Perspective
BasicPerspectiveForDrawing
Perspectiveisoneofthemostimportanttoolsindrawinga3-dimensionalsceneorobjectona
2-dimensionalsurface.
Typesof“Linear”perspective:• Single-(orone-)point
• Two-point• Three-,four-,andfive-point
Typesof“Atmospheric”perspective:• Aerial(Diffusionofdetailandtone)
• Layering(Foreground,tomid,tobackground)• Proportional(Sizerelationship)• Colortemperatureanddetail
Foregroundobjectsareusuallydepictedwithwarmercolors,moretonalrange,highercontrastwithmoredetailanddefinition.Backgroundobjectsareusuallydepictedwithcoolercolors(bluesandgrayedhues),lesstonalrange,andlowercontrastwithlessdetail.
ExampleofAtmosphericandLinearPerspective
ExampleofAtmosphericandLinearPerspective
TypesofPerspective
• Linear1. SinglePoint2. TwoPoint3. ThreePoint
• Atmospheric1. Aerial(AtmosphericDiffusion)2. Layering3. SizeRelationships4. ColorTemperature
Single-PointPerspectiveGrid(Review)Basic1-PointPerspectiveRulesStructurallines,likerooflines,sidewalks,fencelines,furniture,floors,etc.:
Linesmovingtowardthehorizonand/orvanishingpoint(inotherwords,awayfromyou):
• Linesabovethehorizonmovedownwardastheygoawaytowardthehorizon.• Linesbelowthehorizonmoveupwardastheygoawaytowardthehorizon.
Horizontalandverticallinesnotmovingtowardthehorizon:
• Verticalstructurallineslikecornersofbuildings,window/doorcasings,lightpoles,cornersoffurnitureshouldbedrawnstraightupanddowntomeetthetopandbottomoftheconverginglines.• Topsandbottomsofobjects(surfacesorplanes)thatfaceyoushouldbedrawnhorizontal.
Single-PointPerspectiveGrid(Review)Basic1-PointPerspectiveRulesStructurallines,likerooflines,sidewalks,fencelines,furniture,floors,etc.:
Linesmovingtowardthehorizonand/orvanishingpoint(inotherwords,awayfromyou):
• Linesabovethehorizonmovedownwardastheygoawaytowardthehorizon.• Linesbelowthehorizonmoveupwardastheygoawaytowardthehorizon.
Horizontalandverticallinesnotmovingtowardthehorizon:
• Verticalstructurallineslikecornersofbuildings,window/doorcasings,lightpoles,cornersoffurnitureshouldbedrawnstraightupanddowntomeetthetopandbottomoftheconverginglines.• Topsandbottomsofobjects(surfacesorplanes)thatfaceyoushouldbedrawnhorizontal.
LinearPerspective
• SinglePoint• Horizon/EyeLevel• VanishingPoint
LinearPerspective:SinglePoint
• FindingTheGrid
– PerspectiveLines• PerspectiveLine
– Horizon/EyeLevel(EL)• RedLine
– VanishingPoint(VP)• GreenLine
LinearPerspective:SinglePoint
• FindingTheGrid
– PerspectiveLines• PerspectiveLine
– Horizon/EyeLevel(EL)• RedLine
– VanishingPoint(VP)• GreenLine
LinearPerspective:SinglePoint
• FindingTheGrid
– PerspectiveLines• PerspectiveLine
– Horizon/EyeLevel(EL)• RedLine
– VanishingPoint(VP)• GreenLine
LinearPerspective:SinglePoint
• FindingTheGrid
– PerspectiveLines• PerspectiveLine
– Horizon/EyeLevel(EL)• RedLine
– VanishingPoint(VP)• GreenLine
• SinglePointFind:
– PerspectiveLines– EyeLevel(Horizon)– VanishingPoint
• SinglePointFind:
– PerspectiveLines– EyeLevel(Horizon)– VanishingPoint
Whenhorizonlineand/orvanishingpointisoffthepageordifficulttofind:
• Startwithidentifyingyourperspectivelines.• Drawtheminfirst.• Wheretheymeet,thatisyourhorizonlineand
your#1vanishingpoint.
• SinglePointFind:
– PerspectiveLines– EyeLevel(Horizon)– VanishingPoint
Whenhorizonlineand/orvanishingpointisoffthepageordifficulttofind:
• Startwithidentifyingyourperspectivelines.• Drawtheminfirst.
• Wheretheymeet,thatisyourhorizonlineandyour#1vanishingpoint.
• SinglePointFind:
– PerspectiveLines– EyeLevel(Horizon)– VanishingPoint
Whenhorizonlineand/orvanishingpointisoffthepageordifficulttofind:
• Startwithidentifyingyourperspectivelines.• Drawtheminfirst.
• Wheretheymeet,thatisyourhorizonlineandyour#1vanishingpoint.
• SinglePointFind:
– PerspectiveLines– EyeLevel– VanishingPoint
Whenhorizonlineand/orvanishingpointisoffthepageordifficulttofind:
• Startwithidentifyingyourperspectivelines.• Drawtheminfirst.
