Sir Sessional

8/10/2019 Sir Sessional

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BUILDING SERVICES

SESSIONAL

OCTOBER 13, 2014

HARSHIT KOTIYA

Ar11002


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Q1. Consider a hall of Dimension 3m*15m*3.2m, having

4 windows on both sides of dimension 1.5m*2.4m. 1 door

each on shorter side of dimension 2m*2.4m.Presume

Door open and windows are closed and of total glass.

1000Hz

Ans: Wall A

Area of Wall A: 3m*3.2m= 9.6sq.m

Area of Door: 2m*2.4m=4.8sq.m

Area of Brick Work: 9.6sq.m-4.8sq.m=4.8sq.m

At1= 4.8sq.m*0.05(ordinary plaster) + 4.8sq.m*1(open

door)

=5.04sq.m

Wall B

Area of Wall B: 15m*3.2m=48sq.m

Area of Window: 1.5m*2.4m=3.6sq.m

Area of 4 window: 3.6sq.m*4=14.4sq.m

Area of Brick Work: 48sq.m-14.4sq.m=33.6sq.m

At2= 33.6sq.m*0.05(ordinary plaster) +

14.4sq.m*0.1(ordinary window glass)

=3.12sq.m

Floor

Area of floor: 15m*3m=45sq.m

At3= 45sq.m*0.3(concrete block unpainted) =13.5sq.m

Slab


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Area of Slab: 15m*3m=45sq.m

At4= 45sq.m*0.05(ordinary plaster) =2.25 sq.m

At= At1+At2+At3+At4+At5+At6

=5.04sq.m+3.12sq.m+13.5sq.m+2.25

sq.m+5.04sq.m+3.12sq.m

=32.07sq.m

Rt= 0.161*volume

At

=0.161*144 =0.722 sec

32.07

Q2: Discuss acoustical defects and remedies.

Acoustical conditions in a big room, ball or

auditorium etc are achieved when there is clarity of

sound in every part of occupied space.

For this, the sound should rise to suitable intensity

everywhere with no echoes or near echoes or

distortion of the original sound with correct

reverberation time

Factors Affecting Acoustics of Buildings :

1.Reverberation Time:

If a hall is to be acoustically satisfactory,

it is essential that it should have the rightreverberation time. The reverberation time

should be neither too long nor too short.

The optimum value for reverberation time

depends on the purpose for which a hall is

designed.


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Remedies

The reverberation time can be controlled by

the suitable choice of building materials

and furnishing materials. Cardboard sheets, perforated sheets, felt,

heavy curtains, thick carpets etc are used

to increase wall and floor surface

absorption. Therefore, the walls are to be

provided with absorptive materials to the

required extent and at suitable places.

In order to compensate for an increase in

the reverberation time due to an unexpecteddecrease in audience strength, upholstered

seats are to be provided in the hall.

2.Loudness

Sufficient loudness at every point in the

hall is an important factor for satisfactory

hearing.

Excessive absorption in the hall or lack of

reflecting surfaces near the sound source

may lead to decrease in the loudness of the

sound.

Remedies

A hard reflecting surface positioned near

the sound source improve the loudness.

Low ceilings are also of help in reflecting

the sound energy towards the audience.

Adjusting the absorptive material in the

hall will improve the situation.


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When the hall is large and audience more,

loud speakers are to be installed to obtain

the desired level of loudness.

3.Focusing

Reflecting concave surfaces cause

concentration of reflected sound,

creating a sound of larger intensity at

the focal point. These spots are known as

sound foci.

Such concentrations of sound intensity at

some points lead to deficiency of

reflected sound at other points. The spots of sound deficiency are known

as dead spots. The sound intensity will be

low at dead spots and inadequate

hearing.

Further, if there are highly reflecting

parallel surfaces in the hall, the

reflected and direct sound waves may

form standing waves which leads touneven distribution of sound in the hall.

Remedies

The sound foci and dead spots may be

eliminated if curvilinear interiors are

avoided. If such surfaces are present, they

should be covered by highly absorptive

materials.

Suitable sound diffusers are to be

installed in the hall to cause even

distribution of sound in the hall.


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A paraboloidal reflecting surface

arranged with the speaker at its focus is

helpful in directing a uniform reflected

beam of sound in the hall.

