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3.2 Simple sensors: case ‘smart metering’
CONFIDENTIAL1
Template presentation Innovation Day 2016 CONFIDENTIAL
TRACK 3: EVOLVING ARCHITECTURES
Rudy Van RaemdonckCoordinator [email protected]
SIMPLE SENSORSCASE ‘SMART METERING’
3.2 Simple sensors: case ‘smart metering’
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A SIMPLE CAR PARKING SENSOR ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wkvy0GtJE2E
3.2 Simple sensors: case ‘smart metering’
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CONTENT
Case: GecoSense
Challenges in sensor development
Evolving architectures and sensor development
Conclusions and food for thought
3.2 Simple sensors: case ‘smart metering’
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CASE: GecoSenseA retrofittable energy measuring sensor
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BOXX - ENGIE’S SMART THERMOSTAT SOLUTION
https://www.engie-electrabel.be/nl/particulier/boxx-besparen-energie-verbruik-thermostaat
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GECOSENSE – SYSTEM OVERVIEWRetrofittable energy meter sensor
Interface box (existing)Wireless link
BOXX intelligent thermostat
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• Count disk revolutions of installed energy meters(Ferraris type)
• In both directions (energy consumption and production)
• Without intrusion of the meter cabinet (sealed)• And fully removable• That interfaces to the BOXX thermostat• Consumes less than 1W• Is low cost (including installation)• And can be launched within a period of 9 months
GECOSENSE - BASIC REQUIREMENTS
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CHALLENGES IN SENSOR DEVELOPMENTWhy is sensor development complexity underestimated?
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SENSORS ARE EVERYWHERE …
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... ON (IN) OUR BODY
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... IN OUR HOMES/WORKING PLACES
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... IN OUR CITIES
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A MYRIAD OF SENSORS
Source : IBM Canada
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… AND NOWHERE!
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CAR SENSORS - WHERE ARE THEY?
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CAR SENSORS – TYPICAL LIST
Engine Coolant TemperatureFuel Pressure (Gauge)Intake Manifold Absolute PressureEngine RPMVehicle Speed SensorIgnition Timing Advance for #1 CylinderIntake Air TemperatureAir Flow Rate from Mass Airflow SensorAbsolute Throttle PositionOxygen Sensor 1 Bank 1Oxygen Sensor 2 Bank 1Oxygen Sensor 3 Bank 1Oxygen Sensor 4 Bank 1Oxygen Sensor 1 Bank 2Oxygen Sensor 2 Bank 2Oxygen Sensor 3 Bank 2Oxygen Sensor 4 Bank 2Distance TraveledFuel Rail Pressure Relative to VacuumFuel Rail PressureFuel Level InputEVAP System Vapor PressureControl Module Voltage
Catalyst Temperature Bank 1 Sensor 1Catalyst Temperature Bank 2 Sensor 1Catalyst Temperature Bank 1 Sensor 2Catalyst Temperature Bank 2 Sensor 2Absolute Load ValueRelative Throttle PositionAmbient Air TemperatureAccelerator Pedal Position DAccelerator Pedal Position EAccelerator Pedal Position FRoad condition sensorMagnetic sensorVehicle distance sensorForward obstacle sensorBlind spot monitoring cameraDrive recorderSide obstacle sensorOil level
Door open/close sensorBooth open/close sensorPassenger seat sensorRear obstacle sensorGPS sensorAirbag sensorRear view cameraDriver monitoring sensorSteering angle sensorFire sensorVehicle speed sensorCollision detection sensorPedestrian collision sensorCabin air pollution sensorTyre pressure sensorIntrusion alarm detectionAmbient light sensor...
Sensors are invisible assets!
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GECOSENSE – ENERGY MONITORING
Did you see the energy monitoring sensor in the promotional video?
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PERCEIVED VALUE OF SENSORS
DEPE
NDA
BILI
TY /
CR
ITIC
ALIT
Y
WisdomWhat we decide
to do with it
VISI
BILI
TY P
ERCE
IVED
VAL
UE
KnowledgeData analytics, models
InformationContext
DataSensors
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THE PACE OF DATA FLOWA reflection of the fast society we are living in
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WisdomWhat we decide
to do with it
KnowledgeData analytics, models
InformationContext
DataSensors
THE DATA HIGHWAYO
n-de
man
d da
ta
Cont
inuo
us d
ata
feed
Off
-line
O
n-lin
eDe
ferr
ed p
roce
ssin
g
Inst
ant p
roce
ssin
g
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THE SHIFT TO ‘OPEN’ SENSORSDealing with future (not yet known) features
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TESLA – AUTOMATIC DRIVING
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SMARTPHONE – FALL DETECTION
SensorAccelerometer
PlatformSmartphone
Intentionalapplication
Portrait or landscape detection
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SMARTPHONE – FALL DETECTION
SensorAccelerometer
PlatformSmartphone
New (unintentional) applicationFall detection
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IT ALL ADDS UP!