• Wheretheymeet,thatisyourhorizonlineandyour#1vanishingpoint.
OnePointInteriorPerspective
OnePointInteriorPerspective
• SinglePointFind:
1. PerspectiveLines2. EyeLevel(Horizon)3. VanishingPoint
• SinglePointFind:
1. PerspectiveLines2. EyeLevel(Horizon)3. VanishingPoint
Single-PointPerspectiveGridExercise
Placeyoursingle-pointperspectivegridunderapieceofnewsprint.Makesureyouanseetheconvergingperspectivelinesthroughthepaper.Also,takenoticeoftheHorizonLine(EL)andtheVanishingPoint(VP).
Single-PointPerspectiveGridExercise
Thefollowingstepswillhelpyoudrawtheseboxesinperspective.Pleaserefertoandmemorizetherulesforlines.
Single-PointPerspectiveGridExercise
Drawthetwolinesyouseeinthisexampleonthenewsprint.NoticethatoneisabovetheHorizonLineandoneisbelow.NoticethattheyarebothtwolinesfromtheHorizonLine.Thelengthofthemdoesnotmatter.
Single-PointPerspectiveGridExercise
Drawthetwoverticallinesrepresentingthefrontandbackcornersofthebox.
Single-PointPerspectiveGridExercise
Drawthetwohorizontallinesthatrepresentthetopandbottomofthefrontofthebox.
Single-PointPerspectiveGridExercise
Drawtheverticallinerepresentingtherightsidecornerofthefrontofthebox.
Noticethatthisbox’stopandbottomplanescannotbeseenfromoureyelevel.Theconvergingperspectivelinethatisbelowoureyelevelmovesupwardtowardthevanishingpoint(VP).TheconvergingperspectivelinethatisaboveoureyelevelmovesdownwardastheymoveawayfromustowardtheVP.
Single-PointPerspectiveGridExercise
Buildingtheleftbox:Drawtheside’stopandbottomconvergingperspectivelines.Noticethattheyarebothbelowthehorizonline.Don’tworryaboutthelengthofthem.
Single-PointPerspectiveGridExercise
Nextdrawtheverticallinesthatrepresentthelengthofthebox.
Single-PointPerspectiveGridExercise
Sinceyouhavenoperspectiveguidegrid-lineforthetop’sbackline,youwillneedtodrawonewithouttheguidehelpingyou.PlaceastraightedgethatpivotsofftheVP.HolditontheVPwithyourrighthandandswingtheleftendupanddowntillyouaresatisfiedwiththeplacementofthisline.
Box’stop,backedgeline.
VP
Single-PointPerspectiveGridExercise
Next,drawinthetwoverticallinesthatdefinethefrontandbackcornersofthebox.
Single-PointPerspectiveGridExercise
Next,drawinthetopandbottomhorizontallines.Startattherighthandcornersofthefrontsideanddrawthemtotheleft.Iusedarrowstoshowdirectionsfordrawing.Noticethatthispageisnotwideenough.Yourswillbe.Justadjustthetopconvergingperspectivelinetoconnectwiththehorizontalones.
Single-PointPerspectiveGridExercise
Noticethatunliketheboxontheright,theboxontheleftiscompletelybelowthehorizonline.Therefore,allconvergingperspectivelinesthatmoveawayfromus,moveupwardtowardtheVP.
CreateASingle-PointPerspectiveGridUsingastraightedge,plottheconvergingperspectivelinesandfindthefollowing:• Eyelevel(Horizon)• Vanishingpoint(VP)
Printthissheetoutanddotheexerciseonitbeforemovingtothenextslide.
CreateASingle-PointPerspectiveGridUsingastraightedge,plottheconvergingperspectivelinesandfindthefollowing:• Eyelevel(Horizon)• Vanishingpoint(VP)
CreateASingle-PointPerspectiveGridUsingastraightedge,plottheconvergingperspectivelinesandfindthefollowing:• Eyelevel(Horizon)• Vanishingpoint(VP)
CreateASingle-PointPerspectiveGrid
EyeLevel Horizon
Usingastraightedge,plottheconvergingperspectivelinesandfindthefollowing:• Eyelevel(Horizon)• Vanishingpoint(VP)
CreateASingle-PointPerspectiveGridByplottingtheconvergingperspectivelines,findthefollowing:• Eyelevel(Horizon)• Vanishingpoint(VP)
EyeLevelVP
Horizon
CreateASingle-PointPerspectiveGrid
Printthispageoutanddothisexercise.FindconvergingperspectivelinesFindEyeLevel(Horizon)FindVanishingPoint(VP)
HomeworkAssignment
FindconvergingperspectivelinesFindEyeLevel(Horizon)FindVanishingPoint(VP)
Onaverticalsheetofpaper,startbylocatingyourbasicone-pointgrid.
The,putinyourconvergingperspectivelinesrepresentingtheeasytoseelinesaboveandbelowthehorizon.
Trytofigurethingsinproportiontoeachother.
Don’tworrytoomuchaboutbuildingtone.Thisisaperspectiveexercise.However,ifyoufeelconfidentenoughandhavetime,starttoexperimentwithtone.