4.Echoes

When the walls of the hall are parallel,

hard and separated by about 34m distance,

echoes are formed. Curved smooth surfaces

of walls also produce echoes

Remedies

This defect is avoided by selecting proper

shape for the auditorium. Use of splayed

side walls instead of parallel walls greatly

reduces the problem and enhance the

acoustical quality of the hall.

Echoes may be avoided by covering the

opposite walls and high ceiling withabsorptive mater

5.Echelon effect

If a hall has a flight of steps, with equal

width, the sound waves reflected from them

will consist of echoes with regular phase

difference. These echoes combine toproduce a musical note which will be heard

along with the direct sound. This is called

echelon effect. It makes the original sound

unintelligible or confusing


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Remedies

It may be remedied by having steps of

unequal width.

The steps may be covered with proper sound

absorbing materials, for example with a

carpet.

6.Resonance

Sound waves are capable of setting physical

vibration in surrounding objects, such as

window panes, walls, enclosed air etc. The

vibrating objects in turn produce sound

waves. The frequency of the forced

vibration may match some frequency of the

sound produced and hence result in

resonance phenomenon. Due to the

resonance, certain tones of the original

music may get reinforced that may result in

distortion of the original sound.

Remedies

The vibrations of bodies may be suitably

damped to eliminate resonance due to them

by proper maintenance and selection.

7.Noise

Noise is unwanted sound which masks thesatisfactory hearing of speech and music.

There are mainly three types of noises that

are to be minimized.

They are (i) air-borne noise, (ii) structure-

borne noise and (iii) internal noise.


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(i) Air-Borne Noise

The noise that comes into building through

air from distant sources is called air-borne

noise.

A part of it directly enters the hall

through the open windows, doors or other

openings while another part enters by

transmission through walls and floors.

Remedies

The building may be located on quite sites

away from heavy traffic, market places,

railway stations, airports etc.

They may be shaded from noise byinterposing a buffer zone of trees, gardens

etc.

(ii) Structure-Borne Noise

The noise which comes from impact sources

on the structural extents of the building is

known- as the structure-borne noise. It is

directly transmitted to the building byvibrations in the structure. The common

sources of this type of noise are foot-

steps, moving of furniture, operating

machinery etc.


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Remedies

The problem due to machinery and domestic

appliances can be overcome by placing

vibration isolators between machines andtheir supports.

Cavity walls, compound walls may be used

to increase the noise transmission loss.

(iii) Internal Noise

Internal noise is the noise produced in the

hall or office etc.

They are produced by air conditioners,

movement of people etc.

Remedies

The walls, floors and ceilings may be

provided with enough sound absorbing

materials.

The gadgets or machinery should be placed

on sound absorbent material.


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QUESTION3 . DEFINE THE FOLLOWINGS:

ANSWER :-

Fire safety drill

A fire drill is a method of practicing the evacuation of abuilding for a fire or other emergency. Usually the

emergency system (fire alarm, smoke detector etc) sounds

and the building is evacuated as though a real fire had

accrued.

Drills provide virtually the only means, short of an

actual incident, of measuring the state of readiness and

of testing the effectiveness of an emergency response

plan

Automatic sprinkler

A fire sprinkler system is an active fire

protection measure, consisting of a water supply system,

providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water

distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are

connected.

Wet riser

A wet riser is a system of pipe work and valves that is

permanently kept with water for the purpose of

distributing water within a building for firefighting

purposes.

Fire rating

A fire rating refers to the length of time that a materialcan withstand complete combustion during a

standard fire test.

Hose reel
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A fire hose is a high pressure hose (pipe) that carries

water or other fire retardant to a fire to extinguish it.

Outdoor, it attaches either to a fire engine or a fire

hydrants. Indoors, it can permanently attach to a

buildings plumbing system. A hose reel is a cylindrical

spindle made of metal, fiber glass or plastic and is used

for storing a hose.

Fire safety tank

The tank used to store water in case of fire emergency is

known as fire safety tank.

Fire lift

A lift within the firefighting shaft with dual power supply

and is capable of being commandeered by the Fire Service.

Down comer

It is a vertical pipeline (dia. depends on the floor area of

the building) connected to a overhead tank.

