
55.0
56.4
44.0
52.1
38.0
47.7
26.4
57.2
55.8
45.8
44.1
36.3
35.5
47.1
59.1
59.6
46.4
46.1
35.0
38.5
47.2
57.9
57.7
44.9
30.3
46.3
43.0
47.7
59.5
60.0
36.2
45.8
36.1
43.9
26.9
55.9
58.5
43.9
40.4
35.4
32.5
45.6
60.7
56.7
45.4
41.1
33.0
36.7
47.2
59.0
58.4
39.4
31.0
41.6
38.4
44.3
58.0
60.4
36.8
40.0
31.7
42.4
26.1
57.3
58.0
41.3
35.9
31.5
31.5
43.0
59.8
59.3
43.1
40.9
29.8
36.9
45.3
58.0
59.8
38.3
30.3
35.2
37.2
40.3
58.4
58.7
33.7
34.0
31.8
38.0
27.2
57.0
57.7
41.0
36.2
29.5
30.1
39.7
59.0
59.6
46.0
40.1
28.1
33.5
47.9
58.0
58.5
36.2
28.5
29.8
36.3
44.4
57.4
58.9
33.1
34.2
37.2
35.3
29.4
54.1
56.2
40.2
38.1
29.0
27.8
42.8
60.6
55.0
46.1
31.7
28.0
28.7
50.6
56.2
59.6
39.9
27.8
34.4
37.3
45.2
58.2
56.9
32.5
34.1
30.6
32.1
32.5
56.4
55.0
36.2
31.9
25.9
27.7
43.4
57.9
57.7
45.7
36.5
26.1
22.9
51.8
59.6
60.9
39.2
22.1
33.5
33.1
42.1
58.9
57.7
29.9
30.6
28.7
30.8
31.8
58.7
55.3
33.0
30.4
25.5
27.7
41.9
60.4
54.9
42.1
37.8
25.6
25.5
44.5
57.6
57.7
36.2
23.3
31.7
32.8
35.7
58.2
57.7
31.5
28.5
29.1
28.6
33.6
57.7
55.0
27.0
28.6
25.1
27.4
41.2
61.0
60.4
42.6
40.4
25.2
22.2
40.5
59.2
58.0
37.5
21.1
28.6
29.4
28.1
57.8
57.7
28.2
25.5
27.5
29.6
32.8
57.5
56.2
27.5
29.1
24.4
24.7
33.4
59.5
59.9
37.1
34.4
23.8
22.5
37.7
57.2
57.1
33.2
22.4
25.3
28.6
27.8
59.0
56.3
27.1
27.3
27.2
27.8
30.8
58.3
55.7
26.3
28.1
22.0
24.8
27.4
59.7
61.7
32.4
32.9
21.8
23.8
35.1
60.5
61.1
32.0
21.2
22.2
26.5
27.1
58.1
60.2
26.7
25.6
24.7
27.8
32.7
57.7
56.5
28.3
29.6
22.4
22.1
27.1
55.8
60.4
28.0
30.7
21.3
20.1
35.3
58.9
58.6
30.1
19.9
18.0
27.6
27.0
57.8
56.8
25.3
25.4
25.1
26.3
28.4
58.3
57.2
26.5
28.8
21.7
21.9
27.6
59.1
56.7
27.2
30.2
21.9
15.9
35.4
57.6
61.4
31.8
17.4
17.4
26.5
25.4
58.2
58.9
24.1
23.0
24.6
24.2
30.1
57.9
56.8
27.0
28.7
22.0
23.3
24.9
59.2
56.1
27.1
29.9
18.0
18.5
27.9
58.4
59.6
34.3
17.8
15.7
24.4
23.4
58.3
59.3
27.8
22.6
24.3
22.4
31.2
56.2
54.3
24.7
25.5
17.2
18.3
23.6
58.6
57.4
24.1
25.6
16.1
17.3
28.4
58.1
60.5
30.9
18.1
17.7
24.9
24.0
56.9
55.9
22.6
22.3
26.3
22.9
34.6
56.0
55.8
24.5
25.5
16.8
23.4
24.8
58.4
58.8
25.0
26.5
17.7
17.7
31.9
57.9
59.9
38.1
12.6
16.9
28.0
26.5
58.1
57.3
24.3
21.3
23.2
22.7
34.5
57.1
55.2
22.3
25.4
16.1
25.9
23.6
57.2
57.0
22.8
24.5
15.5
18.8
31.4
55.1
58.5
42.4
16.7
16.2
24.9
29.6
59.8
50.2
25.2
24.1
26.4
24.8
34.9
57.8
54.3
23.2
23.1
17.1
25.3
27.3
57.6
60.3
25.1
25.8
12.9
18.4
31.6
60.1
59.4
44.9
18.4
11.7
27.1
26.4
58.1
57.7
27.8
21.4
26.8
22.6
34.6
57.0
53.7
23.8
26.0
14.9
16.4
25.5
59.4
61.1
24.7
28.6
16.5
19.7
30.0
59.8
60.4
51.6
15.1
19.1
27.7
27.1
59.3
56.9
26.8
22.7
24.4
24.5
36.1
57.3
48.1
22.4
26.4
12.9
20.6
26.0
58.8
60.1
23.3
27.0
15.1
18.4
28.1
58.8
59.8
53.4
15.7
17.1
25.9
26.7
57.2
57.3
28.3
23.3
27.9
26.2
35.1
56.8
53.9
22.1
25.6
16.5
17.1
24.6
60.0
59.1
23.3
28.1
16.0
19.2
31.6
56.6
59.2
53.9
19.2
19.8
26.5
27.6
57.0
58.8
26.0
22.8
26.1
27.6
33.3
56.5
47.9
20.2
27.4
15.8
16.0
23.6
58.3
58.3
23.8
25.6
16.4
15.6
35.8
56.6
56.4
53.0
16.6
19.3
25.6
26.1
59.2
58.6
26.2
20.7
27.6
26.2
32.1
56.9
50.1
19.8
26.4
15.4
17.7
26.3
59.5
57.1
20.8
28.8
14.2
17.7
36.1
57.9
58.7
54.2
18.5
15.9
26.9
25.3
59.0
59.2
27.6
19.4
27.0
27.0
30.1
58.2
51.8
22.5
25.3
15.4
12.5
25.3
58.4
57.2
22.1
28.1
14.4
16.8
38.4
58.5
60.4
53.7
17.6
17.8
27.7
27.5
58.4
58.2
26.2
24.8
25.7
24.4
27.8
57.9
49.9
19.0
25.1
15.2
18.6
26.0
58.9
57.2
22.2
28.8
16.4
19.3
41.9
58.8
57.9
53.5
17.0
19.3
26.6
29.5
57.8
57.5
26.0
25.9
26.9
26.3
27.6
57.0
46.7
20.6
28.2
18.2
19.2
27.4
53.8
58.7
19.5
28.8
13.1
16.3
45.5
57.9
59.6
52.6
11.4
21.1
27.6
27.3
57.2
55.4
25.8
27.1
29.9
27.6
29.4
57.3
46.9
19.7
28.8
15.6
18.5
24.9
58.7
58.6
23.0
29.5
12.0
20.6
44.7
56.1
58.4
53.2
17.9
14.3
32.9
31.8
58.4
56.8
26.9
22.4
29.3
32.2
29.1
56.7
53.0
20.1
29.8
15.9
18.5
23.8
57.8
59.2
26.6
39.4
17.9
19.2
49.6
57.1
59.4
53.6
18.0
17.7
26.7
35.2
59.2
53.1
28.0
24.3
34.6
34.8
32.1
58.0
54.1
22.8
28.0
14.2
16.3
24.0
58.5
59.9
26.5
40.5
16.6
19.1
54.0
57.2
59.4
54.9
17.5
15.6
28.0
36.5
55.8
57.5
31.0
24.6
37.6
32.9
34.0
57.8
55.9
22.1
30.4
13.0
18.6
28.9
59.0
58.7
25.4
38.6
15.6
15.0
52.4
57.6
57.2
52.6
18.4
21.7
34.7
42.6
58.3
56.1
29.6
20.6
39.2
42.9
35.1
57.9
55.0
22.4
32.7
17.5
22.3
30.0
59.3
58.6
22.7
38.9
18.7
17.3
53.1
56.0
59.1
54.1
21.0
21.3
36.0
44.4
58.4
55.3
34.4
24.8
44.5
42.1
36.2
56.9
