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    The Green and Virtual Data Center (The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRCCRC))

    This instructors com anion contains co ri hted material fromthe book The Green and Virtual

    By Greg Schulz - www.storageio.com

    Data Center (CRC) by Greg Schulz as well StorageIO material. Use of this material foreducational classroom instructor purposes is permitted and shall include inclusion of allcopyrights and attributions. Uses for commercial purposes is not permitted without express

    .subsequent use.

    For more information, contact:

    Greg SchulzThe Server and StorageIO Group (StorageIO)

    Stillwater, MN 55082+1 651.275-1563+1 651.430.0502 (Fax)

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Email: [email protected]: 978-1-4200-8666-9

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    The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    ISBN: 978-1-4200-8666-9,Instructors Companion Book Material V1.2 (Sections I, II, III and IV)

    The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)Greg Schulz, Founder & Sr. Analyst -The Server and StorageIO Group

    Copyright 2010 StorageIO Group All rights reserved. www.storageio.com

    . .

    Author The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    And Resilient Storage Networks (Elsevier)

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    Some Back round MaterialSome Back round MaterialWho is Greg Schulz as well as Server and StorageIO? Independent IT Advisor, Author, Blogger and Consultant or e n as a cus omer, as a ven or an en n us ry ana ys

    Provide industry trends and perspectives on IT infrastructure topics Books, articles, tips, reports, videos, podcasts appear globally

    - -

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    storageioblog.com Storageio.com Twitter @storageioBooks

    NewsletterISBN: 978-1-4200-8666-9

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    The Green and Virtual Data CenteThe Green and Virtual Data CenteIT data centers around the world are faced with various

    Enabling Efficient, Effective and Productive IT Computing

    power, coo ng, oo space an assoc ate

    environmental, ecological and economic related issueswhile supporting and sustaining growth without

    availability. IT infrastructure resources configured and

    deployed in a highly virtualized manner can combine

    simplified and cost effective delivery of IT services tomeet application service levels in an environmentallyand economical manne .

    ISBN: 978-1-4200-8666-9

    If this resonates or you need to learn more, then this book and/orpresentation is must learn material for real-world perspectives and in-

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    , ,next generation virtual data center that relies on an underlying physical

    infrastructure.

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    Part IPart I

    Green IT and the Green Gap Real or Virtual?

    Separating Green Wash and IT Green Issues is the Green Gap

    Pay your speeding tickets and parking fines or spend your savings elsewhere

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    Cha ter 1:Cha ter 1: IT Data Center Business Economic and Ecological SustainmentSeparating Green Wash and IT Green Issues is the Green Gap

    The many faces of green IT data centers

    What is the Green gap and Green washing

    How to close the Green gap and address IT issues

    IT data centers dependencies on electrical power y s an rea es per a nng o reen an rea e opcs

    What is Power, Cooling, Floor space/footprint and EH&S (PCFE)

    How to develo a PCFE strate to address common IT issues

    Various techniques, technologies and approaches to IT issues

    Differences between avoiding energy use and being energy efficient

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    What ou are about to see/hear is realWhat ou are about to see/hear is real

    However There Are Different Shades of Being Green

    Green Messaging vs. IT Issues and Challenges Carbon Credits vs. Energy Efficiency Rebates or certificates

    Power Avoidance vs. Improved Energy Efficiency

    Energy vs. Environmental Health and Safety (EHS)

    PCFE and reen issues onl im act lar e or anizations

    Today you can leverage different techniques

    Real results are achievable and affordable to address:

    Power, Cooling, Floor space, Environmental (PCFE) issues

    See www.storageio.comfor the rest of the story

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

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    What Are Different Shades of Green?What Are Different Shades of Green?Addressing Different Requirements and Issues

    -

    Powering down devices when not in use, usage limits

    Consolidation for energy efficiency to avoid waste Larger capacity servers and storage, tiered resources Look at Capacity per kW or Watt, leverage virtualization

    Increase performance doing more with what you have Focus on GHz or MHz or IOPS or Bandwidth per kW or Watt

    coo ng optmzatons pt m ze w at you ave Improve air flow, optimize cabinets and placement

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    Some IT Data Center Issues and TrendsSome IT Data Center Issues and TrendsAddressing Different Requirements and Issues

    Acts of man and acts of nature, human error

    A in infrastructure Hardware, software, networks

    Compliance, BC, DR and related requirements

    Focus on o timization and efficienc

    Consolidate data centers, servers, storage, networks

    Shift from capacity focus to service effectiveness

    Balance ROBO consolidation with data center crowding Virtualized for utilization, cluster for HA & performance

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    See Data Center I/O Performance Issues and Impacts at www.storageio.com/reports

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    Some IT Data Center Issues and TrendsSome IT Data Center Issues and TrendsAddressing Different Requirements and Issues

    Windows and NAS file servers

    Servers, stora e and networks

    More data generated, copied and retained longer

    Ever expanding data footprint with proliferation of dataContinued or growing confusion around:

    Power, cooling and different shades of Green

    Compliance seen only for certain companies

    Connectivit and data access Interface wars V2.007

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    Fast FactsFast FactsInconvenient Truths or Convenient Myths?

    . .

    U.S. Data centers used 1.5% of electricity in the U.S. in 2006IT power consumption about $4.5B USD in 2006

    -On average 50% of IT electricity is for cooling

    Energy costs will vary by:, , , . ,

    (Western vs. eastern coal, petroleum, oil, natural gas, LP, hydro, nuclear,

    thermo, wind)

    . . 2 .A 24 cubic foot refrigerator produces 1.22 tons of CO2 per yearA gallon of gasoline on average generate about 20lbs of CO2

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Note: Actual CO2 emissions will vary depending on mileage, type of use, fuel

    octane level and other variables.

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    Fast FactsFast FactsInconvenient Truths or Convenient Myths?