Fire extinguisher

A fire extinguisher, or extinguisher, is an active fire

protection device used to extinguish or control small

fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for

use on an out-of-control fire, such as one which has

reached the ceiling, endangers the user (i.e., no escape

route, smoke, explosion hazard, etc.), or otherwise

requires the expertise of a fire department.
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QUESTION 5.FIRE FIGHTING NORMS FOR HIGH-RISE

BUILDING

(PURE COMMERCIAL AND PURE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING)

ANSWER :-

WIDTH OF ROAD

Sections:- As per section 4.6 (a) of part 3 7.4.1 (a) of

part IV of N.B.C.

The road which abuts a High rise building to be

constructed shall be more than 12 meter width. The

road should be hard surfaced to carry a minimum weight

of 18,000 Kgs, the maximum weight of a Fire Engine.

ENTRANCE WIDTH HEIGHT CLEARANCE

Section:- As per section 4.6 (c) of part C 7.4.1(d) of

part IV of N.B.C.

Every High rise building should have at least 2 means

of access, one remote to the other, of

Minimum width 4.5m. With height clearance of 5m. This

minimum width is essential to facilitate free movement of

fire units.


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SETBACK OR OPEN

SPACES

Section: As per table 2 of section 8.2.3.1 of part III of

N.B.C.

Sufficient open space (setbacks) around residential

buildings, as indicated in the next slide, is essential to

facilitate free

movement and

operation ofFire Service

vehicles.


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Bu

si

ne

ss

/M

er

ca

nti

le

st

or

age building

Open space around the building shall not be less than

4.5meters. It can be relaxed in

Certain circumstances.

CAR PARKING IN SET BACKS / OPEN SPACES:

Section: As per section 4.6 (b) of appendix B of part III of

N.B.C.

If the setback area / open spaces is more than 12 meter,

the provision for car parking can be done in the setback

or open spaces at the periphery of the courtyard leaving

the 6meter motor able road.

Sr. n Height of building i

Meters

Exterior open

spaces/setbacks to

Be left on all sides.

Minimum in

meters

1 Above 9.5 up to 1 4.5

2 Above 12 up to 15 5.0

3 Above 15 up to 18 6.0

4 Above 18 up to 21 7.0

5 Above 21 up to 24 8.0

6 Above 24 up to 27 9.0

7 Above 27 up to 30 10.0

8 Above 30 up to 35 11.0

9 Above 35 up to 40 12.0

10 Above 40 up to 45 13.0

11 Above 45 up to 50 14.0

12 Above 50 16.0


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CAR

PARKING

Section

As per section B/8 of appendix B of part III of

N.B.C

Car Parking shall have to be done at the basement with

provision for minimum 2 ramps one remote to other.


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STAIR CASES

Section :- As per section 12.18 of part III, 8.5.1 (Table

24), 8.6.2,8.9,8.10,8.13, 9.3.5(a),10.4.1,11.3.2 of

part IV appendix D1.3,D1.4 of part of NBC.

a)Every high rise building Have minimum 2 numbers o

Staircases.

b)Width of staircases varies from 1 m. to 2 m.

C) For residential building width of staircases should be

1 mtr.

c)Out of 2 staircases, 1 can be used as a fire escap

staircase.

d)Width of fire escape should be minimum 0.75 meter.

e)Number of staircases shall be given as per the trave

distances.

g) Staircase shall not be extended to basement to

prevent smoke , heat & gases. From the basement smoke,

heat 7 gases can be travel to upper floors.

h) Access to the basement from the ground should be

through a separate staircase, which is not

connected to main staircase (i.e. It should be remote to

each other.)


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i)Staircase shall be of enclosed type to prevent entry o

smoke & fire to the staircase & vice versa.

j) Spiral staircase shall be provided up to 9 mtr.

Height.

k) External staircase normally shall not be allowed.

LIFTS

Section: - as per section 18 of part III 6.18 appendix

A.15 of part IV of NBC.

a)Minimum 1 lift capable of carrying minimum 8 person

weighing 545 kgs.Shall be provided for every high ris

building.

b)Landing doors of lifts shall open to ventilated lobby

shall have a fire resistance of 1 hour.

c) 1 lift shall be designed as a Fire Lift

c)

Fireman Switch shall be provided for each lift.

d)Lifts shall not be used as means of evacuation.

e)Collapsible gates shall not be provided for the lift.

f)If more than 1 lifts are installed the partition wall shoul

be of minimum 2 hours fire resistance.