55.7
23.3
35.0
17.3
20.5
30.7
58.5
58.6
28.9
40.5
13.3
17.1
54.1
57.3
58.5
52.8
18.6
19.9
38.3
46.4
57.5
54.3
33.3
21.4
47.9
50.1
37.2
56.3
54.0
21.7
37.6
18.5
21.5
35.8
59.1
60.0
28.6
39.0
17.6
18.4
53.7
54.7
57.8
52.4
20.8
20.7
36.0
44.8
57.9
56.1
39.4
24.8
48.8
49.9
38.1
55.9
56.1
23.5
36.9
17.1
21.5
35.1
58.3
59.5
30.4
38.1
18.6
20.5
55.2
56.5
58.7
51.3
21.3
24.7
35.7
46.7
57.7
55.9
44.2
28.9
53.4
52.7
39.0
56.6
56.4
23.3
39.3
21.8
17.9
38.4
57.6
59.4
31.3
41.7
21.1
20.9
54.2
56.5
60.2
51.1
22.6
34.1
38.7
53.6
56.1
55.5
46.0
29.3
55.7
52.6
39.9
56.9
55.8
22.2
40.6
21.6
20.4
37.3
57.7
59.2
36.2
45.0
22.9
22.7
54.1
56.2
58.6
51.8
23.4
29.7
40.2
53.8
57.2
55.4
51.9
35.3
53.5
53.2
40.7
55.1
54.9
22.7
41.0
23.9
22.5
41.8
58.0
58.9
36.7
47.9
22.3
24.7
54.5
57.3
57.5
50.1
22.3
30.7
44.1
55.0
58.1
57.1
53.5
37.4
53.2
53.7
41.5
55.9
54.9
23.6
39.1
21.9
20.1
37.8
58.4
58.7
40.2
50.0
21.9
27.6
53.5
55.2
57.0
50.7
22.4
33.1
47.6
53.2
57.0
57.0
53.9
45.5
53.8
53.5
42.2
54.6
55.0
25.6
37.3
23.3
19.0
40.9
55.9
58.7
42.9
48.1
20.1
23.7
52.9
53.4
58.2
51.2
29.4
34.7
40.1
54.6
56.6
57.4
53.6
46.1
55.7
53.5
43.0
55.8
55.0
27.0
39.0
25.1
20.5
45.0
55.6
58.5
46.5
53.7
25.2
24.1
53.9
53.3
57.7
52.0
26.2
40.6
40.7
55.7
57.0
56.9
53.4
45.8
54.8
55.3
44.8
57.3
55.8
28.3
38.1
23.1
21.8
50.3
57.2
58.3
47.8
54.9
27.3
27.3
54.9
55.2
58.4
51.5
32.4
44.3
49.1
55.2
57.1
58.3
52.7
49.6
55.1
54.1
43.0
57.6
55.2
27.9
41.1
27.5
22.9
51.6
57.4
58.3
55.1
56.4
27.0
26.7
52.8
56.0
59.3
50.1
29.0
46.1
48.8
54.6
56.7
58.8
51.5
51.5
56.0
55.2
43.8
55.1
55.6
36.2
41.7
28.8
23.2
54.3
58.5
56.8
55.4
54.1
24.8
31.8
52.6
57.4
57.0
51.0
31.0
48.0
50.0
55.7
57.7
60.3
51.8
49.4
54.0
55.5
43.8
57.0
52.5
39.4
46.7
29.0
25.7
55.1
57.6
59.5
55.2
53.6
31.2
35.8
54.8
57.5
56.8
52.9
31.7
55.3
48.5
53.9
58.5
59.0
52.6
50.2
53.4
53.6
46.8
57.3
56.2
45.7
51.0
28.9
23.9
54.0
57.8
60.2
55.5
55.3
39.5
38.3
53.9
57.6
56.4
51.4
41.7
56.1
52.0
54.6
57.5
55.1
53.3
53.2
56.2
55.5
45.6
56.8
55.7
49.3
51.8
28.8
25.6
52.1
54.1
59.2
55.1
54.7
45.0
35.4
55.0
56.9
57.1
52.2
35.6
55.2
50.4
54.6
56.7
57.5
53.2
44.2
54.8
55.4
47.6
57.3
55.3
52.4
52.5
27.3
27.5
54.2
56.9
57.0
55.0
55.7
45.5
31.6
56.3
56.3
57.6
52.3
43.0
55.6
44.1
54.5
57.8
58.6
53.7
55.0
54.8
54.9
48.1
57.1
55.5
53.2
52.1
28.6
29.3
54.9
58.4
56.9
54.9
55.4
50.2
38.3
55.5
57.0
58.5
51.8
45.8
55.4
51.3
54.1
56.0
57.5
52.1
56.9
53.9
55.1
49.7
57.2
55.5
54.6
52.2
31.3
29.6
54.1
58.2
57.4
54.4
55.3
48.8
39.8
54.9
55.6
57.2
51.9
48.2
54.3
54.1
54.1
56.0
58.3
53.5
55.6
53.3
54.5
49.9
56.6
55.6
52.8
52.7
27.6
32.1
53.8
57.9
55.3
55.5
55.4
44.8
39.8
54.0
56.2
56.8
53.2
49.1
55.5
52.8
54.0
54.3
57.3
53.4
53.0
53.7
54.8
49.1
56.0
54.9
50.1
53.6
29.8
32.3
55.3
57.4
55.9
55.5
55.1
48.9
38.3
56.6
57.0
57.1
52.1
49.2
56.9
52.7
54.1
51.1
55.4
53.3
54.9
53.5
55.4
48.3
56.9
55.1
54.8
52.3
30.2
32.5
53.9
56.7
58.9
56.6
53.8
47.9
38.9
54.0
56.1
58.9
54.9
48.3
55.5
52.0
52.1
51.7
58.5
54.0
54.9
53.8
55.4
51.2
55.5
55.2
54.6
52.7
30.5
35.6
54.0
58.2
57.7
54.3
54.4
51.4
41.3
54.3
55.2
59.4
55.0
47.6
56.3
53.5
54.4
46.7
58.6
53.3
55.1
53.9
54.2
50.1
56.2
56.0
54.5
51.7
33.8
43.3
55.2
57.5
57.2
55.7
56.8
51.7
43.3
55.1
56.7
58.3
54.2
50.0
57.9
55.3
55.8
40.9
58.9
55.3
53.9
54.4
53.4
49.7
57.2
54.8
55.1
52.2
40.3
45.4
55.4
56.5
58.0
52.9
56.3
51.3
45.1
54.9
56.0
57.9
54.3
48.0
55.1
54.8
54.3
44.9
57.6
54.9
52.1
54.6
54.8
49.6
57.9
54.8
54.2
52.4
40.0
49.1
53.3
58.3
56.9
54.6
56.5
50.2
42.0
55.4
57.1
59.5
54.5
50.8
54.9
54.4
55.5
49.3
58.4
54.9
55.3
55.0
55.1
49.5
56.1
53.3
55.0
53.4
42.5
52.4
54.8
58.1
57.6
53.0
55.0
51.7
43.9
54.9
57.0
58.8
52.8
51.1
54.8
54.2
55.2
42.2
57.8
55.2
55.6
54.1
54.3
50.0
55.9
54.4
56.0
52.7
43.6
54.2
53.9
57.5
57.0
54.6
53.8
50.2
45.0
53.2
56.8
58.1
54.8
52.5
55.3
53.4
54.2
41.7
58.8
54.2
54.5
54.5
53.8
49.5
56.6
56.2
54.7
54.4
42.8
54.8
55.0
58.9
58.4
55.7
56.1
50.0
44.1
55.6
57.2
58.7
54.2
52.9
54.2
53.8
53.1
46.6
59.2
53.5
55.5
54.3
53.8
49.1
57.0
55.3
55.5
53.1
43.2
53.7
53.8
56.6
57.9
55.7
56.0
51.2
42.7
55.3
58.1
58.8
54.2
52.4
55.5
54.5
54.1
44.1
57.5
53.7
52.8
54.6
55.3
48.8
56.8
53.8
55.7
53.6
42.5
52.8
55.8
53.4
56.7
53.3
54.8
48.4
41.2
55.9
56.6
57.2
55.2
53.5
57.0
55.0
54.4
41.4
58.5
54.2
55.4
54.6
54.2
50.1
56.9
54.3
54.0
53.6
44.2
53.6
51.2
56.1
56.6