    Global ecological awareness issues and topicsData centers require access to reliable power

    Supply (fuel cost, production & transmission G&T)

    Demand (more dense data centers) ens y rvng eman an ava a y ssues

    More data being generated, accessed and stored

    Continued increase for servers, storage and networks

    Software in-efficiency impacts efficiencies of solutions

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    Green Ga : Ecolo ical vs. EconomicGreen Ga : Ecolo ical vs. EconomicAreas of Convergence The Many Faces of Green

    Cooling andElectrical Power

    Emissions

    Floor SpacePrimary, Standby Backup

    Environmental Health

    and Safet

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Figure 1.1 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    Green Ga : Ecolo ical vs. EconomicGreen Ga : Ecolo ical vs. EconomicThe Green GapEcological Economic

    Ecological Sales Pitch vs. Economic Sustainment and EHS

    Focus on green-house gasesCarbon credit offsetsEcological sustainment

    Concern with available powerEnergy rebates and certificatesEconomic sustainment

    Cooling andElectr ical Power

    Emissions

    Green

    Save moneyGlobal

    Cost to be green

    Local

    ,

    Environmental Health

    and SafetyLimits on electrical G&TRising energy costs and availabil ity

    Growing data footprintMore servers and storage

    Supply Demand

    Aging and expensive inf rastructureEmission tax schemes regulations Increase density, reduce costRemoval of hazardous substance (RoHS)

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Balancing Act

    See report Analysis of EPA report to Congress at www.storageio.com/reports

    Source: Figure 1.2 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    Economic and Business DriversEconomic and Business Drivers

    Relative Available IT Resources

    Power, Cooling, Floor space, Environmental (PCFE) Constraints

    apac y ons ra ne

    Business Growth InhibitedEconomic Penalties

    Lost O ortunities

    Compute Capacity Storage CapacityI/O Performance (IOPS & Bandwidth)

    Cooling/Distribution Networking PCFE Capacity Threshold Ceiling

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    ervers orage er

    Source: Figure 1.3 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    Economic and Ecolo ical SustainmentEconomic and Ecolo ical Sustainment

    Relative Available IT Resources

    Energy Efficiency Sustains Performance and Capacity Growth

    us a n eman row

    Business Growth EnabledEconomic Improvements

    Ecolo ical Benefits

    Compute Capacity Storage CapacityI/O Performance (IOPS & Bandwidth)

    Time

    Cooling/Distribution Networking PCFE Capacity Threshold Ceiling

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Figure 1.4 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    Green IT Related M ths and RealtiesGreen IT Related M ths and RealtiesThese Are Constantly Changing and Evolving

    Reality: They do, however not in the big picture Reality: However datacenters have dense power needs ea y: a acen ers nee re a e an s a e powe

    Myth: Powering off devices is the silver bullet Reality: However not at expense of performance

    Myth: CO2 emissions is prime focus of energy efficiency

    ea y: can e, owever ere s a suppy an eman ssue Reality: Datacenters have dense power needs Reality: Datacenters need reliable and stable power

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    Green IT Related M ths and RealtiesGreen IT Related M ths and RealtiesThese Are Constantly Changing and Evolving

    Reality: It can be, also for other reasons (supply / demand)

    M th: HW costs more to ower than to bu Reality: Maybe for some components, not for systems yet

    Single low cost HDD with escalating power cost over time

    For example, $10M of hardware needs a $21M new datacenter

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    Areas of Focus and O ortunitAreas of Focus and O ortunit

    cs

    What You Can Do Today and Plan For the Future

    as

    or MoveIssues

    - as e

    EHSRoHS

    Reba

    te

    s/Me

    tri

    Consolidation

    HVAC

    Alternative

    Energyive

    sand

    P

    olici

    Reduce Data

    Footprint

    Boost Energy

    Efficiency

    lIncent

    ticesan

    Energy

    Avoidance

    Tiered

    ServersFinanci

    estPrac

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    BSource: Figure 1.5 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    Develo in a Strate :Develo in a Strate : What are our issuesWhat are our issues

    ivityEnergy Avoidance

    Useful WorkPower Used

    Boost Energy Efficiency Useful Work per Energy Use

    itySome Ener EfficiencUse/Act,

    Decrease Amount of Useful WorkDecrease Energy Used Time

    PoorEfficiency Gap

    U

    se/Activ

    Faster Components, Same Power

    Increase Amount of Useful Work

    Same Amount Energy Used Improved (Better)

    se/ActivitySome Energy E iciency

    Lower Power-Draw Components

    Same Useful Work Done

    Efficiency and Economic Gap

    /ActivityMore Energy Efficiency

    Faster Components/Less Power

    Increase Amount Useful Work

    Very Good

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    UsDecrease Energy Used

    Source: Figure 1.6 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    Develo in a Strate :Develo in a Strate : What are our issuesWhat are our issuesBoost Energy Efficiency Useful Work per Energy UseEnergy Scenario Description and Usage ScenarioEner avoidance Avoid or decrease the amount of work or activit to be done to eliminate ener

    usage. On the surface it is appealing to simply turn everything off and avoid

    energy usage which for some items including lights or video monitors orpersonal computers is a good practice. However, not all IT resources lend

    work when and where needed.Do the same work

    with less energy

    Reduce energy usage performing the same amount of work or storing the

    same amount of data per unit of energy used with no productivity improvement.This can be a stepping stone to doing more with less.

    Do more work withexisting energy

    Fit into an existing available energy footprint while doing more useful work orstoring more data to improve on efficiency. While energy usage does not

    ,

    activity performed for a given amount of energy used.Do more work with

    less energyReduce energy consumption boosting productivity and energy efficiency doingmore work, storing more information in a given footprint using less energy and

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Figure 1.7 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    related cooling. An analogy would be improved miles per gallon for a distancetraveled to boost energy efficiency for active work.

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    Cha ter 1 Summar and NotesCha ter 1 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    ere are rea ngs a can e one o ay an can e e ec ve owar s

    achieving a balance of performance, availability, capacity and energyeffectiveness to meet particular application and service needs.

    Sustaining for economic and ecological purposes can be achieved by

    balancing performance, availability, capacity and energy (PACE) to applicableapp ca on servce eve an p ysca oor space cons rans aong wintelligent power management.

    nergy economcs s ou e cons ere as muc a s raegc resource par oIT data centers as are servers, storage, networks, software and persona.

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    Cha ter 1 Summar and NotesCha ter 1 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    e n us ry s s ng rom e rs wave o awareness an green ype o

    the second wave of delivering and adopting more efficient and effectivesolutions.

    However, as parts of the industry shift towards closing the green gap,

    stragglers and late comers will continue to message and play to the first waveemes resu ng n some sconnec or e oreseea e uure.

    Meanwhile, a third wave addressing future and emerging technologies will

    con nue o evove a ng o e conuson o w a can e one o ay asopposed to what be able to be done in the future.

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    Cha ter 1 Summar and NotesCha ter 1 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    ou eec rca power, aa ceners come o a . sng ue prces,

    strained generating and transmission facilities for electrical power and agrowing awareness of environmental issues are forcing business to look atPCFE issues.