THE REFUGE AREA

Section: As per section 8.12.3 on part

IV of NBC,


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the refuge area shall be provided on the periphery of

the floor & open to air at least on one side protected

with suitable railing.

a)For floors above 24m & up to 39m one refuge area on th

floor immediately above 24m.

For floors above 39m one refuge area on the floor immediately above 39m & so on after15m refuge area shall be provided

SERVICE DUCT

As per appendix D 1.9 part IV of N.B.C. all the services

ducts, if provided, should have to be enclosed bywalls of at least 2 hour fire resistance & should have

to be sealed at every alternate floor with non-

combustible materials having at least 2 hour fire

resistance. The sealing at floor level is to prevent

travel of smoke & fire to the upper floors through the

ducts.

BUILT IN FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

WET RISER

a)Wet riser cum down commer or only down commer

system shall be provided for residential building.

b)For commercial building only only wet-riser system

shall be provided.

a)For hotels wet-riser cum down commer both the system

shall be rovided.

b)Diameter of riser will be 150mm for all the buildings.


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c)For each 1000m2 floor area or its part one riser

shall be provided.

d)At every landing twin outlet each of 63mm dia. shall b

provided (one should be connected to hose reel &another should be to hose & branch).

e)Length of hose should be shall that it should reach a

the last point of floor area.

f) Minimum two courtyard hydrants shall be provided

(courtyard hydrant will be an extention to riser)g)Hose reel hose of 12mm dia. shall be provided from

landing valve to wet-riser at each floor.

h)A separate fire service inlet shall be provided at the

ground floor.

i) Location of wet-riser shall be preferable as near to

staircase.

WATER TANK

a. Underground water storage tank varies from 50,00

liters. to 250,000 liters. Depending on the type

occupancy of the buildings.

b. The capacity of terrace level water storage tank varie

from 10,000 liters. to 20,000 liters. Depending on th

type & occupancy of the building.(Above mentioned water tank capacity is for 1 riser. If

the number of risers will be more than 1, than quantity

of water shall be increased in that proportionate. In

addition to this if automatic sprinkler, drenchers are


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provided for special risk then this will be additional

quantity of water.)

PUMP CAPACITY

a.

For underground water storage tank, pump shall beinstalled of a capacity either 1800 L.P.M. or 2400 L.P.M

depending on the type and occupancy of the building

along with jocky pump.

b.At topmost hydrant we should get a pressure of not

less than 3.5 bar.

c.For terrace level water storage tank,pump shall be

installed of a capacity either 450 L.P.M. occupancy of thbuilding.

d.Alternative source of supply for the pump shall be

provided.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

e.Depending on the occupancy, M.O.E.F.A. system or

automatic operated system shall be provided in the

building.

f. Every building more than 15m in height shall provide

both I.e. M.O.E.F.A & A.F.A. Manually operated Electrica

fire alarm system Automatic Fire Alarm System

g.Residential & office buildings between 15m & 24m in

height may be exempted from installation of automatic

fire alarm system if local fire brigade is well equipped t

face the emergency up to 24m.

h.

One has to manually operate the glass in M.O.E.F.A.S.i. M.O.E.F.A.S. requires a special person or separate

person to operate.


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SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Section: As per section 7.10.7 of part IV of NCB.

a)Sprinkler system is a must for basement parking & othe

risk areas where large quantities of combustibl

materials are stored.

b)Each sprinkler should cover 6.96m2 area.

c)Normally a separate sprinkler should be provided for

separate car.

d)Sprinklers may connect to main water tank & pump, bu

capacity of the tank & pump shall be increased in tha

proportionate.

e)

The capacity of water tank shall be calculated on thbasis of sprinklers.

ALTERNATIVE POWER SUPPLY

As per appendix D-1.5 of part IV of N.B.C.

a stand by generator should be installed to supply

power for staircase lighting, corridor lighting, fire

pump, pressurization fan & blowers, in the event of

disconnection of failure of main supply.

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Section: as per section 7.10.4 part IV of N.B.C.

First Aid Fire fighting appliances shall be provided &

installed in accordance with LATEST IS 2190.

ESCAPE ROUT

As per section 8.2.5 of part iv of NBC

The escape route should be marked with a sign board on

the corridor & passage to guide evacuation. normally, the

escape route sign board must be written in luminous paint

for easy identification. this is to guide every occupant of


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the building who is bound to panic in the event of

accident.

PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM

As per appendix D.5 of part IV of NBC,

Every high rise building should have a public address

system with 2 way communication to conduct evacuation in

a systematic manner & to communicate any messages to

occupants on every floor from the control room.

FIRE OFFICER

Section: As per section D6 (Appendix D) of part IV of

N.B.C.

Fire Officer / Supervisor for Hotels, Business &

Mercantile Buildings with Height more than 30 m.

PROVISION OF HELIPAD

Section: As per D 10(Appendix D) of part IV of N.B.C.

For High rise buildings above 60 m in height provision forHelipad should be

Made.

FIRE DRILLS FIRE ORDERS

Section: As per section D 8 (Appendix D) of part IV of

N.B.C.

Fire Safety Plan: It`s very important to have a fire safety

plan to prevent & extinguish any fire in the building with

details action to be taken by each occupant. Telephone

nos. of all emergence services much be indicated in the

plan.


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store to keep masks and costumes. On either side of the stage

building

were long

ramps

called

eisodoi or

parodoi

that led

into or

away from

orchestra

these

were used

for

entrance

and exit.

These was

also a

special

block of seats reserved for the members of executive council of

assembly. The farthest seat was about 70m from the stage. The

seats were racked at a very steep angle of around 30-34

degrees to the horizontal. This helped in favourable acoustical

conditions and also provides clear view of stage. The steep

angle created a shorter path for the sound with just a little

reference between source and the speaker. Location of theatre

over mountain was the most contributing factor of good

acoustics; since the location was away from the city there was

no hindrance of other noises.


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DISCUSS ACOUSTICAL DEFECTS AND REMEDIES:

1.REVERBERATION:-Excessive or lengthen reverberation causes prolonged effect

of sound resulting in confusion with the next sound producedThis can be corrected by using suitable absorbent material an

reducing reverberation time.

2. FORMATION OF ECHOES:-

When reflecting surfaces are situated at a distance greater

than 17m or so and when shape of the structure is unsuitabl

the formation of echoes takes place. This defect can be

corrected by using proper shapes of structure by using prope

shape of structure by using rough and porous surfaces .

2. SOUND FOCII:-In case of concave reflecting surfaces certain spots are

formed where reflected sound waves meet and create a sound

of large intensity. These spots create a sound of large

intensity these spots are known as sound foci. This defect can

be removed by avoiding use of concave interior surface.

3.DEAD SPOTS:-This defect is the reverse of sound foci Because of high

concentration of reflected sound in some areas. These points

are known as dead spots. This leads to inadequate hearing.

This defect can be solved by installing suitable diffusers to

distribute sound evenly.

4.LOUDNESS:-This defect occurs due to lack of reflecting surfaces near th

Source of sound and excessive absorption of sound in thehall. This defect can be corrected by installing reflective

surfaces near sound sources and absorptive surfaces of hall

being suitably adjusted.

5.EXTERIOR NOISE:-


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Vegetation

The type of ground

surface over which

sound travels does

have a substantial

effect on sound

attenuation,

particularly when

travelling over large

distances. Areascovered with grass or

other types of

groundcover are more

absorptive than hard,

paved surfaces, which

tend to reflect the

sound. Taller plantings, such as hedges or shallow screen

plantings (even though they may completely block the view of the

noise source), will not significantly reduce actual noise levels.However, dense plantings of trees with an understory of shrub

can result in a reduction of 3 to 5

dB(A) per 30 m (100 ft) of depth from

the sound source.


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Vegetation can be used to barrier the effects many problems

including noise pollution. As with plantings for wind or visual

barriers, the selection and arrangement of the plant material

is key to a successful outcome.

With these barriers vegetation serves to soften the visual

effect of the barrier and reduce the reverberation of sound

Earthen berms are often used in combination with trees and

shrubs to deflect and absorb sound when the available space

is limited.

Vegetation alone can be used where adequate space is

available. To be effective the planting must be multiple rows to

about 40-75' in depth. Care also must be taken to plant the

first row at 50' from a roadway or any area that should not b

subject to extra snow deposits. Conifers or evergreen

broadleaf plants will naturally provide the best year around

noise reduction. Deciduous trees and shrubs can be added to

the planting for variety and added summer noise reduction.