53.7
55.8
49.4
41.6
53.2
56.3
57.4
54.2
51.6
56.0
54.7
54.6
44.7
56.3
55.8
56.7
53.9
54.5
49.5
55.5
54.6
54.1
54.7
42.4
52.9
51.9
55.3
57.1
54.8
55.4
50.4
41.0
53.1
54.7
57.9
54.3
53.2
55.5
54.0
53.6
44.1
57.0
55.3
56.0
55.6
54.0
49.9
56.5
54.1
53.5
54.0
44.8
51.9
46.4
56.6
57.3
54.3
54.9
51.3
38.9
54.2
56.2
57.9
54.2
53.3
54.6
53.9
55.0
44.3
58.3
55.3
56.7
55.5
54.9
50.6
56.9
54.6
55.6
54.3
47.4
53.0
50.4
57.3
58.2
55.6
54.7
51.4
40.6
54.8
55.1
59.4
55.2
51.7
55.9
54.9
53.3
45.4
57.8
55.2
55.2
54.5
55.3
49.2
56.0
55.0
54.5
54.0
52.2
54.0
50.5
57.1
56.6
55.6
54.7
52.0
40.9
53.3
56.6
58.0
54.3
52.5
57.5
53.6
53.5
44.8
56.9
56.1
55.8
54.5
54.7
50.9
55.8
53.1
54.5
54.4
51.7
54.6
50.7
57.0
56.5
56.2
56.5
52.5
39.3
54.6
56.9
58.9
55.1
51.6
55.8
55.4
53.9
54.6
56.8
56.3
55.4
55.6
54.6
51.1
57.0
54.0
53.9
53.1
52.2
54.8
52.9
56.9
57.4
55.3
57.1
51.5
41.6
51.8
56.6
58.5
54.6
50.4
57.0
54.6
52.4
57.3
56.5
55.0
55.2
55.7
54.4
51.6
57.4
54.6
55.2
52.8
53.1
55.0
53.8
47.3
58.2
56.1
57.3
49.8
41.0
50.7
57.5
56.8
54.3
48.9
55.5
55.0
52.3
53.0
57.9
55.8
54.5
54.2
55.6
50.6
56.5
54.0
56.0
53.3
52.1
51.8
55.4
49.9
57.1
55.7
55.2
50.1
42.6
44.3
57.6
57.3
56.0
45.2
56.4
55.7
53.2
45.7
57.1
55.8
56.4
54.0
55.0
50.1
57.2
53.5
55.2
54.2
51.4
54.4
54.4
46.5
57.8
56.0
55.4
51.5
42.8
47.9
55.1
57.8
57.1
38.0
56.1
55.3
47.7
43.0
58.4
55.9
54.7
53.2
53.7
50.2
53.1
55.4
55.6
54.9
50.5
53.9
54.7
45.2
56.9
54.3
54.7
51.6
40.6
42.8
54.7
58.2
54.8
37.3
55.2
55.5
43.8
39.1
57.5
56.0
53.8
53.8
55.0
50.5
54.5
53.7
56.2
53.3
50.2
52.7
55.5
43.1
57.2
52.8
55.4
52.3
38.1
43.1
55.4
56.9
56.0
39.3
56.5
55.6
44.3
40.3
58.5
56.2
54.9
54.6
55.0
50.8
56.5
53.0
56.5
53.7
51.1
53.5
56.7
45.8
57.1
54.0
56.1
50.6
43.7
44.3
55.9
56.2
54.5
44.4
54.5
56.0
42.2
41.2
57.4
55.0
56.1
53.4
54.4
51.7
55.8
54.7
55.9
54.6
50.5
52.7
57.5
51.7
57.5
55.6
57.7
52.1
41.9
47.2
52.9
57.7
50.1
51.3
56.3
56.1
42.3
39.7
56.2
53.7
55.8
54.9
54.6
51.2
55.4
55.6
55.6
53.4
51.4
53.7
55.8
50.3
57.4
55.5
56.9
52.1
42.9
53.6
56.3
57.3
54.9
52.9
55.5
55.2
44.6
43.2
58.3
54.4
56.3
54.6
53.0
50.5
55.9
55.2
56.9
53.3
50.2
50.3
57.1
50.1
56.9
55.5
55.6
53.4
46.1
53.8
57.0
56.2
54.3
54.3
56.1
56.1
47.5
41.9
57.4
54.6
56.4
55.3
53.3
49.9
52.8
54.0
56.2
53.2
50.8
43.8
55.7
50.6
57.4
55.7
56.7
52.4
49.2
56.4
57.3
56.3
55.9
54.0
56.2
55.6
50.2
41.8
57.9
54.9
55.7
55.7
53.2
49.7
55.5
54.2
55.7
53.5
52.6
42.6
55.0
56.4
56.5
53.2
56.1
53.1
49.5
56.0
58.4
56.2
53.3
53.4
54.7
54.8
54.3
43.4
57.8
54.4
55.9
55.1
53.0
51.4
55.5
54.4
55.3
53.3
50.5
38.5
53.6
56.1
56.2
54.6
56.2
51.1
48.9
56.5
58.1
55.8
54.2
52.3
55.4
54.3
54.8
43.6
57.8
56.6
55.4
54.8
52.8
52.4
55.3
53.7
54.8
54.3
49.7
42.4
51.7
56.1
56.6
54.9
57.1
53.1
48.8
55.3
56.3
55.3
56.2
53.4
53.8
54.5
54.4
49.7
57.9
54.6
55.9
53.7
53.5
51.6
55.6
53.9
56.2
54.5
49.9
43.1
55.9
55.2
55.4
55.6
57.1
50.3
48.3
56.5
58.1
57.3
56.1
53.8
54.5
55.0
53.9
52.5
57.9
56.2
55.7
55.0
54.2
51.6
55.3
53.8
56.7
54.5
51.0
41.9
54.6
56.0
56.6
57.2
56.0
52.5
47.3
54.2
56.4
57.8
55.4
52.2
56.3
54.2
53.7
47.4
57.8
55.5
54.7
54.5
53.9
50.8
54.0
53.3
55.4
52.4
51.6
41.6
54.1
54.4
55.7
54.8
55.9
51.8
51.3
56.7
57.7
57.1
55.7
51.9
56.4
55.6
55.5
48.2
58.5
55.7
52.7
55.2
55.4
52.4
55.0
52.7
56.5
51.4
50.3
43.9
54.8
55.1
56.7
56.1
55.1
51.7
44.2
55.1
57.4
56.7
57.3
52.4
55.0
56.9
54.7
49.8
58.3
56.4
53.8
55.0
55.5
51.6
54.4
54.0
56.4
50.0
49.8
45.8
54.1
56.4
55.0
54.3
56.8
49.9
44.2
56.5
56.9
56.7
57.1
52.3
57.4
55.1
53.7
45.4
57.4
54.6
54.4
54.2
54.6
50.7
53.8
54.7
55.0
50.0
51.7
44.3
53.2
55.3
57.3
54.7
55.9
48.2
41.2
55.2
56.6
55.9
56.1
55.3
56.3
54.7
53.0
49.5
58.7
55.4
55.3
55.1
54.6
50.8
54.8
53.5
57.3
50.7
50.9
50.2
52.3
55.3
57.5
56.1
56.1
49.9
44.0
47.7
54.0
57.5
56.5
53.3
55.2
55.9
54.6
52.7
57.6
57.7
55.3
55.4
56.4
51.2
56.0
56.2
57.1
50.9
50.1
54.0
56.1
57.3
56.0
53.7
57.1
51.4
42.3
43.8
58.0
56.2
54.3
53.4
56.2
56.4
54.3
54.6
57.7
56.6
55.7
54.5
54.6
51.9
55.8
55.2
56.4
51.7
50.5
55.3
57.2
57.5
55.9
55.1
55.8
52.3
50.8
46.1
57.8
56.7
56.1
53.4
55.4
55.7
53.7
55.8
57.4
57.6
56.3
56.5
54.2
49.0
55.4
55.2
54.9
52.5
50.9
55.6
56.4
56.7
57.9
55.8
55.6
52.8
50.5
45.3
58.5
55.6
55.5
53.3
57.4
54.8
54.5
56.5
57.1
55.3
56.0
54.9
55.1
49.6
56.3
56.1
53.9
51.0
51.0
56.1
55.7
58.1
57.0
55.4
54.8
53.1
49.5
45.3
57.9
56.0
