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Simple PHP application

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A simple application

We are going to develop a simple PHPapplication with a Web interface.

The user enters two numbers and theapplication returns the two multiplied totogether

Start

http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htm

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UML Interaction Diagram

Interaction diagrams describe thecommunication between objects, but wewill use them to describe interationbetween programs even if they are notobjects

http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htm

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Simple interaction diagram

Simple example and explanation Ref to UML

http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htm

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User-script interactionBrowser

Web server

get multiply.php?x=5&y=6

Locate file and runas PHP

multiply.phpPHP processor

run script

5 * 6 = 30

5 * 6 = 30HTMLMIME

User

Enter data

Read output

get form.htmClick link

Locate file

Calculate button

x=5 y=6

Displayform.htm

Display generated HTML

page

http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/start.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/form.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/form.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/form.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/form.htm

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User-browser interactionBrowserUser

Enter data

Read output

Click link

Calculate button

Display form.htm

Display generated HTML

page

http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/form.htmhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/form.htm

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User Browser interaction

User locates desired link Multiply numbers

Browser retrieves the form from the server Form is displayed User fills in the fields on the form User clicks submit button

Magic stuff happens User reads the result and goes back to the form

to change the values in the form

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form.htm

x =

y =

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Browser-Server interactionBrowser

Web server

get multiply.php?x=5&y=6

Locate file and runas PHP

5 * 6 = 30

Click button

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Browser-Server interaction

Parameters passed as data couplets (name/value pairs)either Attached to URL (and visible to user in the address line)

Values must be URL-Encoded space to +

punctuation to %hex e.g. ? to %3f METHOD=GET in an HTML Form

appended to the ACTION URL

Explicitly added to the base URL e.g. 5 * 6

A separate document (invisible to user)

METHOD=POST in an HTML Form Result passed back in a MIME wrapper

MIME tells browser what kind of file it is (HTML,JPEG, XML,Flash.. )

Content-type: image/jpeg

http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply.php?x=5&y=6http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply.php?x=5&y=6http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply.php?x=5&y=6

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Server-script interactionWeb server

get multiply.php?x=5&y=6

Locate file and runas PHP

multiply.php

run script

5 * 6 = 30

x=5 y=6

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User-script interactionBrowser

Web server

get multiply.php?x=5&y=6

Locate file and runas PHP

multiply.phpPHP processor

run script

5 * 6 = 30

5 * 6 = 30HTMLMIME

User

Enter data

Read output

get form.htmClick link

Locate file

Calculate button

x=5 y=6

Display form.htm

Display generated HTML

page

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form.htm

x =

y =

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Browser-Server interactionBrowser

Web server

get multiply.php?x=5&y=6

Locate file and runas PHP

5 * 6 = 30HTMLMIME

Click button

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URL

Relative URL multiply.php?x=5&y=6

Absolute URL http://localhost/UFIE8V/l3php/multiply.php?x=5&y=6 (my

Home machine running IIS)

http://stocks.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/UFIE8V/l3php/multiply.ph

(the development server)

http://www.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/UFIE8V/l3php/multiply.php(the public production server)

http://localhost/UFIE8V/l3php/multiply.php?x=5&y=6http://stocks.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/UFIE8V/l3php/multiply.php?x=5&y=6http://www.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/UFIE8V/l3php/multiply.php?x=5&y=6http://www.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/UFIE8V/l3php/multiply.php?x=5&y=6http://stocks.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/UFIE8V/l3php/multiply.php?x=5&y=6http://localhost/UFIE8V/l3php/multiply.php?x=5&y=6

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Server-script interactionWeb server

get multiply.php?x=5&y=6

Locate file and runas PHP

multiply.phpPHP processor

run script

5 * 6 = 30

x=5 y=6

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Server-PHP interaction

Parameters GET and POST Parameters available as variables of the same name $x, $y (deprecated but used in my code ) in an array $_GET[x] depends on the setup

Parameter values are URL-Decoded

Implicit Parameters In addition to the user-defined parameters, other data is available aboutthe client and about the server

$PHP_SELF is the program name $HTTP_USER_AGENT is the browser

Reply

HTML goes through to output script is executed as PHP

Print or echo statements add to output

All output returned to Server Other kinds of output (JPEG, GIF.. ) require different headers to be

output

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Multiply.php script

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The generated HTML

5 * 6 = 30

This simple text is not XHTML compliant ofcourse.

HTML to provide a readable page can be added

around the PHP 5 * 6

Note that we have added the name/value pairsto the URL not very useful here obviously.

some pairs can be in the action URL of a form,some in input fields

The script multiply2.php includes the originalPHP script within an HTML page

http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply2.php?x=5&y=6http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply2.php?x=5&y=6http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply2.php?x=5&y=6http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply2.php?x=5&y=6http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply2.php?x=5&y=6

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Multiply2.phpProgram composition with require

PHP introduction - multiply script

PHP introduction

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Sticky Forms

Poor interface -user must to go back tooriginal form to change the data and re-calculate.

Key idea: Combine form and calculator into one script

Do calculation (if required) first

Put inputs as defaults in form Simple combination of form and script

Calculate Product

http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.php

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http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.php

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multiply3.phpCombined form and calculator

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Initial Form

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Form with Entered Values

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Forms processing

Interface and presentation can be easilyimproved Calculate Product

Script can do validation and add error messagesto the form where fields are missing or invalid.

Where to do the processing?:

on Client in Javascript

on Server in PHP or Java

What factors do you need to consider to decide?

http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/mulform.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply4.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply4.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply4.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply4.phphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch25577/scripts/multiply4.php

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SMS version

Now nearly the same application with an SMSpresentation layer.

For variety, Ive generalised to allow any number ofnumbers to be multiplied together

Text MUL num1 num2 num3

To:

076 24 80 37 59

Eg. MUL 34 56 78

Reply 34 x 56 x 78 = 148512

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SMS to script interface

Script plugs into SMS server Must obey the protocol:

Parameters Text

From Code

Reply text: Reply:

Entry required in routing file: MUL

http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.php

http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.php

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smsmult.php

http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.phphttp://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~cjwallac/ISD3/smsmult.php