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Growing Food in a Residential Landscape
Presentation to Beyond the Edge: Australia's First Peri-Urban
Conference Melbourne
1 October 2013
Ian Sinclair
PhD Candidate University of Sydney &
Principal Consultant
Rural and Environmental Planning Consultants
© Edge Land Planning. All photos and text are Copyright
Food is Important!
Necessity of life
Planning for food security has not been high on the agenda of planners or Governments
Priority has been given to water, housing, environmental awareness and social issues
Planning for the land that grows the food has been mostly ignored
Food producing land has not been a high constraint when expanding urban areas
Need to grow food on the fringe as well as in the city
Australian Food Systems & Location
Organic & non-organic
Intensive
Perishable vegetables,
lot fed animals (chicken, pork, beef & lamb)
Aquaculture
Extensive
Cereal crops & fodder crops,
Grazing animals
Sea caught fish
Different land, water & nutrient needs
A lot of intensive agriculture is grown on fringe metro and high growth areas
Australia’s Food Production
Inland areas – Murray Darling Basin, South Australia & Western Australia Grain, Fibre, Vegetables, Vineyards, Orchards,
etc
Sheep, Cattle, Pigs & some Poultry
Metropolitan Fringe Perishable Vegetables, Vineyards, Poultry,
specialised niche agriculture
Murray Darling Basin is one of the food bowls, not the food bowl of Australia
The fringe is a significant food producing area
Perishable Vegetables State Production Grown on Fringe
Darwin & NT are not high in Perishable vegetable production
Source: ABS Agricultural Commodities 2008-09
Trend is the same with the 2005-06 & 2010 – 11 Agricultural Census
71%
78.4%
100.0%
77.7%
44.1%
26.5%
77.4%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Sydney
Melbourne
Brisbane & Coastal Queensland
Adelaide
Perth
Hobart
Australia
% of State Total
ABS S
tastical D
ivis
ion
Agriculture on the Fringe Sydney Fringe
$749.2m
6.4% of NSW’s Value of Production from 0.2% of land
Melbourne Fringe $1,195.8m
12.6% of Victoria’s value of production from 2% of land
Brisbane Fringe $1,206.3m
13% of Queensland value of Production from 1.3% of land
Intensive Plants
Market Gardening
Hydroponics
Nurseries
Flowers
Turf
Vineyards
Intensive Animals
Poultry
Aquaculture
Niche animals
Extensive Agriculture
Part time grazing
Source: ABS Agricultural Census 2011
Queensland, NSW & Victoria have 78.7% of Australia’s Population and growing at 1.6% p.a.
Western Sydney Land Use 2003
Extensive
Agriculture
2.9%
Extractive
Industry
0.9%Intensive
Animals
0.8%
Commercial
1.8%Vacant Cleared
4.9%
Intensive Plants
6.8%
Public Uses
3.6%
Rural Residential
78.3%
Western Sydney Fragmentation
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
< 0.8 ha 0.81 to 3 3.01 to 8 8.01 to
18
18.01 to
38
38.01 to
42
42.01 +
Lot Size Range
% o
f Tota
l
Fringe Demography
Initial research for PhD
Looking at Rural Residential development and its impact
ABS Census 2011
Community Profiles
Urban Areas and LGA Files
Will do it at the SA1 / CD level
Sydney Fringe Demography
Hawkesbury
Wollondilly
Hawkesbury and Wollondilly Vegetables
Vegetables production
Hawkesbury 42.4% of Sydney and 6% of NSW
Wollondilly 16.4% of Sydney 2.3% of NSW
Perishable Vegetables
Hawkesbury 42.5% of Sydney and 19.4% of NSW
Wollondilly 16.4% of Sydney 2.3% of NSW
Rural residential Development
Residential use of rural land where the person does not gain the main source of income from the productive capacity of the land
Two types
Rural Fringe
Rural Living
Sydney Fringe Demography
LGA % of Population
Urban
% of Population
Rural
Hawkesbury 55.7 44.3
Wollondilly 59.0 41.0
LGA % Urban Worked
from Home
% Rural Worked
from Home
Hawkesbury 2.8 8.0
Wollondilly 3.2 7.7
Age Structure
0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0%
0-4 years
