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SIR GG SCOTT
Seminar History Of Architecture
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ABOUT
Sir George Gilbert Scott (1811-1878) was born in Gawcott,Buckinghamshire.Working almost exclusively in the Gothic style, he became one of the most successful architects of his generation, but hisunshakeable belief in the supremacy of Gothic over the Classical
and Renaissance styles for public and collegiate buildings, together with his often conjectural 'restorations' of medieval churches, oftenresulted in controversy.He started in architecture by designing gaols and workhouses, but
later studied French Gothic Cathedrals and Churches, being muchinfluenced by the ideas of Augustus Welby Pugin .
He represented the quintessence of High Victorian Gothicarchitecture, and was responsible for an immense amount of suchwork.
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He was concerned with the creation, restoration and alteration of some730 buildings.
His first work was The Royal Wanstead School, Essex, formerly anOrphan Asylum. One year later, he built St Giles Church, Camberwell(1841-3).His restorations began with renovations of Ely Cathedral in 1847 and
included Westminster Abbey (where he was made surveyor in 1849,and worked on the north front and the chapter house). He restoredmany other cathedrals and churches.Some of his best work is St Giles' Church in Camberwell, The AlbertMemorial in Kensington Gardens, the Midland Railway Terminus Hotelat St Pancras and the Foreign Office in Whitehall, all in London.Gilbert Scott achieved great eminence, becoming Professor of Architecture at the Royal Academy (1866-1873).Scott died in London in 1878, and is buried in Westminster Abbey.
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Albert Memorial
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The Albert Memorial is situated in Kensington Gardens ,London , England , directly to the north of the Royal Albert Hall .It was commissioned by Queen Victoria in memory of her
beloved husband, Prince Albert who died of typhoid in 1861.The memorial was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the
Gothic revival style.The memorial consists of an ornate canopy or pavilioncontaining a statue of Prince Albert facing south.The memorial is 176 feet tall, took over ten years to complete,and cost 120,000.
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The exterior mosaic of Phidias and Michelangelo
View of the internal mosaicsand the cornicing
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FOUNDATION - Belowthe Memorial is a largeundercroft , consistingof numerous brick
arches, which servesas the foundation thatsupports the largeweight of the stone
and metal used tobuild the monument.The railings after the restoration
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St Pancras railway station
St Pancras railway station is a major railway stationin the St Pancras area of London between theBritish Library and King's Cross station .St Pancras is often termed the cathedral of the
railways, and includes two of the most celebratedstructures built in Britain in the Victorian era .
The frontage of the station is formed by St PancrasChambers, formerly the Midland Grand Hotel (18681877), an impressive example of Victorian gothic
architecture.
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At the south end of theupper level of the station, a9 metre high, 20 tonnebronze statue named TheMeeting Place designed byBritish artist Paul Day isintended to evoke theromance of travel. Anearby statue of John Betjeman , gazing inapparent wonder at theBarlow roof, recognises hissuccessful campaign tosave the station in the 20thcentury
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St Pancras clocktower rises above tenementblocks in King's Cross inthe 1980s. Etching byColin Bailey
Detailed view of theclock tower
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The sloping and irregular form of the site posed certain problems andthe Midland Railway directors were determined to impress Londonwith their new station.They could see the ornateness of Euston , with its famous arch; the
functional success of Lewis Cubitt 's King's Cross ; the designinnovations in iron, glass and layout by Brunel at Paddington ; and,significantly, the single span roof designs of John Hawkshaw beingbuilt at Charing Cross and Cannon StreetIts original plans, raising the station 6m on iron columns, thusproviding a usable undercroft space and also allowing the approachtracks to cross the Regent's Canal on a bridge rather than a tunnel.
CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN
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The single span roof of 74 m(243 ft) was a collaborationbetween Barlow andRowland Mason Ordish andwas the greatest built up tothat time
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A close-up of some of the intricate decorationused in the station
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Brighton College
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The school's principal buildings are in the gothicrevival style by Sir George Gilbert Scott .Later buildings were designed by his pupil and
former student at the CollegeSir Thomas Graham Jackson RA (brick and flintwith cream and pink terracotta dressings, flintwith clipsham stone dressings).