    IT data centers to support and sustain business growth, including storing andprocessng more aa, nee o everage energy e cency as a means oaddressing PCFE issues.

    y a op ng e ec ve sou ons, economc vaue can e ac eve w pos veecological results while sustaining business growth.

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    Cha ter 1 Summar and NotesCha ter 1 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    eanw e, a r wave a ressng uure an emergng ec nooges w

    continue to evolve adding to the confusion of what can be done today asopposed to what be able to be done in the future.

    Without electrical power, IT data centers come to halt. Rising fuel prices,

    strained generating and transmission facilities for electrical power and agrowng awareness o envronmena ssues are orcng usness o oo aPCFE issues. IT data centers to support and sustain business growth,including storing and processing more data, need to leverage energy

    efficiency as a means of addressing PCFE issues. By adopting effectivesolutions, economic value can be achieved with positive ecological resultswhile sustaining business growth.

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    Cha ter 1 Summar and NotesCha ter 1 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    epen ng on e reae c a enges eng ace , ere are severa

    general approaches that can be adopted individually or in combination as partof a green initiative strategy in how a business is operated and for the goodsor services delivered to customers.

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    Cha ter 1 Summar and NotesCha ter 1 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    enera ac on ems ncu e:

    o Learn about and comply with various environmental health and safety (EHS) regulations

    o Partici ate in rec clin ro rams includin safe dis osal of e-waste of old technolo

    o Reduce GHGs, CO2, NO2, water vapors and other emissions

    o In lieu of energy efficient improvements, buy carbon emissions offset credits for complianceo Comply with existing and emerging emissions tax schemes legislation and clean air acts

    o Increase awareness of energy usage and IT productivity to shift to an energy efficient model

    o mprove energy usage an e cency w e everagng renewa e or green energy sources

    o Mask or move PCFE buying carbon emissions offsets, outsourcing or relocating IT facilities

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    o Identify archive in-active data, delete data no longer needed for compliance or other uses

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    Cha ter 1 Summar and NotesCha ter 1 Summar and NotesWhere to learn more

    www.storageio.com and www.storageioblog.com Various videos, webcasts, podcasts, articles, presentations, tips and

    Suggested items include:o California Center for Sustainable Energy (CCSE) http://storageioblog.com/?p=1073o

    Closing the Green Gap http://storageioblog.com/?p=70o Determinin Com uter or Server Ener Us htt ://stora eioblo .com/? =53o Closing the Green Gap: WSRADIO Internet Radio Interview http://storageioblog.com/?p=519

    - -

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    storageioblog.com Storageio.com Twitter @storageioBooks

    NewsletterISBN: 978-1-4200-8666-9

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    Cha ter 2:Cha ter 2:Energy Efficient and Ecological Friendly IT Data Centers

    Pay your speeding tickets and parking fines or spend your savings

    Identification of various issues that impact PCFE resource availability Why achieving energy efficiency is important to sustain IT growth and

    business productivity

    How electrical power is generated, transmitted and used in typical

    data centers

    How electrical power is measured and charges determined

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    Closin the Green GaClosin the Green GaAsking the right questions can help close the Green Gap

    rans on owar s a ressng reae ssues. n o er wor s, nsg no ow

    infrastructure resources arebeing used to meet acceptable delivery and service levels isparamount. For example, instead of asking if there is a green mandate or initiative, try

    Does the data center currently have a power issue or anticipate one in the next 18-24 months?

    Does the IT data center have enough primary and backup power capacity?

    How much power does the data center consume?

    How much of that power goes to cooling, lighting and other facility overhead items?

    w u w u v , w

    Is power constrained due to facility, local substation, or lack of generating capability?

    What floor space constraints exist and are there adequate cooling capabilities for growth?

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    an energy usage e a gne o eve o servce e vere or amoun o norma on s ore

    What hazardous substances and materials exist in the data center?

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    Economic and Business DriversEconomic and Business DriversDemand Exceeding Supply Cost and Availability of Electrical Power

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: U.S. EPA

    Source: Figure 2.1 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    Green Ga : Green Stories vs. IT IssuesGreen Ga : Green Stories vs. IT Issues

    IT Data Center Typical Power Consumption

    An Issue is Reliable Power Availability (Supply) vs. Demand

    Tape DriveExternal Storage

    Library(All Tiers)50-60% 48-50%

    80%50% of power for cool ing

    These are typical relative values.

    Your usage will vary based on:

    15-20x denser power needs

    48% 37-40% Size and scale of IT environment Appl ication and workload types Storage capacity vs. I/O centric

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Servers Storage

    (Disk & Tape)

    Network

    (SAN/LAN/WAN)

    Other.

    Types and ages of equipment

    Management approaches Source: Figure 2.2 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    North American Electrical Power GridNorth American Electrical Power GridAn Issue is Reliable Power Availability (Supply) vs. Demand

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    North American Electrical Power Grid www.nerc.com

    Source: Figure 2.3 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    Electrical Power G & T (Distribution)Electrical Power G & T (Distribution)An Issue is Reliable Power Availability (Supply) vs. Demand

    High RiseOffice BuildingElectrical Power Generating andTransmission (G & T)

    High Voltage

    Transmission Lines

    LocalDistribution

    SubstationStep-Down

    IT Data CentePower Plant

    Generatin Station

    Step-UpTransformer

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Figure 2.4 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    IT Data Center Consumers of ElectricitIT Data Center Consumers of ElectricitAn Issue is Reliable Power Availability (Supply) vs. Demand

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    Source: Figure 2.5 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    Ener consum tion costsEner consum tion costsAnnual costs for various levels of energy consumption

    Power Use

    per kWh

    per kWh

    per kWh

    per kWh

    per kWh

    per kWh

    , , ,

    10 kWh $4,380 $7,010 $8,060 $10,510 $13,140 $17,520

    100 kWh $43,800 $70,100 $80,600 $105,100 $131,400 $175,200

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Table 2.1 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    What You Can Do TodaWhat You Can Do Toda

    Obtain as well as leverage financial incentives and rebates

    Database of State Incentives for Renewable & Efficiency (DSIRE) Rebates and savings for energy efficiency oravoidance

    er ca es or e c ency or comp ance exs s

    Low cost loans and financing for energy improvements

    Various programs around the U.S. and globally

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    http://www.dsireusa.org

    Source: Figure 2.6 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    What You Can Do TodaWhat You Can Do Toda

    Obtain as well as leverage financial incentives and rebates

    US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) power portal site

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    . .