55.0
54.4
55.6
56.8
53.6
57.9
57.0
56.4
56.5
54.1
55.2
50.9
56.8
55.4
53.5
50.5
50.1
53.5
54.9
58.5
56.8
55.9
56.8
52.6
46.9
45.0
58.4
55.0
55.3
53.1
53.7
56.0
54.2
57.8
57.7
55.4
57.4
54.1
54.9
51.8
54.6
54.9
53.7
52.8
51.6
54.8
54.5
56.7
56.6
55.8
56.4
52.1
49.8
42.2
56.5
55.0
55.6
53.6
56.5
54.8
45.6
56.3
56.3
57.1
55.8
53.3
54.5
51.6
55.9
54.6
54.6
55.8
51.8
52.8
55.3
56.9
57.9
54.9
56.2
48.9
45.4
36.5
57.6
56.2
55.3
53.4
56.4
51.3
40.4
56.9
57.8
56.0
54.4
55.5
54.5
50.7
58.0
54.7
55.2
54.7
51.6
54.7
54.6
55.9
57.4
55.6
55.3
51.6
47.3
39.7
58.5
55.8
57.0
54.8
53.4
47.5
43.9
57.1
54.8
55.6
55.4
53.7
55.5
50.4
57.5
53.4
55.1
54.5
52.1
55.1
56.0
57.8
56.0
56.3
55.3
52.9
47.2
36.3
57.0
54.4
55.6
54.1
54.9
49.3
39.4
57.5
57.1
57.9
54.1
54.2
56.1
49.4
56.0
54.2
55.3
52.9
51.1
54.2
53.8
57.7
56.8
56.4
55.8
52.7
36.2
34.2
56.5
54.6
56.9
56.3
56.3
44.0
33.2
56.5
58.1
56.9
53.9
55.3
57.7
51.4
56.4
54.4
55.2
53.2
49.5
55.4
46.6
56.3
57.1
55.4
55.5
53.1
40.0
31.2
55.3
53.7
56.5
54.8
56.1
49.2
29.8
55.2
57.7
58.1
48.8
55.7
56.7
52.5
56.1
53.8
57.6
54.2
51.0
54.9
51.5
58.4
55.8
58.5
55.5
50.6
32.4
31.2
53.1
54.6
56.7
55.0
55.9
52.3
34.6
57.4
57.0
54.1
55.2
53.3
57.0
53.4
55.2
54.6
57.6
54.1
51.2
55.7
53.4
57.6
57.7
57.2
54.5
48.8
38.3
36.0
52.2
56.9
57.8
56.7
55.2
52.8
34.3
56.7
55.6
57.2
56.3
55.0
56.6
54.5
54.6
53.1
56.3
54.0
51.7
56.5
52.4
56.7
57.4
56.4
58.0
48.9
35.7
34.0
52.2
54.6
56.1
55.1
54.1
50.2
33.0
54.9
55.6
57.3
55.6
54.6
54.2
54.0
53.2
54.0
56.6
53.0
51.0
56.1
56.7
56.0
56.8
53.0
57.5
52.2
37.0
35.4
52.6
53.6
55.6
55.3
52.8
47.7
34.5
57.8
56.5
57.9
55.9
53.1
56.0
52.4
54.9
53.9
56.6
50.1
49.9
55.7
52.5
57.5
57.4
55.1
56.7
46.1
35.4
35.6
53.4
54.6
56.1
56.4
50.1
45.7
32.3
57.9
54.9
56.3
55.5
53.5
55.5
53.9
52.9
55.5
56.0
46.6
49.5
56.8
40.7
54.9
57.0
55.8
55.7
38.4
34.0
33.5
55.3
56.0
55.1
55.2
48.6
46.0
31.5
57.8
54.3
56.6
55.5
54.4
54.1
53.9
55.6
53.7
55.5
42.5
40.1
56.3
42.8
57.8
55.9
55.7
58.2
41.0
32.5
35.8
55.7
55.6
52.1
55.8
47.1
45.8
31.9
56.2
54.5
56.6
56.3
54.9
55.5
54.5
57.0
54.8
56.0
47.0
40.4
54.2
32.2
57.6
59.1
57.6
57.8
30.3
28.7
32.5
55.0
55.5
53.4
53.6
40.3
44.7
29.3
58.8
55.8
56.1
57.7
54.5
53.5
53.1
56.7
54.8
56.5
39.9
31.9
57.0
37.7
56.3
58.5
56.8
57.9
27.4
30.9
29.5
56.1
55.9
44.9
55.3
39.2
41.5
26.1
57.3
55.1
55.7
55.1
54.3
41.2
52.9
55.8
55.0
55.3
42.4
34.7
55.6
35.3
57.0
58.5
55.5
56.7
27.0
30.0
26.4
54.3
55.2
39.4
55.8
37.7
38.7
25.8
57.7
53.1
55.5
55.4
54.7
44.5
53.9
53.9
55.1
54.0
44.7
29.0
47.7
32.8
58.1
58.6
57.0
56.6
30.3
28.9
27.3
56.9
52.2
48.9
54.2
37.0
35.0
25.9
58.2
52.3
57.5
57.0
54.5
46.0
54.4
54.4
57.2
54.4
41.0
32.1
41.7
27.6
56.3
57.2
57.3
56.2
26.3
24.9
28.7
54.8
53.9
46.6
45.9
34.3
36.3
26.4
57.1
51.4
57.4
57.7
56.5
39.0
52.0
53.7
55.7
53.2
37.4
29.2
47.3
29.7
54.7
57.9
56.2
55.2
26.7
24.4
30.4
55.8
55.6
50.7
43.8
35.7
39.2
26.6
53.5
50.4
57.0
56.4
56.2
44.2
54.2
56.3
55.4
50.0
33.6
27.9
52.7
30.0
57.5
58.3
55.9
55.1
25.9
21.4
28.1
55.2
56.7
43.0
43.2
38.7
39.7
28.8
58.3
50.6
57.4
57.0
56.6
43.5
54.2
54.6
56.1
47.4
41.0
27.1
54.2
30.5
58.2
58.7
57.5
54.9
27.5
24.7
28.2
53.2
56.4
48.3
44.8
39.3
36.4
27.2
59.2
53.0
56.5
57.1
56.1
44.9
54.5
54.2
56.2
45.4
44.8
22.9
57.1
26.8
55.8
57.2
56.6
55.9
33.7
22.2
31.2
56.1
56.2
54.6
49.8
38.7
42.4
28.5
58.9
50.0
58.9
57.4
54.5
43.4
53.8
55.5
54.1
49.4
43.5
22.4
49.1
25.3
56.1
59.3
55.9
55.9
29.9
23.1
30.3
56.0
55.6
55.0
53.7
38.8
43.0
30.8
58.0
53.7
57.5
55.4
50.3
39.5
52.5
54.2
55.2
54.4
41.4
21.1
41.0
17.9
57.2
57.2
56.0
56.2
32.9
24.3
26.9
55.7
56.3
51.1
51.8
37.6
45.2
22.2
57.1
54.6
57.7
56.2
48.2
33.6
53.6
55.6
55.6
55.8
39.7
18.6
40.0
19.8
56.4
56.8
53.4
54.3
31.4
24.0
28.1
56.6
56.4
48.4
51.0
37.5
45.2
24.6
58.0
54.6
56.0
55.4
38.2
23.8
52.8
56.2
55.0
55.0
36.1
19.0
30.1
20.0
55.8
59.4
51.6
48.4
33.8
21.0
23.1
56.0
56.6
50.9
54.0
38.8
44.5
27.7
56.3
55.6
57.9
55.0
39.2
30.6
50.9
54.4
54.7
53.4
33.8
19.5
31.1
21.3
57.2
58.2
40.1
46.3
37.6
19.4
22.0
55.5
55.7
54.2
54.5
37.6
31.4
23.6
57.7
54.6
57.6
52.5
37.6
27.8
50.2
55.1
55.1
52.5
34.7
23.0
33.3
21.0
57.8
57.7
39.2
39.3
33.6
19.5
22.7
55.2
56.0
50.4
52.9
36.5
34.6
20.7
57.0
54.7
56.6
48.8
38.0
27.8
51.2
55.3
54.3
52.9
34.0
23.9
32.3
19.6
58.1
55.9
43.7
35.4
32.5
20.9
26.6
55.2
57.0
47.8
51.8
37.2
25.8
24.3
57.2
55.3
57.8
