Sport and RecreationSinan YILDIRIM

Hacettepe University School of Sport Sciences and Technology

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Learning AimsRecognizing the terms of recreation and

leisureRecognizing kinds of recreationRecognizing the economic dimension of

recreationRecognizing the terms of leadership and

managementWhat is game?

What is Leisure? Leisure Time: It’s originated from the word ‘löisure’ which is French.

Leisure is the time in which there are no limits, people are free to choose and the time left over social missions and responsibilities.

(Torkildsen,2005)

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The time left over work. (Not for money)

The time apart from vital needs.

The time in which there are no limits, people can choose freely.

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What is Recreation?Recreatio in Latin: inovation, re-creating,

restructuring.

According to Kraus (1998); activities that are relaxing and entertaining which provide opportunity to make people relax in the time left over mandatory work or activities.

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Voluntary participationEntertainmentRelaxationRegenerateIncreasing life quality

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Recreation Classification

It’s possible to classify recreational activities according to different criterias in various ways.

In this study it is classified as ‘urban recreation, therapeutic recreation, tourism recreation, campus recreation and outdoor recreation’.

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Urban RecreationActions of private companies and local governments encourage people to reach and join activities and programs.Parks and recreation (play, tour, entertainment

etc. themed parks)School based recreationRecreation in special groups ‘olds, children,

disabled people’(Human Kinetics, 2006)

Fitness centers, swimming pools, sports halls, women’s club house etc.

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Therapeutic RecreationThe field that provides consultancy,

therapy and education to meet the needs of handicapped people’s leisure.

(Jenkins, 2004)

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Tourism RecreationRecreational tourism is the activities that people participate in their leisure time by moving away home places temporarily to escape monotonous life.SailingSurfing and windsurfingSkiingFishingRaftingBig sport organizations such as Olympic

games etc.

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Campus RecreationActivities that students, academics and administrative staff participate in the university.

Includes sport clubs, student groups, health, culture and sport presidencies in the university.

(Human Kinetics, 2006)

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Outdoor RecreationIncludes various activities in which there

are limited sources of big lands and water lands. Because of increase of leisure and desire for escape to nature instead of urban life request for outdoor activities are increasing.

Mountaineering, trekking, rock climbing, mountain biking, orienteering, paragliding, rafting etc.

(Seeley, 1973)

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Recreation, Sports and EconomyNowadays sports and economy are

integrated each other and can’t be thought distinct. After industrial revolution economical improvements of people, more leisure time, big organizations, education role of sports, requirement of sports in daily life and technological improvements of communication made sports an independent industry.

(Çelik, 2006)

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It’s probable that improvement of cultural structure emphasized high status materials and highly required consuming in commercial sports.Everything we obtain merges with sports marketing and sales: athletes (including their names, signs and images), commercial goods, names and logos of the teams…

(Coakley, 2001)

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When evaluating goods and services which are the objects of sports indusrty;Outdoor and indoor sport facilities (sport halls,

natural/synthetic football fields, tennis courts, athletism and running fields, golf fields, game gardens…)

Materials and equipments for infrastructure and ground applications; sport facilities, landscaping (seats, fence, spectator entrance and booth systems, locker rooms, commercial units…)

Private sports and recreational facilities.Sporting goodsSports clothingFitness and condition devicesSports health machinery and equipments…

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When evaluating goods and services which was implied above, relation with other sectors draws the attention. Sports became related with too many fields after increasing numbers of goods and services which are about sports industry and presenting watching goods while consuming these services.

(Çağlarırmak, Uslu, 2004)

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Recreation, Sports and GameHuizinga defines game as; participating

freely but exists in specific time and place in appropriate ways to the rules, has goals, with tension and pleasure feelings ‘being different than usual life’ action and activity.

(Huizinga, 1995)

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Factors That Generate GameGame is a free, voluntarily action,It doesn’t have obligation, negligible and

voidable,It’s an arbitrary action,As the extension of freedom, happens out of

daily life.

(Huizinga, 1995)

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Why Do We Play?Playing makes people recreated.We get rid of all limitations.It’s a cure for a problematic person or a clue

on the way that goes through interior of a person.

(Terr, 2000)

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Recreation and LeadershipLeaders have a key role assessing

leisure. Because efforts of assessing various leisure time activities requires different kind of specialty.

(Tezcan, 1977)

Recreation leaders fitness, outdoor sports etc. shows direction to the participants in the activities. They can plan their activities by determining their needs, teach or help by attending.

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Career OpportunitiesPrivate recreation establishmentsFitness hallsSwimming poolsSport clubs (tennis, swimming…)Private campsOrganization companiesHealth centers (spa, thermal water…)Centers about therapeutic recreationPrivate companiesHotels

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Local GovernmentsSport centers, women’s club etc. which

connected with local governmentsSport specialists and coaches who work for

youth and sport directorship.Recreation planner who work for official

institutions (jails, hospitals, schools…)

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Scientific Refereed JournalLeisure StudiesLeisure SciencesManaging LeisureJournal of Leisure ResearchJournal of Park & Recreation

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QuestionsWhat are the reasons to participate

recreation?What are the limitations on participation to

recreation activities?Is recreation a need?

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Suggested SourcesCoakley, J. (2001). Sport in Society. University of Colorado

Springs, Mcgraw Hill, Colorado,7 Th. Edition.Huizinga, Johan (1995). Homo Ludens: Oyunun Toplumsal

İşlevi Üzerine Bir Deneme. Çev. Mehmet Ali Kılıçbay, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.

Human Kinetics ed. (2006). İntroduction to Recreation and Leisure. Human Kinetics. Printed İn the USA.

Jenkins, J. M. and Pigram, J. J. (2004). Encyclopedia of Leisure and Outdoor Recreation. Published by Routledge

Jennings, G. (2007). Water-Based Torurism, Spor, Leisure, and Recreation Experiences. Elsevier. Printed İn the USA

Karaküçük, S. (1999). Rekreasyon Boş Zamanları Değerlendirme. Gazi Kitabevi. Dördüncü Baskı.

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Kraus, R. G. (1996). Recreation and Leisure: İn Modern Society. Addison-Wesley Pub, 5th edition

Mull, R. F., Bayless, K.G., Ross, C. M., Jamieson, L. M. (1997). Recreational Sport Management. Human Kinetics. Printed İn the USA. Third Edition.

Seeley, İ.H. (1973). Outdoor Recreation and The Urban Environment. The Mcmillan Press Ltd.

Terr, Lenore (2000). Sevgi ve Çalışmanın Ötesinde Oyun Yetişkinler İçin Neden İhtiyaçtır. Literatür Yayıncılık, İstanbul.

Tezcan, M. (1977). Boş Zamanlar Sosyolojisi. Ankara Üniversitesi. Doğan Matbaası. Ankara.

Torkildsen, G. (2005). Leisure and Rereation Management. Published by Routledge. Newyork. Fifth Edition.

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Thanks For Your Attention