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HIGH IMPLIED DEMANDS VERSUS LOW PERCEIVED VALUE
Sensor requirements
• Connected• Small• Autonomous• Low-cost• (Re)configurable• Reliable• Performant
UBIQUITOUS
INVISIBLE
OPEN
PACE
LOW VALUE PERCEPTION
Complex!
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HIGH IMPLIED DEMANDS VERSUS LOW PERCEIVED VALUE
Sensor requirements
• Connected• Small• Autonomous• Low-cost• (Re)configurable• Reliable• Performant
UBIQUITOUS
INVISIBLE
OPEN
PACE
LOW VALUE PERCEPTION
Complex!
• On one hand, sensors are so ‘common’ they are taken for granted and not seen as valuable assets (low perceived value)
• On the other hand, our whole information society heavily depends on sensor data which implies they must be able to communicate reliable information in real-time, hence turning them into complex systems
• This puts the design process of sensors under a lot of pressure
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EVOLVING ARCHITECTURESAND SENSOR DEVELOPMENT6 hints to tackle the challenge
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• What to measure (register or disk rotation)?• How to detect disk rotation/direction? How to read register?• What is the maximum speed of the disk?• What is the required accuracy?• What are the power requirements?• How and what must be communicated to BOXX?
• Are all the meters the same (disk surface, disk-sensor distance)?
• What are the environmental conditions (ambient light, temperature)?
• Who will install the sensor?• What is allowed as interface to the existing cabinet?• How long should installation take?• What about visibility of the register after the sensor is
mounted?
• What is the maximum cost (sensor + installation)?• What are the expected volumes?
GECOSENSE - COUNTING PULSES… SIMPLE?TE
CHN
ICAL
USE
RBU
SIN
ESS
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#1 - HOLISTIC APPROACH
• Should be applied throughout the complete development cycle• Requires a multi-disciplinary team with an inter-disciplinary collaboration
• Engineering cost• Product cost, TCO• Minimal Viable Product• Funding
• Technology selection• Technology integration• Development• Testing, verification, validation,
certification
• Use cases• Usability• Features• Perceived value• Stakeholders
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GECOSENSE – THE PROJECT TEAM
ProjectCoordination
ProjectManagement
SalesManagement
SoftwareEngineering
HardwareEngineering
Optical Engineering
System Engineering
Lambda-X
Mechanical Engineering
Industrialization
Contract manuf.Management
Externalconsultants
Multi-disciplinaryproject team with inter-disciplinarycollaboration!
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#2 – UNDERSTAND THE PHYSICS
• Understanding the physics helps you in selecting the right measurement technology• Must be done early in the development process!
• Get or acquire domain knowledge• Literature, papers, patent survey• Start measuring!• Use simulation tools• Determine correlations• Consider influencing factors
(environment, time, …)
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GECOSENSE – OPTICAL SYSTEM MODELLING
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#3 – SENSOR AS A PLATFORM (EXAMPLES)
Possibilities• MCU family (footprint
compatible devices, reprogrammable)
• FPGA (reconfigurable)
• Software library (modular)
• Communication protocol(e.g. HART)
• Standard mechanical format / interface
• Overdesign for current application (performance, features)
• Variable assembly
• Bus architecture
• Extension connector
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#3 – SENSOR AS A PLATFORM (RATIONALE)
Properties of platforms• Flexible
• Reconfigurable
• Modular
• Scalable
• Generic
• Re-usable
• Standardization (open standards, interchangeable)
• Portable (hardware independent)
• Platforms enable the implementation of an evolving architecture• This can be realized on different levels (mechanical, hardware, software) and in
different project stages
Advantages forsensor development
• Design flexibility (agility!)