45.2
38.2
27.4
49.5
56.1
55.9
54.4
30.0
21.2
27.5
22.0
57.7
56.8
38.4
30.5
27.8
17.5
26.4
54.9
55.5
44.5
49.4
40.0
26.9
22.1
58.2
55.3
56.3
45.8
41.7
26.9
49.2
56.0
53.6
53.8
27.0
23.4
25.9
17.4
55.9
58.1
33.4
30.8
30.0
15.7
24.5
55.9
57.7
42.7
47.3
37.1
22.5
21.1
57.2
55.5
58.3
45.5
41.7
25.6
51.8
54.8
51.0
54.4
28.0
22.3
25.4
21.6
56.2
57.4
35.2
33.8
27.5
16.7
23.3
56.1
57.3
48.1
44.7
30.2
25.7
21.6
56.7
57.1
56.7
41.4
37.9
24.7
50.3
53.2
52.9
55.0
32.0
24.1
27.2
23.3
56.6
56.4
31.1
29.1
25.8
15.8
25.3
56.5
57.1
43.2
45.6
31.3
26.5
22.7
57.3
55.9
52.8
45.0
35.5
23.2
48.3
53.0
52.3
53.8
29.9
21.4
24.5
23.7
55.8
57.2
27.5
30.1
25.4
14.0
24.0
56.5
55.5
44.6
39.2
29.1
26.6
24.0
55.5
56.0
43.4
42.5
36.2
19.8
42.6
54.2
53.6
52.8
31.2
22.1
22.2
21.8
55.7
56.3
33.2
27.7
24.3
17.6
26.4
55.3
54.8
44.8
38.2
29.9
27.1
21.2
53.5
55.6
46.3
42.3
30.5
19.8
36.1
52.8
53.6
53.4
32.3
17.9
17.5
20.7
56.2
55.5
30.4
29.2
25.0
16.3
23.9
55.0
54.7
46.5
36.7
31.6
27.2
20.3
55.0
54.6
39.0
34.2
30.3
18.4
46.0
52.6
53.9
52.3
31.6
18.5
18.9
18.0
56.1
56.1
30.7
29.0
22.6
14.9
24.5
56.0
55.3
43.6
32.9
29.4
27.1
19.2
56.4
56.3
37.9
35.8
30.1
17.6
47.5
51.6
53.3
52.2
25.6
18.8
20.5
18.3
57.7
56.0
29.9
29.3
22.5
15.4
26.3
55.4
56.1
51.1
29.4
27.6
31.7
21.9
55.9
55.5
37.5
31.9
29.6
18.9
49.9
52.3
53.3
52.3
24.5
21.3
20.4
19.3
55.3
55.8
27.6
30.9
20.4
14.2
25.0
55.6
54.6
55.9
33.2
31.8
28.4
19.4
55.9
54.2
39.2
33.6
29.3
19.0
53.2
50.9
53.5
52.4
23.2
23.5
20.5
21.4
54.4
55.7
28.9
30.8
20.5
14.5
22.4
55.3
56.4
55.9
29.5
28.1
26.0
21.4
57.9
56.1
33.8
33.2
26.9
18.8
49.7
51.1
53.6
52.5
22.4
28.0
20.4
22.8
54.0
56.4
25.0
29.1
21.6
12.8
26.6
53.2
56.6
54.1
34.6
26.3
23.1
24.7
55.5
56.8
33.2
31.3
28.6
16.5
49.4
50.6
52.6
53.4
24.5
27.0
19.2
23.1
54.2
55.8
25.3
30.6
20.1
13.7
28.3
53.7
54.8
54.5
30.6
30.4
28.8
21.6
55.9
56.0
34.8
32.1
27.9
19.4
47.7
45.9
53.0
52.3
23.8
27.6
19.9
23.7
53.9
56.1
27.0
33.3
19.1
14.3
26.5
52.2
55.5
55.0
30.9
32.3
32.6
22.6
53.3
55.4
39.9
31.4
28.4
21.9
49.0
45.0
52.7
53.2
23.1
27.1
17.9
27.5
54.5
55.0
30.0
32.8
19.3
16.4
28.0
52.8
54.7
55.9
32.5
33.5
35.7
23.3
48.5
55.5
41.2
31.5
30.9
23.7
49.0
43.7
52.7
53.3
25.1
28.8
19.7
30.0
55.0
54.8
27.0
41.3
20.1
15.6
26.7
55.1
55.8
56.5
40.8
35.9
34.4
24.2
47.4
53.2
43.9
30.2
33.8
27.6
49.5
43.1
53.4
53.2
25.2
26.8
16.3
31.3
55.1
54.0
25.1
29.4
23.6
20.2
29.3
53.6
52.0
54.8
46.5
41.8
36.1
26.0
45.0
53.2
44.1
39.2
33.1
30.4
48.9
45.9
52.4
54.0
27.9
25.0
18.0
35.7
52.5
54.7
29.3
46.2
21.4
19.2
28.8
53.6
53.5
53.2
45.7
41.0
36.7
26.8
38.4
54.7
51.1
47.3
35.2
31.9
48.1
40.6
51.5
54.1
29.0
26.8
20.0
32.5
52.0
54.9
28.7
45.6
20.9
20.9
34.5
52.1
53.1
53.7
48.3
40.3
34.0
28.3
30.4
54.4
52.7
46.3
44.1
32.8
48.5
39.9
52.1
53.2
30.8
26.9
18.6
38.4
53.2
53.4
28.1
45.5
23.5
23.7
35.5
53.2
52.7
54.4
53.5
43.0
33.0
28.2
27.7
52.8
51.9
50.6
47.3
34.6
49.4
39.4
51.6
52.5
33.2
28.6
19.3
43.4
54.3
54.7
28.3
43.8
23.1
24.5
43.9
55.4
53.9
52.9
52.9
42.7
29.9
31.1
28.1
53.4
51.3
51.4
51.7
39.3
49.4
40.4
54.3
52.9
36.9
27.6
21.7
51.4
56.0
56.3
29.2
44.8
24.1
26.7
49.0
52.5
54.6
53.2
54.9
50.8
34.7
36.4
26.0
55.1
53.9
52.4
52.5
40.4
50.5
42.8
53.9
55.0
43.1
26.6
26.4
54.0
55.2
54.7
32.5
41.0
24.8
29.6
52.3
53.8
54.5
55.6
54.4
54.2
35.4
37.6
27.6
55.5
52.3
53.9
53.2
37.4
49.4
46.4
51.3
53.9
48.1
30.8
26.6
52.1
54.9
57.9
35.6
40.7
29.3
31.2
52.7
54.7
53.0
55.6
54.8
52.2
35.0
45.4
29.6
55.3
50.7
52.3
54.0
50.2
49.8
49.1
53.4
53.2
54.3
34.8
30.9
53.8
54.7
56.6
36.5
37.5
33.0
34.8
52.9
54.7
53.6
54.0
53.8
53.5
34.0
52.2
28.0
55.7
52.2
53.5
54.9
54.6
49.7
50.6
54.7
55.5
54.6
42.1
34.1
56.4
55.4
56.7
40.5
40.2
31.8
37.1
55.3
54.4
54.5
54.7
53.7
53.3
26.2
54.2
35.1
54.2
51.9
55.1
54.9
53.5
49.0
52.4
52.9
54.5
55.5
41.9
37.5
54.5
53.8
57.6
46.0
37.6
30.8
44.2
51.8
54.3
55.5
55.9
53.1
53.6
33.4
53.4
41.8
51.7
53.5
54.7
54.9
53.7
52.4
52.4
52.8
56.0
54.1
50.6
40.2
54.1
55.5
57.0
56.0
47.8
38.2
51.7
54.1
55.4
55.7
54.9
55.5
55.3
35.8
53.3
50.5
55.0
54.5
54.3
54.9
53.7
51.3
53.5
54.1
55.4
54.0
50.8
49.7
55.0
55.7
54.2
56.0
50.1
44.2
52.1
54.0
55.4
53.9
56.8
54.7
54.6
33.5
54.0
55.3
55.4
54.1
54.7
54.9
54.3
51.7
52.0
55.2
54.0
54.6
51.7
51.7
55.7
55.9
54.8
55.5
55.1
50.9
55.6
55.4
56.2
55.2
56.7
53.3
53.7
31.9
55.7
56.8
53.6
53.6
55.8
54.9
53.7
52.4
52.5
53.4
54.2
53.8