    Source: Figure 2.7 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    What You Can Do TodaWhat You Can Do Toda

    Leverage various approaches for different requirements

    , ,

    Consolidation

    Virtualization and AggregationReduce Data Footprint Archive, Compression, De-dupl ication

    Tiered Storage RAID, SSD, Fast/Fat Disks, Optical, Tape

    Energy Avoidance Power Down, MAID, IPM

    , ,

    HVAC, Alternate Power Hot/Cold Aisles, CRAC, Co-generation

    E-Waste and Hazmat RoHS, Recycl ing, WEEE, EHS

    Financial Incentives Rebates and Incentives for EfficiencyMetrics/Measurements Provide insight into energy effectiveness

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    AVS =Adaptive Voltage Scaling IPM =Intelligent Power Management

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    What You Can Do TodaWhat You Can Do Toda

    -

    Leverage various approaches for different requirements

    , ,

    Cabinets and conversion Improved cooling for cabinets, better power conversionPower down equipment Power off, leverage variable power modes, sleepy drives

    Technology replacement Leverage faster, more energy efficiency technology

    Tiered storage Cache/SSD/Flash/RAM, HHDD, fat disks, fast disks, tape

    Improve performance Consol idate with faster technology and boost performanceLeverage fat drives Use larger capacity drives at expense of performance

    Distr ibute workload Leverage cluster ing to distr ibute storage and processing

    -, , , ,

    Different RAID levels Reduce number of drives to save on power consumption

    Management tools Thin provision, replication to sites with more power

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    nanc a ncent ves nergy re ates or e c ent tec no ogy, car on o sets

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    Cha ter 2 Summar and NotesCha ter 2 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    cton tems suggeste n t s c apter ncu e:

    o Gain insight how electrical power is used to determine an energy efficiency baseline

    o Explore incentives for conducting data center energy efficiency assessments

    o Look at alternative energy options, balancing economic and environmental concerns

    o Review home and business electric utility bills to learn about power usage and costs

    o Learn more about the various regulations related to environmental health and safety

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    Cha ter 2 Summar and NotesCha ter 2 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    t er ta eaways rom t s c apter ncu e:

    o Energy avoidance may involve powering down equipment

    o Virtualization today is for consolidation

    o Energy incentives can be available for energy avoidance and energy efficiency

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    Cha ter 2 Summar and NotesCha ter 2 Summar and NotesWhere to learn more

    www.storageio.com and www.storageioblog.com Various videos, webcasts, podcasts, articles, presentations, tips and

    Suggested items include:o Green IT Confusion Continues, Opportunities Missed! http://storageioblog.com/?p=598o Green IT, Green Gap, Tiered Energy and Green Myths http://storageioblog.com/?p=1107o Green IT Power Ener and Related Tools or Calculator htt ://the reenandvirtualdatacenter.com/calculator.htmlo Green IT and Virtual Data Centers http://storageioblog.com/?p=850

    - -

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    storageioblog.com Storageio.com Twitter @storageioBooks

    NewsletterISBN: 978-1-4200-8666-9

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    What You Can Do Toda : ScenariosWhat You Can Do Toda : Scenarios

    -

    Mask or move the issues or problems

    Enables compliance for energy trading schemes (ETS) Buys time until efficiency (ecological & economic) achieved Adds cost to business when not art of com liance Does not address energy efficiency, rather a deferral

    Full and Complete Outsource

    Leverage Managed Service Providers (MSP) Variation of complete outsource, move some aspects of IT

    u ew ac tes an or e ocaton Expensive and time consuming, strategic vs. tactical Part of solution when combined with other techniques

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    What You Can Do Toda : ScenariosWhat You Can Do Toda : ScenariosRoHS, WEEE, Environmental Health Safety (EHS)

    Perhaps not seen as a money maker by some vendors Perhaps seen as more of a cost of doing business by others

    Does your data center have hazardous substances? Batteries for cached memories in storage or servers

    How are you disposing of retired IT equipment Security addressing digital destruction of data Recyc ng va c arta e venues o certa n equpment Disposal via service meeting regulatory requirements

    Some are prepaid, some are fee based, some are neutral

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

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    What You Can Do Toda : ScenariosWhat You Can Do Toda : ScenariosAsset management and technology disposal or recycling

    RoHS Removal of Hazardous Substances (RoHS Levels)Lead, mercury and other containments or chemicals as e o ec rca an ec ronc qupmenJ -MOSS, J EITA and J EDEC J -STD-020C

    ELV End-of-life Vehicles Directive Electronics Waste Recycling Act o 2003 S.B. 20/50

    When talking to vendors about Green, ask them:

    What are some of their metrics and accomplishments How much water, paper, other resources recycled

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    Part IIPart II

    Next Generation Data Centers Toda

    Virtual Datacenters Enable Data Mobility, Resiliency and IT Efficiency

    aper n ras rucure esource anagemenYou cant go forward if you cannot go back - Jerry Graham IT Pro.

    Chapter 5 Measurement, Metrics and Management of IT ResourcesYou cant manage what you dont know about or have insight into

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    Cha ter 3:Cha ter 3: What Defines a Next Generation and Virtual DatacentersVirtual Datacenters Enable Data Mobility, Resiliency and IT Efficienc

    What defines a green and virtual data center How virtualization can be a lied to servers stora e and networks

    The many faces of server, storage, and networking virtualization

    Leveraging virtualization beyond consolidation

    Components and capabilities that comprise a virtual data center

    Transforming existing into next-generation virtual data centers

    Various techniques, technologies and approaches to IT issues

    Differences between avoiding energy use and being energy efficient

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    Virtual Data Centers Ph sical ResourcesVirtual Data Centers Ph sical Resources

    VolCD

    \\SharedC1

    Resources include servers, networks, storage and facilities

    Web Email File SQL Mainframes, Open

    EmailMessagingDatabase, DSS

    CAD, EDA,Development

    SpreadsheetsPPTs, PDFsBilling, e-tailFile Serving

    VolCC

    Video/Audio

    Virtual Server Environment

    Linux

    VM

    Windows

    VM

    Windows

    VM

    Windows

    VMSystems, Local, andRemote

    Networks

    Replicate

    Shared Storage

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Networks

    Source: Figure 3.1 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

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    Tenets of Green and Virtual Data CentersTenets of Green and Virtual Data Centers

