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KULIAH ARUS
SIRKULASI ARUS THERMOHALINE DANGERAKAN ARUS CYRCUMPOLAR (GYRA)
Oleh : Dr. Kunarso
PS. OSEANOGRAFI-FPIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
201
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A. Jenis-Jenis ArusA. Jenis-Jenis Arus
I.I. Berdsr!n Pr"ses #er$din%Berdsr!n Pr"ses #er$din%::
1.1. Arus E!"an: Arus #an$ %&'en$aruh& oleh an$&n.Arus E!"an: Arus #an$ %&'en$aruh& oleh an$&n.
2.2. Arus (her"ohal&ne : Arus #an$ %&'en$aruh& olehArus (her"ohal&ne : Arus #an$ %&'en$aruh& olehsuhu %an %ens&(as.suhu %an %ens&(as.
).). Arus 'asu( : Arus #an$ %&'en$aruh& oleh 'asu(Arus 'asu( : Arus #an$ %&'en$aruh& oleh 'asu(
.. Arus $eos(ro'&! : Arus #an$ %&'en$aruh& olehArus $eos(ro'&! : Arus #an$ %&'en$aruh& oleh
$ra%&en (e!anan "en%a(ar %an $a#a *orol&s.$ra%&en (e!anan "en%a(ar %an $a#a *orol&s.+.+. Arus ,&n% %r&en *urren( : Arus #an$ %&'en$aruh&Arus ,&n% %r&en *urren( : Arus #an$ %&'en$aruh&
oleh 'ola 'er$era!an an$&n %an (era%& 'a%aoleh 'ola 'er$era!an an$&n %an (era%& 'a%ala'&san 'er"u!aan.la'&san 'er"u!aan.
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II.II. Berdsr!n Ked&'nn%Berdsr!n Ked&'nn%::
1.1. Arus 'er"u!aan : Tera%& 'a%a /e/era'a ra(usArus 'er"u!aan : Tera%& 'a%a /e/era'a ra(us"e(er %ar& 'er"u!aan u"u"n#a (era%& %&"e(er %ar& 'er"u!aan u"u"n#a (era%& %& maxedmaxedlayer layer /er$era! %en$an arah hor&3on(al %an /er$era! %en$an arah hor&3on(al %an%&'en$aruh& oleh 'ola se/aran an$&n.%&'en$aruh& oleh 'ola se/aran an$&n.
2.2.
Arus %ala" : Tera%& auh %& %asar !olo" 'era&ranArus %ala" : Tera%& auh %& %asar !olo" 'era&ranarah 'er$era!ann#a (&%a! %&'en$aruh& oleh 'olaarah 'er$era!ann#a (&%a! %&'en$aruh& oleh 'olase/aran an$&n %an "e"/a,a "assa a&r %ar& %aerahse/aran an$&n %an "e"/a,a "assa a&r %ar& %aerah!u(u/ !e %aerah e!ua(or.!u(u/ !e %aerah e!ua(or.
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S&r!ulas& (her"ohal&ne a%alah s&r!ulas& #an$(&"/ul a!&/a( a%an#a 'er/e%aan suhu %an
%ens&(as a&r lau(.
Fa!(or-4a!(or 'en#e/a/ 'er(a"/ahan%ens&(as a&r lau(:
1. 'en%&n$&nan2. 'en$ua'an). !on%u!s& 'anas !e a("os5r. 'er(a"/ahan sal&n&(as
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Fa!(or-4a!(or 'en#e/a/ 'en$uran$an %ens&(as:Fa!(or-4a!(or 'en#e/a/ 'en$uran$an %ens&(as:
1. 'e"anasan1. 'e"anasan
2. 'ena"/ahan a&r (a,ar2. 'ena"/ahan a&r (a,ar- 'res&'&(as&- 'res&'&(as&
- run o6 sun$a&- run o6 sun$a&
- 'en*a&ran es- 'en*a&ran es
Proses (era%&n#a s&r!ulas& (her"ohal&ne %&'en$aruh&:Proses (era%&n#a s&r!ulas& (her"ohal&ne %&'en$aruh&:
- Peru/ahan (e"'era(ur "assa a&r- Peru/ahan (e"'era(ur "assa a&r
- Tera%&n#a 'ena"/ahan %an 'en$uran$an- Tera%&n#a 'ena"/ahan %an 'en$uran$an%ens&(as%ens&(as
- Per/e%aan slo'e "u!a a&r- Per/e%aan slo'e "u!a a&r
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Me!nis'e #erenu!n% Sir!u&si#*er'"*&ine
7en$&!u(& s&s(&" !ese&"/an$an $a#a Ar*h&"e%es :a'a/&la %& sua(u lo!as& 'era&ran %ens&(as a&r lau(/er(a"/ah !arena 'roses-'roses 5s&s 'en%&n$&nan%an %& (e"'a( la&n (era%& 'en$uran$an
%ens&(as!arena 'e"anasan "a!a a!an"en&"/ul!an sua(u s&r!ulas&.