51.7
53.4
54.3
55.7
52.9
54.8
52.9
53.5
53.0
53.9
56.3
56.4
55.7
56.9
54.7
33.8
53.0
54.3
55.9
55.5
56.9
54.9
53.5
53.3
52.1
54.7
55.8
53.8
51.5
55.2
54.9
54.3
55.6
55.3
56.1
53.7
54.2
55.0
57.8
55.5
53.8
55.6
55.2
31.7
55.1
56.4
56.4
53.6
54.9
54.9
55.1
53.8
52.9
53.7
55.7
56.1
52.9
55.2
55.8
56.2
53.5
56.9
56.6
53.6
53.9
55.4
57.6
55.1
54.4
55.1
55.5
35.5
53.3
55.4
56.8
53.5
55.6
54.9
55.6
53.2
54.3
55.1
53.6
54.6
53.1
54.6
52.1
56.6
54.6
56.6
56.8
51.5
55.1
54.6
54.5
54.9
55.4
56.9
55.5
51.0
54.8
57.0
56.5
56.1
55.6
54.9
55.1
53.1
55.4
53.7
56.9
55.4
53.1
54.4
55.1
57.2
54.4
55.1
57.0
55.0
55.0
55.1
57.2
54.7
56.2
57.3
55.5
53.6
55.1
56.5
54.2
55.4
56.9
54.9
54.9
52.1
56.1
53.5
55.0
54.1
52.7
54.5
55.4
56.0
54.7
56.0
54.7
53.0
54.6
56.5
57.6
55.8
56.1
56.4
55.7
53.5
54.6
56.6
55.6
54.3
56.7
54.9
53.6
55.4
57.0
51.8
56.4
54.9
52.6
55.2
55.2
55.2
56.4
57.0
54.8
53.9
53.0
57.2
56.0
54.5
51.5
56.1
55.0
54.8
54.5
57.8
54.9
55.0
56.6
54.9
54.6
54.4
55.3
51.3
56.7
56.0
54.2
55.9
56.8
55.6
57.6
55.5
56.3
54.3
55.2
56.9
56.8
54.8
57.6
54.2
56.5
56.5
55.5
57.2
55.9
56.7
57.1
55.7
56.8
54.2
55.1
50.4
55.8
54.6
53.0
56.4
58.2
56.7
56.9
53.7
55.5
52.3
55.4
55.4
56.3
55.6
56.0
54.2
57.8
56.5
55.8
57.9
56.7
55.7
56.0
55.1
54.4
55.3
54.9
51.4
54.7
56.1
53.6
56.2
58.5
55.9
56.7
56.2
54.9
54.3
54.3
56.4
57.3
54.5
56.8
55.8
54.8
55.5
55.3
57.2
55.8
55.1
57.4
55.1
55.1
54.8
54.2
50.5
53.6
54.9
53.0
55.8
57.2
55.7
56.6
53.3
53.9
53.3
54.7
58.1
57.1
56.9
57.4
54.7
54.9
56.1
57.7
57.4
55.8
55.2
56.7
55.1
55.2
54.9
54.1
39.4
55.7
54.7
54.3
57.0
56.2
55.8
55.5
52.1
55.4
53.8
55.0
57.8
57.7
57.7
57.3
56.8
54.1
54.1
57.4
57.7
55.5
56.3
54.1
55.1
55.6
54.8
52.4
25.6
54.0
55.5
55.2
52.4
56.5
56.1
57.1
55.3
56.9
54.9
56.3
57.1
56.6
56.5
56.8
56.6
53.6
56.0
56.3
57.3
56.0
54.9
56.7
54.5
56.6
54.8
55.2
28.2
56.7
56.7
53.7
55.5
57.5
56.5
55.7
55.2
56.6
54.5
54.0
57.7
57.3
55.6
58.1
55.4
53.0
55.1
54.2
56.8
56.7
56.1
57.5
54.9
55.2
55.4
54.8
28.8
55.7
55.6
53.6
57.0
55.8
55.0
56.2
56.3
55.4
52.3
54.6
57.5
57.1
53.9
57.8
55.6
57.0
55.9
55.3
57.6
56.6
57.1
56.8
54.9
55.4
55.7
55.3
24.3
55.5
55.5
55.5
57.3
57.3
54.0
55.5
56.8
54.7
53.0
54.6
56.2
55.9
55.8
58.4
55.9
56.4
57.0
56.5
57.8
56.7
55.9
55.7
54.9
53.9
55.9
55.4
31.1
57.1
54.4
54.8
56.6
57.3
53.9
56.3
56.9
55.8
51.0
55.3
57.2
56.9
56.1
57.3
55.5
54.8
56.4
55.8
58.0
56.9
55.4
56.7
54.9
54.5
52.8
57.4
33.3
56.5
56.9
54.2
57.5
57.3
55.9
55.7
59.1
55.5
52.2
56.8
57.4
56.9
58.1
57.7
56.0
56.6
55.8
56.1
57.5
56.7
57.3
56.3
54.9
55.5
54.6
56.3
38.5
55.6
56.0
53.2
54.9
56.9
56.5
57.1
57.2
55.4
53.9
56.9
58.7
56.7
57.7
57.8
57.9
54.6
56.4
56.3
57.2
54.8
56.7
56.3
54.9
56.7
55.4
55.2
50.8
56.9
56.1
54.1
56.4
57.0
56.6
57.3
56.4
55.3
51.9
55.4
51.3
58.9
57.3
58.0
57.5
55.2
56.3
53.2
58.4
56.9
56.5
56.5
54.9
57.6
54.7
55.9
53.3
56.7
52.7
53.0
56.2
57.8
57.7
58.3
57.6
56.4
52.6
53.5
57.5
56.9
54.6
59.4
57.0
53.7
55.7
57.0
58.5
58.2
57.3
57.9
54.9
55.4
55.1
56.1
55.9
57.0
55.7
53.2
55.1
57.6
57.2
58.6
55.3
54.9
53.8
56.4
56.2
56.9
56.9
60.0
55.3
55.1
56.3
57.5
59.4
54.9
57.4
58.7
54.9
55.7
54.9
55.1
55.0
56.2
56.3
52.8
56.1
57.4
56.8
57.5
59.1
55.3
53.8
56.7
58.0
58.0
55.7
57.4
58.4
54.6
57.0
56.4
57.0
55.9
56.4
57.8
54.9
56.5
54.7
56.9
55.6
56.7
55.5
51.6
55.7
57.5
57.7
55.9
56.3
54.7
53.4
57.0
58.0
55.9
56.9
57.5
58.3
55.6
57.2
56.5
57.4
56.1
55.8
57.1
55.2
54.7
55.5
56.6
54.3
55.9
55.1
54.5
58.8
57.6
57.2
56.3
55.5
56.0
54.3
54.2
57.0
57.9
54.7
58.3
58.1
56.5
55.1
56.9
57.0
56.4
57.9
57.8
55.4
55.1
55.4
56.7
54.9
56.3
56.8
53.0
58.0
57.3
57.9
57.5
56.2
54.6
55.2
54.1
58.7
57.7
56.3
57.6
56.3
56.8
56.0
58.6
58.5
57.9
56.6
56.9
55.4
56.5
54.2
55.2
54.0
56.6
56.2
54.1
57.3
57.7
57.0
57.0
57.8
54.7
55.2
55.4
57.2
57.7
56.6
56.7
57.3
57.5
55.9
57.1
59.0
57.6
57.1
57.9
55.5
55.8
56.1
52.4
55.1
56.0
55.4
53.7
56.5
57.1
57.5
58.1
56.9
55.4
55.2
55.1
56.9
59.4
56.8
57.7
57.4
55.7
55.5
57.3
59.3
57.1
56.0
57.3
53.5
54.9
55.5
54.6
55.1
56.4
56.2
52.3
58.6
56.0
56.3
57.0
58.0
55.2
55.5
57.3
57.7
58.4
57.4
56.8
58.4
56.8
57.1
56.7
56.7
56.1
57.5
59.4
57.6
56.5
56.6
53.6
51.9
55.9
55.5
55.3
56.5
57.7
57.5
60.3
55.9
56.0
56.4
57.6
55.7
58.3
55.2
59.6
57.6
56.8
57.2
56.3
58.2
56.8
58.4
56.1
56.1
55.3
54.6
56.0
54.9
55.4
55.6
53.7
56.0
58.4
57.6
57.4
57.5
56.9
55.6