    Common Characteristics and Capabilities

    ex e, scaa e, sa e, ag e, an g y res en or se - ea ng sysems

    Quick adaptation and leverage of technology improvements

    ransparency o app ca ons an aa rom p ysca resources

    Efficient operation without loss of performance or increased cost complexity

    nvronmena y ren y an energy e cen ye economca o manan

    Highly automated and seen as information factories as opposed to cost centers

    easurea e w mercs an repor ng o gauge rea ve e ec veness

    Secure from various threat risks without impeding productivity

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    Different Facets of VirtualizationDifferent Facets of Virtualization

    VolCD

    VolCC

    \\SharedC1

    Consolidation, Aggregation, Emulation and Transparency

    Consolidation of Multiple SystemsBoost Utilization of Servers or Storage Scaling Beyond Limits of Single SystemScale Up & Out for Performance & High Availability

    MessagingDatabase, DSS, ,

    Development PPTs, PDFsBilling, e-tailFile ServingVideo/Audio

    Applications Workloads Need More ResourcesOpposite of Consolidated Scenarios

    Virtualization for Management Transparency

    WebApp

    Linux

    VM

    Email

    Windows

    VM

    File

    Windows

    VM

    Apps

    Windows

    VM VM

    Clustering or Grid Infrastructure

    VM

    UnixUnix Load Balancing

    Migration

    Virtual InfrastructureMulti Core

    Processors

    Virtual InfrastructureMigration

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Disk StorageDAS, SAN, or NAS

    Source: Figure 3.2 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    d d i

    d d i

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    Industr Trends: Com ute ContinuumIndustr Trends: Com ute Continuum

    Cell Phones PDAs Pocket PCs

    We Are In A Consolidation Phase (Again!)

    Desktop PCs & Laptops

    From Desktop to Laptop x86 and VMs

    Converged Phones & Computers

    -range ervers

    MainframesFrom Proprietary to x86 & Hypervisors & Open

    LPARs/VMs Open Networking Native Linux

    Distribute Distribute Distribute

    ServiceBureau

    1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010sInfo

    Utilities Mana ed(SaaS) Software or Storage as a Service

    Grid, Cloud,

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    xSPs ServiceProviders

    Web 2.0Out-source & In-sourceClient Server

    Source: Figure 3.3 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    I d T d C C i

    I d T d C C i

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    Industr Trends: Com ute ContinuumIndustr Trends: Com ute ContinuumServer, Storage Capacity and I/O Performance Gap

    Processor to diskstorage capacity

    rmanc

    to I/O performance gapPerf

    TimeServer processor performance curve

    Disk stora e ca acit curve

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Disk storage performance curve (IOPS)

    Source: Figure 3.4 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    C IRM ti itiC IRM ti iti

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    Common IRM activitiesCommon IRM activities

    Infrastructure Resource Management (IRM)

    anagng resources servers, sorage, newor s, ar ware, so ware, aa

    Logical and physical security, including rights management and encryption Asset mana ement includin confi uration mana ement databases

    Change control and management, configuration validation management tools

    Data protection management (business continuity and disaster recovery)

    er ormance an capac y pannng an managemen oos

    Data search and classification tools for structured and unstructured data

    High-availability and automated sel -healing infrastructures

    Data footprint reduction, including archiving, compression, and de-duplication Planning and analysis, event correlation, and diagnostics

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Policies and procedures, including best practices and usage template models

    Ch t 3 S d N tCh

    t 3 S d N t

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    Cha ter 3 Summar and NotesCha ter 3 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    reen an nex -genera on vr ua aa ceners s ou e g y e cen ,

    flexible, resilient, and environmentally friendly while economical to operate.Current focus is on virtualization from a consolidation perspective, but in thefuture there will be even more opportunities for IT environments to adapt theirprocesses, techniques, and technologies to sustain business growth and

    enhance application service delivery experience while reducing costs withoutcompromising performance, availability, or ability to store and process moreinformation.

    management and support tasks, including data protection, maintenance, andload-balancing for seasonal and transient project-oriented application

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    .

    Ch t 3 S d N tCh

    t 3 S d N t

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    Cha ter 3 Summar and NotesCha ter 3 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    e ven or w o conros an manages e vr ua za on so ware, w e er on

    a server, storage, or in the network, controls the vendor lock-in or stickiness.If you are looking to virtualization to eliminate vendor lock-in, it is important tomake sure you understand what lock-in is being left and what lock-in will be inits place.

    - , , ,stability offered by a solution outweigh any real or perceived risks or issues.Bad technology and tools in the wrong hands for the wrong tasks make for a

    ,

    wrong tasks make for a not-so-good solution. The goal is to put good tools andtechniques in the right hands for the right tasks to make an enabling and good

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    .

    Cha ter 3 Summar and NotesCha

    ter 3 Summar and Notes

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    Cha ter 3 Summar and NotesCha ter 3 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    e ea s o everage vr ua za on ec nooges n e orm o a s rac on

    and transparency or emulation combined with tiered servers, tiered storage,and tiered networks to align the right technology to the task at hand at aparticular time.

    Start to fix the problems instead of moving them around or bouncing from

    site. You can get management of an increasing amount of data and resourcesunder control, and you can do more work with less energy while supporting

    .

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Cha ter 3 Summar and NotesCha

    ter 3 Summar and Notes

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    Cha ter 3 Summar and NotesCha ter 3 Summar and NotesWhere to learn more

    www.storageio.com and www.storageioblog.com Various videos, webcasts, podcasts, articles, presentations, tips and

    Suggested items include:o Green IT and Virtual Data Centers http://storageioblog.com/?p=850o Should Everything Be Virtualized? http://storageioblog.com/?p=719

    o The vPad htt ://thev ad.com/o Virtualization: Life beyond consolidation http://storageioblog.com/?p=426

    - -

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    storageioblog.com Storageio.com Twitter @storageioBooks

    NewsletterISBN: 978-1-4200-8666-9

    Cha ter 4:Cha ter 4: IT I f t t R M t (IRM)

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    Cha ter 4:Cha ter 4: IT Infrastructure Resource Management (IRM)You cant go forward if you cannot go back - Jerry Graham IT Pro.