5-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-34 years
35-44 years
45-54 years
55-64 years
65-74 years
75-84 years
85 years and over
Urban Rural Shire
Hawkesbury Wollondilly
0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0%
0-4 years
5-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-34 years
35-44 years
45-54 years
55-64 years
65-74 years
75-84 years
85 years and over
Urban Rural LGA
Age Structure
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0%
0-14
15-64
65+
Urban Rural LGA
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0%
0-14
15-64
65+
Urban Rural Shire
Hawkesbury Wollondilly
Occupation
0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%
Postgraduate Degree Level
Graduate Diploma and
Graduate Certificate Level
Bachelor Degree Level
Advanced Diploma and
Diploma Level
Certificate Level
Rural Urban
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0%
Postgraduate Degree Level
Graduate Diploma and
Graduate Certificate Level
Bachelor Degree Level
Advanced Diploma and
Diploma Level
Certificate Level
Rural Urban
Hawkesbury Wollondilly
Industry Sector Wollondilly
0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0%
Agriculture, forestry & fishing
Mining
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, water & waste services
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Accommodation & food services
Transport, postal & warehousing
Information media & telecommunications
Financial & insurance services
Rental, hiring & real estate services
Professional, scientific & technical services
Administrative & support services
Public administration & safety
Education & training
Health care & social assistance
Arts & recreation services
Other services
Inadequately described/Not stated
Wollondilly Shire Urban Rural
Industry Sector Hawkesbury
0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0%
Agriculture, forestry & fishing
Mining
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas, water & waste services
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Accommodation & food services
Transport, postal & warehousing
Information media & telecommunications
Financial & insurance services
Rental, hiring & real estate services
Professional, scientific & technical services
Administrative & support services
Public administration & safety
Education & training
Health care & social assistance
Arts & recreation services
Other services
Inadequately described/Not stated
Hawkesbury LGA Urban Rural
Top 5 Industry Sectors
Industry Sector Rural Urban Hawkesbury
LGA Sydney NSW
Construction 14.9% 10.7% 12.6% 7.1% 7.3%
Manufacturing 10.5% 11.0% 10.8% 8.5% 8.4%
Retail trade 9.9% 10.9% 10.4% 9.8% 10.3%
Education & training 8.7% 7.7% 8.2% 7.6% 7.9%
Health care & social assistance 8.4% 9.9% 9.2% 10.9% 11.6%
Industry Sector Rural Urban Wollondilly
Shire Sydney NSW
Construction 13.4% 11.0% 12.0% 7.1% 7.3%
Manufacturing 11.0% 13.6% 12.5% 8.5% 8.4%
Health care & social assistance 9.4% 10.3% 9.9% 10.9% 11.6%
Retail trade 8.6% 10.7% 9.8% 9.8% 10.3%
Education & training 8.1% 8.4% 8.3% 7.6% 7.9%
Hawkesbury
Wollondilly
Rural Land Use Conflict
Noise
Odour
Farm Chemicals
Night Time Activities
Visual Amenity
Urban Uses
Natural Environment
Stock Damage
Weed Infestation
Lack of Understanding
Communication
Contested Landscape
Pollution Laws written to help the complainant not food and fibre production
Legal position that all pollution can and should be kept on the property
Agriculture has smells and noise that goes beyond the boundary
In rural areas have rural residential development nearby which causes contestation in the landscape
Conclusion
Rural fringe is a key agricultural producer particularly vegetables
Rural Residential Development is a major component of the land use mix
Causing rural land use conflict and threatening the sustainability of food production
Need to recognise this and prepare strategies to address it