56.2
57.4
57.4
56.2
56.9
56.4
57.4
56.6
56.9
59.7
58.4
57.1
56.6
57.2
56.4
53.4
54.9
55.4
57.7
55.5
52.3
57.2
58.9
57.2
57.2
54.0
55.6
54.5
59.0
57.4
53.0
57.5
57.7
58.2
56.5
56.2
57.3
57.9
58.0
57.0
59.5
57.9
56.0
52.3
55.7
54.5
57.7
57.4
53.6
55.1
55.4
57.1
58.5
57.1
58.1
55.0
55.7
57.7
55.6
55.4
56.2
54.7
56.5
57.1
59.0
59.3
57.9
56.2
58.3
55.3
55.7
55.1
54.8
54.5
54.9
57.3
55.7
57.4
55.7
56.7
56.8
56.5
55.8
57.2
55.0
56.0
58.0
57.2
58.0
57.5
56.1
56.1
57.6
58.1
57.4
56.7
58.9
55.0
55.2
56.1
57.1
55.6
57.8
56.5
55.2
57.1
56.7
56.4
56.8
55.4
56.2
56.2
56.3
58.5
58.7
57.0
57.8
55.4
55.6
57.2
57.4
56.6
57.5
55.6
57.0
56.8
52.6
55.1
57.1
54.5
58.7
56.4
54.1
57.2
57.2
59.2
56.4
57.9
56.3
55.6
57.0
55.8
56.4
56.7
58.0
56.6
57.0
57.4
55.9
58.1
58.9
58.9
57.0
56.4
55.5
56.4
57.8
56.5
58.2
53.3
53.8
57.4
52.3
57.9
58.4
57.1
56.7
55.1
56.2
57.1
55.2
57.0
55.7
56.7
56.7
54.9
57.8
57.1
57.5
58.9
58.8
57.3
54.0
56.0
56.6
55.4
57.7
55.0
53.9
56.6
57.0
58.6
57.7
57.9
57.1
54.6
57.1
55.6
55.5
58.0
58.3
54.6
56.4
54.8
56.6
56.1
57.8
57.1
57.8
55.0
54.3
55.3
56.6
53.7
57.4
56.5
55.2
56.0
57.3
55.7
55.8
49.9
57.0
54.5
56.5
56.7
54.9
57.3
57.2
55.2
56.0
55.4
56.2
56.2
58.1
56.3
57.5
54.9
54.5
56.6
57.2
54.9
51.6
57.5
53.4
56.6
56.8
58.5
59.2
55.2
56.7
55.7
55.1
52.5
56.6
56.6
55.8
57.2
57.4
56.1
56.0
56.3
58.4
57.0
57.0
54.9
55.0
55.9
56.5
55.8
56.4
56.4
49.2
57.6
58.7
58.4
55.7
54.6
56.9
54.3
52.6
55.4
54.7
55.8
57.1
56.1
54.5
55.6
54.9
57.5
58.1
59.1
56.9
56.8
54.5
55.4
55.9
56.2
58.3
56.4
54.7
56.5
56.3
57.0
56.3
56.0
55.7
55.1
56.7
56.9
55.4
57.5
58.3
56.9
54.7
55.6
57.4
54.5
57.2
57.1
58.1
58.3
54.8
51.5
55.7
54.2
56.9
56.6
53.8
55.3
56.5
57.4
53.7
58.4
55.4
56.7
56.3
56.3
53.7
56.4
59.7
58.4
55.7
56.6
57.1
56.5
55.7
58.4
58.1
49.7
56.1
55.9
52.4
58.7
58.1
57.1
54.4
55.6
58.7
58.8
58.9
58.8
56.7
56.7
57.9
58.0
56.0
56.5
57.2
57.1
56.6
56.9
57.9
59.3
56.9
57.2
57.8
56.3
55.4
52.7
54.8
56.0
59.2
56.3
51.6
55.6
57.1
56.8
56.4
58.9
55.8
50.5
59.3
58.0
57.4
55.9
57.2
58.0
55.3
57.5
55.3
57.7
57.5
59.3
58.7
55.7
52.6
56.5
57.3
54.5
57.5
55.6
54.6
56.8
57.0
58.7
56.4
53.8
52.9
55.9
57.1
58.5
56.0
56.3
55.2
58.2
56.4
55.4
55.8
58.7
55.5
57.6
58.9
55.6
54.7
58.6
56.3
54.9
58.3
56.4
53.3
56.1
56.5
57.4
58.1
56.8
57.5
52.8
57.3
52.8
58.4
58.7
50.8
55.2
55.7
56.2
54.3
61.1
57.1
59.4
59.0
55.8
55.8
55.8
55.8
55.1
58.3
53.3
53.7
53.5
59.5
57.7
48.9
59.3
56.5
51.8
58.1
58.1
56.3
53.9
57.0
56.7
57.8
56.2
54.4
58.1
57.8
54.8
56.1
56.5
51.3
58.6
54.3
57.1
57.0
56.5
54.5
57.3
56.0
58.0
56.3
57.3
56.1
55.8
57.3
56.8
54.5
52.9
58.8
55.7
53.2
57.9
57.8
54.8
59.0
58.3
56.3
53.5
54.8
55.0
56.0
55.3
55.4
56.0
55.1
55.7
56.5
57.7
57.0
57.3
55.6
52.6
56.3
57.8
55.6
58.2
56.8
58.8
51.3
59.9
57.4
58.2
58.0
56.6
58.2
54.1
54.2
55.3
54.7
57.8
53.7
56.1
54.9
57.1
55.3
59.5
53.0
55.8
56.0
52.4
57.6
57.0
54.6
57.0
51.9
52.9
56.8
55.6
55.9
57.3
55.1
52.5
55.4
56.0
54.1
57.5
53.9
57.5
59.1
56.4
53.2
53.0
56.9
58.5
52.6
56.9
52.6
55.1
53.1
59.0
57.0
55.7
56.1
56.4
57.7
56.0
56.1
56.8
54.8
56.4
56.2
53.6
50.3
57.0
56.3
59.3
57.0
57.4
55.9
55.8
56.5
56.4
57.3
54.3
56.6
55.7
58.1
57.3
54.6
57.2
55.6
56.3
57.5
57.9
58.8
58.5
52.8
58.2
56.3
55.6
52.1
58.1
55.0
56.5
56.6
56.7
56.8
55.8
56.0
55.7
58.4
55.2
59.0
57.0
54.2
56.4
54.8
55.1
59.1
57.8
56.5
55.6
57.2
58.9
59.7
57.2
58.2
55.9
49.7
55.7
58.5
54.5
59.2
54.1
57.7
55.5
57.4
58.0
55.1
58.6
55.4
54.6
54.8
59.1
54.2
56.4
57.0
55.4
55.9
55.6
58.2
58.5
58.1
57.0
59.1
57.9
52.2
55.1
56.6
54.2
58.1
57.7
54.2
56.5
55.8
57.1
57.6
57.9
56.4
57.9
56.5
57.1
49.5
59.0
59.2
53.6
56.0
56.2
58.5
58.4
57.1
56.2
59.9
55.5
54.6
55.8
55.7
56.9
51.6
57.4
52.5
57.8
59.1
56.6
57.8
56.5
55.3
56.7
55.5
55.6
56.2
54.1
56.1
56.5
56.1
59.0
55.2
56.4
57.3
56.0
56.6
1
28
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00
Time≥55 mph 45 mph ≤30 mph
What Does the HCM Have to Offer System Monitoring?
HCM is an authoritativereference for defining roadwayoperations performancemeasures
Consistently defined measuresfacilitate comparisons• Over time & between locations
HCM measures and methods can be used to:• Report current roadway performance• Diagnose operational issues• When calibrated to current conditions,
forecast future operations
50
Using HCM Measures to Supplement Reporting