A&r #an$ (urun %& %aerah !u(u/ !arena 'roses'en%&n$&nan %&&"/an$& oleh a&r #an$ na&! se*ara
'erlahan %& %aerah l&n(an$ "enen$ah %an (ro'&s!arena 'roses 'e"anasan.
A&r #an$ na&! !e 'er"u!aan %& %aerah (ro'&s!e"u%&an /er$era! !e l&n(an$ (&n$$& un(u!"e"/en(u! sua(u s&r!ulas& (her"ohal&ne.
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Sir!u&si *er'"*&ine se+r ,&"&Sir!u&si *er'"*&ine se+r ,&"&
di,'r!n "&e* B"e+!er dn Pen, (/0) dndi,'r!n "&e* B"e+!er dn Pen, (/0) dn
Br"e+!er (). Sir!u&si ini dieri n' GreBr"e+!er (). Sir!u&si ini dieri n' Gre
O+en C"n1e%"r Be& (su! er$&n 2e'3O+en C"n1e%"r Be& (su! er$&n 2e'3'ss ir di &un %n, esr).'ss ir di &un %n, esr).
(
Sumber: www.geocities.com
http://www.geocities.com/http://www.geocities.com/http://www.geocities.com/http://www.geocities.com/
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S+*e'i+ re2reseni"n "4 *e ,&"& *er'"*&ine+ir+u&i"n (S"ur+e5
h((':88,,,.'&!'o(s%a".%e89s(e4an8(h*4a*(shee(.h("l
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Arus #an$ %&n$&n %an /era( (en$$ela" sa"'a&Arus #an$ %&n$&n %an /era( (en$$ela" sa"'a&!e%ala"an #an$ *u!u' /esar %& l&n(an$ (&n$$& %& ;au(an!e%ala"an #an$ *u!u' /esar %& l&n(an$ (&n$$& %& ;au(an
A(lan(&! U(ara %an /er$era! 2 "&l %& /a,ah 'er"u!aanA(lan(&! U(ara %an /er$era! 2 "&l %& /a,ah 'er"u!aan"en#e/ar !e arah sela(an "el&n(as& e!ua(or : se/a$a&"en#e/ar !e arah sela(an "el&n(as& e!ua(or : se/a$a&a!&/a(n#a a&r %& la'&san %ala" %aerah (ro'&! "ena%&a!&/a(n#a a&r %& la'&san %ala" %aerah (ro'&! "ena%&san$a( %&n$&n. Pa%a saa( #an$ sa"a a&r %&n$&n %an /era(san$a( %&n$&n. Pa%a saa( #an$ sa"a a&r %&n$&n %an /era(
u$a (en$$ela" %& ;au(
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S&r!ulas& arus %& la'&san %ala" s&r!ulas& (er"ohal&nh((':88se&s.na(s*&.*sul/.e%u8r/ehl8NAD
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Penin,n% Sir!u&si #*er'"*&ine5Penin,n% Sir!u&si #*er'"*&ine5
.. S&* su 2en,,er! din'i! &un se+rS&* su 2en,,er! din'i! &un se+r
,&"&,&"&
0.0. Men$, !esei'n,n 1"&u'e ir &inn,Men$, !esei'n,n 1"&u'e ir &inn,
rend* dn &inn, in,,irend* dn &inn, in,,i
6.6. Se,i reser1"r Cr"n Di"!sid (CO0)Se,i reser1"r Cr"n Di"!sid (CO0)
7.7. Ber2ern d&' rns2"r 2nsBer2ern d&' rns2"r 2ns
8.8. Ber2ern d&' 2e'enu!n i!&i'Ber2ern d&' 2e'enu!n i!&i'
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). ;au( "en$an%un$ 0.000 G(?> Dara(an). ;au( "en$an%un$ 0.000 G(?> Dara(an"en$an%un$ 2.200 G(?> A("os5r "en$an%un$ @+0"en$an%un$ 2.200 G(?> A("os5r "en$an%un$ @+0
G(?> su"/er "asu!an *ar/on %ar& reolus& &n%us(r&G(?> su"/er "asu!an *ar/on %ar& reolus& &n%us(r&1+0 G(?.1+0 G(?.