    What infrastructure resource management (IRM) is Wh IRM is an im ortant art of a virtual data cente

    How IRM differs from data and information life-cycle managemen

    Data protection options for virtualized environments

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    Best Practices: Virtual Data CentersBest Practices: Virtual Data Centers

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    Best Practices: Virtual Data CentersBest Practices: Virtual Data CentersManaging IT Resources Across Technology Domains

    Infrastructure Resource ManagementFunctions and Activi ties

    Namespace and virtualizationProcesses and ToolsProcesses and Tools

    Measurements and metrics Monitoring and reporting Modeling, analysis, planning

    Resource usage and allocation Performance and capacity planning Thin provisioning and purposing Diagnostic and resolution Change & configuration validation Data protection and footprint reduction Policy management and service levels Facilities and asset management Lo ical and h sical securit

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    Procurement and disposition

    Source: Figure 4.1 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Protectin Data on Virtual ServersProtectin Data on Virtual Servers

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    Protectin Data on Virtual ServersProtectin Data on Virtual Servers

    Data Protection

    Agent-Based Backup over a LAN

    LAN, MAN, or WANData Movement

    Tools

    WebApp

    Linux

    Email

    Windows

    File

    Linux

    Apps

    UNIX

    BackupServer

    Virtual Infrastructure

    VTL / Disk Library

    Agent or

    ClientMigration

    (Block or File) Tape Devices

    Disk Storage Encryption, Compression, &De-duplication

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide Source: Figure 4.2 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Protectin Data on Virtual ServersProtectin Data on Virtual Servers

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    Protectin Data on Virtual ServersProtectin Data on Virtual ServersVMware VCB Proxy-Based Backup Example

    Data Protection

    LAN, MAN, or WAN

    Agents, Snapshots,

    Replication, Application

    Aware, HA, BC and DR

    Tools

    WebApp

    Linux

    Email

    Windows

    File

    Linux

    Apps

    UNIX

    BackupServer

    Data Movementover SAN or DAS

    Migration

    Virtual InfrastructureProcessing

    VTL / Disk Library(Block or File) Tape Devices

    Disk Storage

    Vol A Replication, Mirroring,

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Vol DVol C

    , ,De-duplication

    Source: Figure 4.3 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Protectin Data on Virtual ServersProtectin Data on Virtual Servers

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    Protectin Data on Virtual ServersProtectin Data on Virtual ServersData Replication for High Availability (HA) and Data Protection

    BladeServer

    Virtual Servers Virtual Servers

    Primary Site BC/DR Site

    Replication

    VTL / Disk Libraryor Storage System

    Encryption, Compression,& De-duplication

    VTL / Disk Libraryor Storage System

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide Source: Figure 4.4 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Protectin Data on Virtual ServersProtectin Data on Virtual Servers

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    Protectin Data on Virtual ServersProtectin Data on Virtual Servers

    Ta e Librar

    BackupServer

    Primary Site BC/DR SiteLocal and Remote Data Protection

    Serverrtua ervers

    Compression andDeduplication

    Storage System

    BackupServer

    SAN or NASDisk Storage

    Data Protection

    Management

    Tools

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Remote Site CRemote Site BRemote Site A

    Source: Figure 4.5 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Data and Stora e Mana ementData and Stora e Mana ement

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    Data and Stora e Mana ementData and Stora e Mana ement

    Feed alerts to third-partyframeworks such as Patrol and

    Key Performance Indicators,Resource Usage, and Account ing

    Managing IT Resources Across Technology Domains

    Predefined and customreports and displays

    Alerts and notification(Email, GUI, XML, SNMP, API)

    Presentation

    rans ormat on

    Analytics, planning,event, activity, and

    Business andapplication-aware

    Cross-Domaininformation collection

    Application and

    n rastructureResource

    Repository orCMDB / PMDB

    BackupServersNetworks Servers

    Collection

    objectives

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    IT Resource and Information Technology Domains

    Source: Figure 4.6 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Cha ter 4 Summar and NotesCha

    ter 4 Summar and Notes

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    Cha ter 4 Summar and NotesCha ter 4 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    ere are many ven ors w sou ons o a ress varous aspecs o

    infrastructure resource management (IRM) in a physical or virtual data center.Examples include BMC, Brocade, Cisco, Egenera, EMC, Emerson, HP, IBM,LSI, Microsoft, NetApp, Novell, Opalis, Racemi, Scalent, Sun, Symantec,Teamquest, Tek-Tools, Uptime, Vizoncore, and VMware, among others.

    transparency are becoming well understood, as are the issues associated withprotecting data in virtualized server environments.

    There are many options to meet different recovery time objective and recoverypoint objective requirements. Virtualized server environments or infrastructureshave varying functionalities and interfaces for application aware integration to

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    enable complete and comprehensive data protection with data andtransactional integrity.

    Cha ter 4 Summar and NotesCha

    ter 4 Summar and Notes

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    Cha ter 4 Summar and NotesCha ter 4 Summar and Notes

    Key points and take away items

    com na on o ape- an s - ase aa proec on, ncu ng arc vng or

    data preservation, coupled with a data footprint reduction strategy, can help toaddress power, cooling, floor space, and environmental needs and issues.

    There is no time like the present to reassess, re-architect, and reconfigure yourdata protection environment, particularly if you are planning on or have already

    .

    Virtual server environments require real and physical data protection. After all,you cannot go forward from a disaster or loss of data if you cannot go back to aparticular point in time and recover, restore, and restart, regardless of yourbusiness or organization size.

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Cha ter 4 Summar and NotesCha

    ter 4 Summar and Notes

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    Cha ter 4 Summar and NotesCha ter 4 Summar and NotesWhere to learn more

    www.storageio.com and www.storageioblog.com Various videos, webcasts, podcasts, articles, presentations, tips and

    Suggested items include:o Clouds and Common sense Data Protection (CDP) http://storageioblog.com//?p=704o Data Protection Options for Virtual Servers http://storageio.com/Reports/StorageIO_WP_DataProtect_Aug20_2009.pdf

    o http://storageio.com/Reports/IndustryPerspective_LongTermTape_Mar18_2009.pdfo Business Benefits of Policy Based Dedupe http://storageio.com/Reports/IndustryPerspective_PolicyDepe_Oct29_2008.pdf

    - -

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    storageioblog.com Storageio.com Twitter @storageioBooks

    NewsletterISBN: 978-1-4200-8666-9

    Cha ter 5:Cha ter 5: Measurement, Metrics & Management of IT Resources

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    Cha ter 5:Cha ter 5: Measurement, Metrics & Management of IT ResourcesYou cant manage what you dont know about or have insight into

    Why metrics and measurements are important for understandinghow IT resources are used

    How to ensure that required resources are available

    Key tenets of metrics and benchmarks for different use scenarios

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    Storage & Networking Measurement Points of Interest

    Certification Evaluate/Buy Acceptance IRM Activities

    -

    Customer

    es ng ompara ve ns a a on ngo ng pera ons seDevelopment Compete Diagnostics Support/Diagnostics/TuningVendor

    Data in Flight

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Active or Idle

    Source: Figure 5.1 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    Cate ories

    Messaging Efficiency: Different Categories and Activities

    Usage Cases

    Price Bands

    ow easureEasy to UseReflective of

    Diversity of Storage

    v , .