Vegetation should be selected for site conditions with special

attention to issues of air pollution and salt spray if used nea

busy roadways. See urban tolerance chart. It is also importan

to incorporate fast growing plants and long lived plants for

quick and long lasting barrier.

PLANT EVERGREEN TREES

Most people think that just planting trees is enough to reduce

unwanted noise. Regular trees will only block noise when they

are full of leaves. Also, many trees only have leaves on their

higher branches. Evergreen trees are perfect for noise

reduction because their leaves dont fall off seasonally, and

many evergreen trees have leaves and branches that extend all

the way to the ground.

UTILIZE TALL HEDGES

Tall hedges are great for blocking noise from a busy street. In

addition, they also act as a privacy screen. Hedges do take a

little time to grow, but they are a perfect choice for any


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homeowner who plans on spending a lot of time in their yard.

Hedges require some regular maintenance as they grow.

PLANT VARYING TYPES AND SIZES OF SHRUBS

Shrubs are great for noise cancellation. Homeowners will

have a variety of shrubs to choose from depending on theirgeographic location. Hardy native varieties make great choices

for those who want low-maintenance noise cancellation. Native

varieties often require very little care and water. It may be

helpful to speak with a local nursery prior to purchasing and

planting shrubs.

INSTALL A PRIVACY FENCE

A privacy fence is an incredibly effective landscaping tool.

Depending on how small the yard is, a privacy fence can be

constructed in just a few days. Traditional wood-plank fencingmakes a good economical choice for reducing traffic noise.

Homeowners with larger budgets should consider brick and

stone fences for more effective traffic-noise reduction.

ADD WHITE NOISE

A great way to reduce traffic noise is to add soothing white

noise to an outdoor living space. Fountains are a great way to

bring a peaceful sound into an otherwise noisy backyard. A

fountain also makes a beautiful visual addition to any backyard

garden or patio.

COMBINATION APPROACH

A combined approach is the best way for homeowners to reduce

traffic noise in an outdoor living space. Planting trees, hedges

and shrubs is a great start. Dedicated homeowners should also

build a privacy fence and add some soothing white noise. When

combining all of these noise-cancelling methods, the end result

is a much more tranquil and relaxing outdoor living space.


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DISCUSS THE IMPACT OF NOISE ON MAN IN URBAN

AREA

HEARING PROBLEMS:

Any unwanted sound that our ears have not been built to

filter can cause problems within the body. Our ears can take in

a certain range of sounds without getting damaged. Man made

noises such as jackhammers, horns, machinery, airplanes and

even vehicles can be too loud for our hearing range. Constant

exposure to loud levels of noise can easily result in the damage

of our ear drums and loss of hearing. It also reduces our

sensitivity to sounds that our ears pick up unconsciously to

regulate our bodys rhythm.

HEALTH ISSUES:

Excessive noise pollution in working areas such as offices,

construction sites, bars and even in our homes can influence

psychological health. Studies show that the occurrence of

aggressive behavior, disturbance of sleep, constant stress,

fatigue and hypertension can be linked to excessive noise

levels. These in turn can cause more severe and chronic health

issues later in life.

SLEEPING DISORDERS:

Loud noise can certainly hamper your sleeping pattern and may

lead to irritation and uncomfortable situations. Without a good

night sleep, it may lead to problems related to fatigue and your

performance may go down in office as well as at home. It is

therefore recommended to take a sound sleep to give your body

proper rest.

CARDIOVASCULAR ISSUES:

Blood pressure levels, cardio-vascular disease and stress

related heart problems are on the rise. Studies suggest that

high intensity noise causes high blood pressure and increases

heart beat rate as it disrupts the normal blood flow. Bringing


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them to a manageable level depends on our understanding noise

pollution and how we tackle it.

TROUBLE COMMUNICATING:

High decibel noise can put trouble and may not allow twopeople to communicate freely. This may lead to misunderstanding

and you may get difficult understanding the other person.

Constant sharp noise can give you severe headache

and disturb your emotional balance.

EFFECT ON WILDLIFE:

Wildlife faces far more problems than humans because noise

pollution since they are more dependent on sound. Animals

develop a better sense of hearing than us since their survivaldepends on it. The ill effects of excessive noise begin at home.

Pets react more aggressively in households where there is

constant noise.

Date post:	02-Jun-2018
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