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The chapel is unusual amongst British school chapels becauseGeorge Bell , Bishop of Chichester created the school groundsas an ecclesiastical district outside the parish of St
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Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (St.John's)
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The leading Gothic Revival architect George Gilbert Scott , whoenvisioned a more impressive cruciform structure with variedornamentation in the twelfth-century English style. The Nave,built between 1847 and 1850, served as the entire CathedralChurch for 35 years.Construction on the choir and transept section did notcommence until 1880 and was completed in September 1885.The additions to the nave gave the cathedral the shape of a
Latin cross and continued the era of Gothic Revival architecture in the construction of nineteenth-century Anglican churches inNewfoundland .
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Cathedral after the Great Fire of 1892
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The Cathedral was extensively damaged inThe Great Fire of 1892 .The roof timbers ignited, which caused the roof to collapse,
bringing the clerestory walls and piers in the nave down with it.
The intense heat caused the lead to melt in the glass windows,resulting in the complete destruction of all but two; the solesurviving window can be seen in the Sacristy.Restoration of the Cathedral commenced in 1893, again under
Kelly's direction.
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DIMENSIONS
The Cathedral stretches 200 feet (61 m) from theGreat West Doors to the Sanctuary, with a 60-foot(18 m) wide nave and a maximum width of 99 feet(30 m) at the transepts. Where nave and transeptcross, the floor-to-ceiling height is 57 feet (17 m);outside, the roof stands 80 feet (24 m) high at theridge.
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ChristChurch Cathedral(Christchurch, New Zealand)
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Situated at the heart of a bustling city, ChristChurch Cathedral isthe most visited building in New Zealand. This fine VictorianGothic Church offers a place for quietness reflection and prayer.It is located in the centre of the city, surrounded by the plaza of Cathedral Square . It is the cathedral seat of the
Bishop of Christchurch .The nave and tower were consecrated by 1881, though theentire building was not finished until 1904.The cathedral was originally designed by British architect Sir George Gilbert Scott with the New Zealand architectBenjamin Mountfort as supervisory architect on the site
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CONSTRUCTION
Initial plans called for wooden construction, but plans werechanged with the discovery of a source of good quality masonrystone locally. Banks Peninsula totara and matai timber wasused for the roof supports.The cathedral spire reaches to 63 metres above CathedralSquareThe spire has three times been damaged by earthquakes. After the third of these, in 1901, the stone construction was replacedwith a more resilient surface of weathered copper sheeting
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'Castlerigg- St John's in the ValeChurch'
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The site is unusual in that it seems somewhatinaccessible. However, the road which passes theChurch was once an important road, part of a trackfrom Matterdale to Wanthwaite. Inside, the buildingconveys a warm and homely atmosphere, withoutbeing inhibiting.
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The altar was designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott ,and was formerly at Crosthwaite Church. It was a giftto St John's-in-the-Vale in 1893.The small tower contains one bell, date unknown.A church leaflet is available describing the history of the Church.
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ARIEAL VIEW
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Hall Cross School
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The library building is the oldest building on the Town Centresite, built in 1869.Downstairs it features a plaque which can still be seen to this
day, dedicating the building to Queen Victoria.The library is a classic example of Victorian Gothic Revival,featuring a large Hammerbeam roof decorated with flowers cutinto the massive oak beams.The building also features a tower at one corner. Inside, thelibrary features two massive Gothic style glass windows at either end, one of them being stained glass,
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Lanhydrock House
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Parish Church
The house is situated next toa small church , Lanhydrock
Parish Church (dedicated toSt Hydrock ). In parts thisdates back to the late 15thcentury. Lanhydrock has anattractive garden with formalareas around the house. Thehill behind is planted with afine selection of shrubs andtrees.