    Needs to

    Best Practices

    Be Applicable

    to UsageModel

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Figure 5..2 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    IT Resource and Service Points of Interest for Metrics

    Business Applications Business and Service Rules & Objectives

    IT Resource Mana ement

    pera ng e

    Systems

    Hypervisors/VMs &

    Reporting, Analysis, ActionServers

    Connectivity

    Facility-wide Metrics

    Storage Systems /

    Appliances

    Facili ties & Site

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Resources

    Source: Figure 5..3 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    Different Metrics for Various Purposes and Focus Areas

    Performance, Availability, Capacity, Energy (PACE) PACE per PCFE Footprint and Density vs. Cost

    Address Different Price Bands / Market Segments Enterprise, Mid-Range, SMB, SOHO

    Active (working), Idle (no work), Energy Saving Mode Activity (IOPS, Bandwidth) for storage systems w v y

    Address Different Audiences Vendors En ineerin /R&D Develo ment /A Com ete

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    IT Organizations Comparison, Ongoing Use/Efficiency

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    Storage & Networking Measurement Points of Interest

    PUE Power Usage

    Effectiveness

    Green Grid (GG) metrics of ratio of power used to

    run IT equipment (Total facility power / Total ITequipment power) in data center

    DCiE Data Center Efficienc (GG) Ratio of data center infrastructure efficiencypower consumption independent of workload

    Productivity consumed (Useful Work / Facility Power)

    Activity orWork per

    Useful work peramount of energy

    Performance such as performance IOPS,bandwidth, transactions per watt, similar to MPG

    moving data.

    IOPS per watt, bandwidth per watt

    Densityper

    Measure floor spaceusage effectiveness

    Capacity / footprint, Performance / footprint, Energy/ footprint, Cost per footprint. Active & idle storage,

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    footprint data in flight for networks.

    See www.storageio.com/metrics.htm for addit ional examples

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    Measuring and Comparing IT Resource Usage over Time

    IT Resource Usage Compared to Forecast over Time

    Jan Feb Mar Apr JuneMay Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

    Capacity ThresholdAvailable Capacity

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Figure 5.4 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    Various power, cooling, footprint and Green IT related metrics

    Amps / VoltsThe flow rate of electricity, for example 144 watts / 12 volts =

    12 ampsAnnual kWh kWh x 24 x 365 Amount of energy used in kWh in a year

    BandwidthBytes moved persecond

    easure o ow muc aa s move n a gven meramesuch as per second. Used for measuring storage system as

    well as network data in-flight performance

    Heat enerated in an hour from usin ener in British. Thermal Units. 12,000 BTU/hour equates to 1 ton of coolingCO2

    EmissionAvg. 1.341 lbs per kWhof electricity generated

    The amount of average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions fromgenerating an average kWh of electricity

    IOPS

    Second

    , ,

    requests or activity in a given time frame such as per second

    Joule 1 watt per secondRate at which energy is used per second with one watt hourbeing equivalent to 3,600joules. 1 kwh represents 3,600,000

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    joules, or 1,000 joules per second.

    Source: Table 5.1 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    Various power, cooling, footprint and Green IT related metrics

    kVAVolts x Amp / 1000 or

    kW / power-factor

    Number of kilovolt-amperes

    kW kVA x power-factor Power factor is the energy efficiency of a piece of equipmentz or z ega er z ga er z n caor o processor coc spee

    Power factor(pf)

    Efficiency of powerconversion

    Measure of how effectively power is used and converted bypower supplies. Power supplies that are 80 percent efficiency

    or better ma be referred to as 80 lus.U or RackUnit (RU)

    1U = 1.75 EIA metric describing height of IT equipment in racks units

    VA/Volt-Volts x Amps Power can be expressed in Volt-Amperes

    Volts orVoltage / Amps The amount of force on electrons as a measurement ofelectricity as AC or DCAmps x Volts or Unit of electrical energy power to accomplish some amount

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    multiple Btu/hr x 0.293 of work.

    Source: Table 5.1 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    IRM counting schemes for servers, storage and networks

    Binary Number of Bytes Decimal Number of Bytes Abbreviation, , , ,

    Mega 1,048,576 1,000,000M, Mi, bebiGiga 1,073,741,824 1,000,000,000G, Gi, gibiTera 1,099,511,627,776 1,000,000,000,000T, Ti, tebiPeta 1,125,899,906,842,620 1,000,000,000,000,000P, Pi, pebiExa 1,152,921,504,606,850,000 1,000,000,000,000,000,000E, Ei, exbiZetta 1,180,591,620,717,410,000,000 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000Z, Zi, zebi

    , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Table 5.2 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    I/O and Performance Response Time Impact on Efficiency

    Response time and latency

    degrades as workload or,

    resulting in delays Workload

    nseTim

    ccepta e esponse

    Time ThresholdResp

    Bad Performance

    Good Performance

    Activity or workload (IOPS, transactions, messages, etc.)

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Figure 5.5 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    Seasonal workload sur es to dotted line and

    Measuring I/O Bottlenecks and Peak Workload Activity

    resulting I/O performance bottlenecks (solid line)

    ime

    sponse

    a er ormanceGood PerformanceR

    Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

    Act ivi ty or workload (IOPS, transact ions, messages, etc.)

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Threshold for acceptable performance for response time

    Source: Figure 5.6 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    IT Resources (Server, Storage and Networking) Example

    Server ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Totals

    8 12 64 16 16 4 8 32 Avg. I/O Size (KB) 20KB50 550 250 1,100 500 1,500 800 250 Avg. I/O Rate 5,000

    0.4 6.4 15.6 17.2 7.8 5.9 6.3 7.8 Avg. Transfer Rate 67.4

    Adapters

    Switch

    Storage

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Figure 5.7 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    Activity Metrics for Server, Storage and Networking Example

    Detail from revious slide

    Server 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TotalAvera e watts er server 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 640

    I/O Size Kbyte 8 12 64 16 16 4 8 32I/O Rate per sec. 50 550 250 1,100 500 1,500 800 250 5,000

    Bandwidth (Kbyte/sec) 400 6,600 16,000 17,600 8,000 6,000 6,400 8,000 69,000

    per wa . . . . . . . .