• Earlier start of development
• Lower cost of change (re-use)
• Risk mitigation
• New features can be added after go2market (future proof, sustainability, longevity)
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GECOSENSE – PLATFORM DESIGN (MECHANICAL)
Optical subsystem
Attachment/alignment Signal processing
Cover/protection
Interface (BOXX)
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GENERIC – PLATFORM DESIGN (HARDWARE)
Naked sensor
Sensor interface
Platform management
Processing
Communication i/f
Storage
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MCU(PIC32MX)
GECOSENSE – PLATFORM DESIGN (HARDWARE)
Meter disk
Optical transmitter (2x)
Transmitter driver(2x)
Optical receiver(2x)
Analog to Digital Convertor
Power supplyEMC filteringLevel shifting
UART
Meter interface module
RAMFLASH
Watch-dog
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GECOSENSE – PLATFORM DESIGN (HARDWARE)
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GENERIC – PLATFORM DESIGN (SOFTWARE)
Hardware Abstraction Layer
Sensor i/f and Pre-processing Communication protocol
Signal Processing (algorithm)
Sensor Platform Management
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GECOSENSE – PLATFORM DESIGN (SOFTWARE)
Bootloader Initialization AutoCalibration
I/O driver (LEDs)
I2S handling (ADC) Send/receive
Pulse generation
Signal sampling Protocol driver
Band pass filter
Envelope detection Normalization
Dip detectionDirection detection
Dip counting (cons + prod)
Task scheduling Power management
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#4 – START WITH A WIDE ‘FIELD OF VIEW’
• Start with a broad view
• Evolve project focus as you learn (staged approach)
• Iterate
Explore
• Problem understanding
• Risk identification• Use cases• Learn fast / fail fast• Generate options• Conceptual design• Trade-off
Design
• Evaluation• Verification• User feedback• Pre-certification
Optimize
• Performance• Size/weight• Cost• Integration• Visual design• Validation• Certification
SensorProof of Concept
Preliminar functional sensor
Optimizedsensor
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GECOSENSE - PROJECT APPROACH
Explore Design Optimize
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#5 – STREAMLINE YOUR TOOLCHAIN
• Use the right tools at the right moment
• Organize for portability (reuse) of intermediate development results throughout the project stages
Explore
• Target = PC (or similar)
• Rapid prototyping (bread boarding, 3D printing)
• Simulation• Technology scouting• Starter kits• Algorithm modeling
tools
Design
• Target = functional proto
• Functional decomposition and (re)grouping
• Design tools (EDA, mechanical design)
• Review checklists• Debugging tools• Model translation
tools (code generation)
Optimize
• Target =• final sensor• Configuration
management tools (features, bugs, version)
• Calibrated test bench• (Automated) test
procedure• Model optimization
tools (code optimization)
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GECOSENSE – USE OF TOOLS
Office tools (Excel, Word, Powerpoint)
Matlab (physical simulation and modelling)
Python (protocol simulation)
MPLab (C compiler for embedded software development)
SVN (software version control)
Bugzilla (bug reporting and follow-up)
Creo (mechanical design)
Altium designer (electronic design)
Zemax OpticStudio (optical modelling and design)
LTspice (electronic simulation)
Starter kits / breadboards Functional model / 3D prints Full sensor / Molded parts Final product / Test bench
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#6 – EXPLOIT THE FULL SYSTEM
• Sensor fusion IMU : accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer
• Distributed computing determine where to compute what optimize technical resources, communication bandwidth, autonomy Example: sensor, hub, backend
• Inclusion of context Example : GPS lock to road, day/night mode
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GECOSENSE – EXPLOITING THE SYSTEM
Exploited features• Temperature sensor and temperature
compensation
• Auto calibration
• Redundant meter disk monitoring (using two measuring channels)
• Totalize energy consumption and production on sensor
• No conversion to kWh, no trending
Advantages for GecoSense• Improved reliability over temperature
• Compensation for sensor degradation (long term stability),; autonomous operation
• Disk direction detectionImproved reliability
• Possibility for BOXX to recover from communication drop out
• Minimize sensor resources (cost reduction)
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GECOSENSE – READY FOR MARKET LAUNCH!
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GECOSENSE – FUTURE IDEAS
• Retrofit on meter itself for PV applications (solar cells) shorter distance to meter disk!measurement of both energy consumption and production
• Retrofit for meters with LED instead of disk
• Exchange more parameters with BOXX (signal quality, settings)
• All these ideas can be implemented with minimal effort, thanks to the evolving architecture of the GecoSense sensor
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CONCLUSIONClick to insert subtitle
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REDUCING THE PRESSURE FROM SENSOR DEVELOPMENT
Sensor development
UBIQUITOUS
INVISIBLE
OPEN
PACE
LOW VALUE PERCEPTION
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Sensor development
UBIQUITOUS
INVISIBLE
OPEN
PACE
LOW VALUE PERCEPTION
REDUCING THE PRESSURE FROM SENSOR DEVELOPMENT
Evolving architecture
#1Holistic
approach
#2Understand the physics
#3 Sensor as a Platform #4
Wide ‘angle of view’
#5 Streamline toolchain
#6 Exploit full system
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IS THIS A SIMPLE CAR PARKING SENSOR?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wkvy0GtJE2E
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...YOU MIGHT BE SURPRISED!
Signal processing (master)
Wireless communication (voice/ears)
Sensors (stereoscopic sight + hearing)
Signal processing (slave)
Wireless communication (beak)
Sensors (stereoscopic camera)
Signal processing (slave)
Wireless communication (ears)
Sensors (movement)
THE
DRIV
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enso
r pla
tfor
m #
1)TH
E CH
ICK
(sen
sor p
latf
orm
#2)
THE
DOG
(sen
sor p
latf
orm
#3)
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