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McManus Galleries
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McManus Galleries houses a museum and art gallery with acollection of fine and decorative art as well as a natural historycollectionMcManus Galleries is a Gothic Revival -style building, located in thecentre of Dundee , Scotland .The concept for the building was originally commissioned as amemorial to Prince Albert The building site was underpinned by large wood beams.
In 1976, cracks were discovered in south-east corner of the building.The subsequent survey found that the building was partially
subsiding. During 1979, remedial measures of placing load bearingconcrete piles and cross-beams positioned to replace rotted timbers.[2]
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Sandbach School
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Sandbach School has been located on Crewe Road in Sandbach ,Cheshire for almost 150 years. Sandbach School is unique in theUnited Kingdom .
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St. Thomas's Church, Huddersfield
St Thomass has, since its very beginnings in 1859, been themost significant church in the Catholic tradition of theChurch of England in Huddersfield and the surrounding district.A short walk from the town centre, along the Manchester Roadwill take you to the church, unmistakeable because of itsimpressive spire. Designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott , StThomass is one of Huddersfields most significant ecclesiasticalbuildings.Inside the church the visitor will the find an interior completelyremodelled in 1990 to provide space for the community to meetand for the liturgy to be celebrated with dignity in a thoroughlycontemporary style.
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The Church of St. Thomas of Canterbury is situated in theCity of Chester , in an area of the city informally known as "The GardenQuarter"ABOUT STRUCTURE-
The church is built in red sandstone with a westmoreland slate roof.
Its style is Gothic Revival . The tower has a ringing chamber but lacks the bell chamber above andspire . some of the carvings around the windows and at the top of theNave columns remains incomplete.
The plan of the church consists of an East Tower at the end of theSouth Aisle, the North Aisle and a 5-bay nave.
The chancel is raised three steps above the nave with a further threesteps at the other end of the choir into the sanctuary. There is a Lady Chapel at the end of the North Aisle.
St. Thomas of Canterbury Church,Chester
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ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES-
The West Window is by Kempe .There are two magnificently-carved reredoses by Deacon, onein the Lady Chapel and one in the sanctuary.The wooden High Altar (in the sanctuary) is decorated withthree painted panels, featuring: the Annunciation , the Nativity and the Visitation .The baptismal font at the West End of the church used to havea magnificently-carved suspended cover which collapsed in1980.Also at the West End there is a Sacristy and a choir vestry . Thethree-manual digital organ was installed in 1997 by WyvernOrgans to replace an earlier pipe organ .
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St. Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow
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The Cathedral Church of St Mary the Virgin (commonly calledSt Mary's Cathedral) is a cathedral of theScottish Episcopal Church .It is located on the Great Western Road, in the west end of Glasgow , Scotland .The current building was opened on 9 November 1871 as StMary's Episcopal Church and was completed in 1893 when thespire was completed.It was raised to cathedral status in 1908.
The total height of the cathedral is 63 metres.
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Restoration
From the mid 1980s to 2002 St Mary's Cathedral has undergonean extensive restoration.Phase 1 - Remedial Works at the Crossing
As a result of water ingress to the organ serious damage wasdiscovered to the beams supporting the crossing. Repair workwas put in hand, and a survey of the building condition carriedout.Phase 2 - Chancel and Organ
The Chancel, Tower and Crossing was restored. The building re-
roofed and the clestory windows renovated.
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Phase 3 - Synod HallThe roof of the Synod Hall was replaced, new lighting, provision of
new toilets, the Sacristy Corridor was levelled, a choir roomprovided, the bishop's vestry was replaced by a disabled toiletwith level access to the cathedral to the crossing and a
wheelchair lift between the disabled toilet and the Synod Hall.The cramped kitchen was dispensed with and replaced with acatering area in the north end of the hall.Phase 4 - The Nave
The largest works to date that required the Congregation toworship at the nearby Lansdowne Parish Church from October 2000 to March 2002. Work included the provision a new glazedporch, new tiled flooring to replace the temporary flooring fromprevious phase, completion of the Gywneth Leach decorationsand a new lighting scheme.