    Bandwidth per watt 0.5 8.3 20.0 22.0 10.0 7.5 8.0 10.0

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Table 5.3 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    Availability and Reliability Related Items

    Term or Acronym Description

    AFR Annual failure rate measured or estimated failures per year

    va a t e amount or percentage o t me a system a e an rea y to wor

    MTBF Mean Time Between Failures measured or estimated reliability

    RPO Recovery point objective to where data can be restored to

    RTO Recovery time objective when recovery data is usable again

    MTTR Mean Time To Repair or Replace failed item back into service

    Reliability Systems function as expected when expected with confidence

    Outage Systems or sub-systems are not available for use or to perform work

    Scheduled downtime Planned downtime for maintenance, replacement, and upgrades

    Un-scheduled Un-planned downtime for emergency repair or maintenance

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Table 5.4 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Metrics and MeasurementsMetrics and Measurements

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    Determining Performance and other Measurements

    Activityper Second

    StorageDevices

    Transient or Pass-Thru Data Traffic

    NetworkSwitch

    User Client orWorkstation

    ApplicationServer

    (Examples include among others: Frames, Packets, IOPS, Messages,Transactions, Files, Mbytes, Mbits )

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Source: Figure 5.8 The Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC)

    Cha ter 5 Summar and NotesCha

    ter 5 Summar and Notes

    K i d k i

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    Key points and take away items

    r ua aa ceners requre p ysca resources o unc on e cen y an n agreen or environmentally friendly manner.

    , ,capacity, and energy (PACE) usage to deliver various IT services.

    Understanding the relationship between different resources and how they are

    used is important to gauge improvement and productivity as well as datacenter efficiency. For example, while the cost per raw terabyte may seemrelatively inexpensive, the cost for I/O response time performance needs to beconsidered for active data.

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Cha ter 5 Summar and NotesCha

    ter 5 Summar and Notes

    K i t d t k it

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    Key points and take away items

    avng enoug resources o suppor usness an app ca on nee s sessential to a resilient storage network.

    ,performance can be negatively impacted. Poor metrics and information canlead to poor decisions and management.

    Establish availability, performance, response time, and other objectives togauge and measure performance of the end-to-end storage and storagenetworking infrastructure.

    Be practical, as it can be easy to get caught up in the details and lose sight ofthe bigger picture and objectives.

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Cha ter 5 Summar and NotesCha

    ter 5 Summar and Notes

    K i t d t k it

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    Key points and take away items

    ona ey pons ncu e:

    o Balance PACE and PCFE requirements to various levels of service o ompare resources appes o appes, no appes o oranges

    o Look at multiple metrics to get a multidimensional view of resource usage

    o Metrics and measurements can be obtained or derived from many different sources

    o Use metrics that link to business and a lication activit to determine efficienc

    o Establish baseline metrics and profiles to compare current use with historical trends

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Cha ter 5 Summar and NotesCha

    ter 5 Summar and Notes

    Where to learn more

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    Where to learn more

    www.storageio.com and www.storageioblog.com

    Various videos, webcasts, podcasts, articles, presentations, tips and

    Suggested items include:o Metrics and measurement for management insight http:// searchstorage.bitpipe.com/detail/RES/1261065376_927.htmlo Optimize Data Storage for Performance & Capacity Efficiency http://storageioblog.com/?p=749o

    Performance = Availabilit htt ://stora eioblo .com/? =64o PUE, Are you Managing Power, Energy or Productivity? http://storageioblog.com/?p=711

    - -

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    storageioblog.com Storageio.com Twitter @storageioBooks

    NewsletterISBN: 978-1-4200-8666-9

    Part IIIPart IIITechnologies for enabling Green and Virt al Data Centers

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    Technologies for enabling Green and Virtual Data Centers

    Green Acres Is the Place to Be Popular Syndicated TV Show

    - ,Virtual Data Centers Require Physical Resources

    , , ,I Cant Remember Where I Stored Those Items

    I/O, I/O, Its Off To Virtual Work We Go

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Cha ter 6:Cha ter 6: Data Center Facilities and Habitats for TechnologGreenAcres Is thePlace toBe Popular SyndicatedTVShow

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    Green Acres Is the Place to Be Popular Syndicated TV Show

    Data centers are habitats for technology

    Virtual and cloud environments rely on physical resources

    Physical resources include servers, storage and networking hardware

    Energy is needed to power IT equipment as well as cool it

    ea u s e ypro uc o o ng wor

    How data centers use power and cooling for IT equipment

    Standb and alternative ower and coolin o tions

    Environmental health and safety issues and relevant standards Physical security, fire and smoke detection and isolation

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    Habitats for TechnoloHabitats for TechnoloVirtual and Cloud Data Centers require Physical Resources

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    Virtual and Cloud Data Centers require Physical Resources

    r ua an cou aaceners requre p ysca resources o unc on andeliver IT services. Similarly, physical IT resources including servers, storageand networks require habitats or physical facilities to safely and securelyhouse them. An IT datacente issimila to a factor in that it isa combinationof equipment usedto transformresources intouseful goodsandservices.

    Likewise, a factory is more than a room or building full of equipment toprocess raw goods. A productive factory requires energy, management,

    centers, best practices, metrics and measurements for insight into IRMcombine with facilitiesand equipment operating in an energy efficient manner

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    .

    Habitats for TechnoloHabitats for TechnoloVirtual and Cloud Data Centers require Physical Resources

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    94/237

    Virtual and Cloud Data Centers require Physical Resources

    n a on o suppor ng grow o servers, sorage an newor s, reen anVirtual efficient IT data centers need to:

    o Support service oriented infrastructure and applications

    o Sustain business growth and dynamic market conditions

    o Enhance business agility and IT service delivery

    o Boost efficiency and productivity of IT equipment and PCFE resources

    oAddress PCFE issues and challenges

    o ncrease amoun o resources manage per person an u ge o ar

    Cop yr igh t 2010 Ser ver and St or ag eIO Gr oup Al l rig ht s r es er ved. w ww.s tor ag ei o.c omThe Green and Virtual Data Center (CRC) Instructor Companion Guide

    Habitats for TechnoloHabitats for Techn


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