HCM-based measures can help interpret results of roadway monitoring• Capacity (used to generate volume-to-capacity ratio)• Level of service• TTI (used to evaluate likelihood of congestion occurring)
•5151
Using Monitoring Results as Inputs to HCM Methods
Outputs from roadway monitoring are frequently used as inputs to HCM methods• Free-flow speed (FFS)• Heavy-vehicle percentage (%HV)• Ratio of peak hour to daily traffic (K-factor)• Peak hour factor (PHF)
(hourly volume) / (4×peak 15-minute volume)
•5252
Methods of Estimating Capacity for Roadway Monitoring
Guide or local service volume table• Provides volume at capacity• Approximate value, due to extensive use of defaults
Simplified HCM equations in the Guide• Freeways and multilane highways• Rural two-lane highways• Urban streets
•5353
Methods of Estimating LOS for Roadway Monitoring
Guide or local service volume table• Provides maximum demands for each LOS• Approximate value, due to extensive use of defaults
Direct calculation• Convert hourly flow from veh/h to pc/h using HCM’s
heavy-vehicle equivalence factor (typically 2 for level terrain) Example: 1,000 veh/h with 10% trucks = 900 + (100×2) = 1,100
pc/h• Density = (hourly flow) / (number of lanes) / (average
speed)• HCM tables convert freeway and multilane highway density
to a LOS letter
•5454
Using TTI to Estimate Likelihood of Congestion Ocurring
HCM provides speeds at capacity for various free-flow speeds (FFS)
Dividing the FFS by the speed at capacity gives the TTI at capacity
Guidance:• High probability that segment is uncongested when
TTI ≤ 1.05 (freeways, highways) or ≤ 2.50 (urban streets)• High probability that segment is congested when
TTI ≥ 1.40 (freeways, highways) or ≥ 4.00 (urban streets)• Uncertain whether segment is over capacity or not for
other TTI values
•5555
56
Presentation Overview
Need for the Guide
Overview of the Guide
Case Studies
Additional Resources
Where to Find PPEAG Resources
Online HCM Volume 4• www.hcmvolume4.org• Free, one-time registration
required
Navigate to the“Application Guides” section, then select the Planning Guide
57
Available PPEAG Resources
Download the Guide
Addenda & errata
Introduction video
Presentations• Overview• Applications
Workshop materials
Computational engines
58
Workshop Materials
12 hours of training material
Includes PowerPoint slides, instructor notes, and student packet for each workshop module• Welcome• Introduction to the Guide• Freeways• HCM Application to Regional Planning• Urban Street Motor Vehicle Operations• HCM Application to Roadway System Monitoring• Urban Street Multimodal Analysis
59
Computational Engines
Freeways
Signalized intersections
Single-lane roundabouts
Truck LOS
Two-way stopintersections
Urban streets• Motor vehicles• Multimodal (bicycle, pedestrian, bus)
60
Summary
The Guide provides a resource for both HCM users and planning professionals to:• Conduct quick back-of-the-envelope evaluations where
neither a full HCM analysis nor simulation is necessary• Maintain consistency with the HCM throughout the project
development process• Incorporate HCM methods into planning tools
HCM Volume 4 provides many tools for learning more about the Guide and applying it to projects
61
62
HCM Webinar Series
Using the HCM for planning
Freeway facility analysis
Travel time reliability analysis
Multimodal analysis
Intersection control evaluation (ICE)
Alternative intersection and corridor analysis
63
Questions?
63
Today’s Speakers• Brian Dunn, Oregon
Department of Transportation,[email protected]
• Paul Ryus, Kittelson and Associates, [email protected]
Get Involved with TRB• Getting involved is free!• Join a Standing Committee (http://bit.ly/2jYRrF6)• Become a Friend of a Committee
(http://bit.ly/TRBcommittees)– Networking opportunities– May provide a path to become a Standing Committee
member• Sponsoring Committee: AHB40• For more information: www.mytrb.org
– Create your account– Update your profile
Receiving PDH credits
• Must register as an individual to receive credits (no group credits)
• Credits will be reported two to three business days after the webinar
• You will be able to retrieve your certificate from RCEP within one week of the webinar
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