S&r!ulas& (her"ohal&n /er'eran "en$uran$& !a%ar ?O2S&r!ulas& (her"ohal&n /er'eran "en$uran$& !a%ar ?O2
%& u%ara un(u! %&s&"'an %ala" !olo" 'era&ran%& u%ara un(u! %&s&"'an %ala" !olo" 'era&ranseh&n$$a %a"'a! ru"ah !a*a /&sa (er!uran$&.seh&n$$a %a"'a! ru"ah !a*a /&sa (er!uran$&.
. S&r!ulas& %& lau(an /er'eran "e"/a,a se(en$ah %ar&. S&r!ulas& %& lau(an /er'eran "e"/a,a se(en$ah %ar&
'anas #an$ %& ,&la#ah (ro'&! l&n(an$ ren%ah !e'anas #an$ %& ,&la#ah (ro'&! l&n(an$ ren%ah !el&n(an$ (&n$$&.l&n(an$ (&n$$&.
?on(oh Gul4 S(rea" 0 S 1B? Nor(h?on(oh Gul4 S(rea" 0 S 1B? Nor(h
A(lan(&* 1 S 2B?A(lan(&* 1 S 2B?
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Oser1si Sir!u&si #*er'"*&ine di LuOser1si Sir!u&si #*er'"*&ine di Lu
D&'D&'
Oser1si se+r &n,sun, den,n +urrenOser1si se+r &n,sun, den,n +urren
'eer u dee2 dri4in, 9"s sn, su&i:'eer u dee2 dri4in, 9"s sn, su&i:
!ren !e+e2nn% sn, rend*.!ren !e+e2nn% sn, rend*.
Ke+e2n sir!u&si rus *er'"*&ine ; Ke+e2n sir!u&si rus *er'"*&ine ;
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Fun$s& T-S %&a$ra":
1.7en$e*e! a'a!an %a(a suhu %an sal&n&(as #an$%&'eroleh %ar& la'an$an 4al&% a(au (&%a!2.Un(u! "en$&%en(&5!as& "asa a&r %an "enen(u!an'roses 'en*a"'uran
).Un(u! "el&ha( !es(a/&lan !olo" a&r.Un(u! "ela*a! $era!an "assa a&r
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7ATTCIAS T. an% . S. GODFRE 1.7ATTCIAS T. an% . S. GODFRE 1. egionalegionalceanography: an $ntroduction. *ergamon *ress,ceanography: an $ntroduction. *ergamon *ress,
+ew ork: '-- pp.+ew ork: '-- pp.
► A3&3 7F.200. Gera! A&r %& ;au( Oseana Volu"eA3&3 7F.200. Gera! A&r %& ;au( Oseana Volu"eHHHI No"or : 21 %ala"HHHI No"or : 21 %ala",,,.oseano$ra5.l&'&.$o.&%,,,.oseano$ra5.l&'&.$o.&%
8/17/2019 SIRKULASI THERMOHALINE
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Arus Ge"sr"2i! !inn% den,nArus Ge"sr"2i! !inn% den,n
u23e&&in, dn 2e'enu!n G%ru23e&&in, dn 2e'enu!n G%r
Arus #an$ (&"/ul !arena a%an#a $ra%&enArus #an$ (&"/ul !arena a%an#a $ra%&en(e!anan #an$ %&&"/an$& oleh $a#a *or&ol&s(e!anan #an$ %&&"/an$& oleh $a#a *or&ol&s
Me!nis'e Pe'enu!nMe!nis'e Pe'enu!n
Gra%&en (e!anan hor&son(al "en&"/ul!anGra%&en (e!anan hor&son(al "en&"/ul!an
$ra%&en (e!anan #an$ "en#e/a/!an $era!$ra%&en (e!anan #an$ "en#e/a/!an $era!arus %ar& (e!anan (&n$$& !e (e!anan ren%ah.arus %ar& (e!anan (&n$$& !e (e!anan ren%ah.
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Dala" $era!ann#a "en$ala"& 'en$aruhDala" $era!ann#a "en$ala"& 'en$aruh$a#a *or&ol&s #an$ a!an "e"/elo!!an !e$a#a *or&ol&s #an$ a!an "e"/elo!!an !e
arah !anan ==U a(au !e arah !&r& ==S.arah !anan ==U a(au !e arah !&r& ==S.
Kese&"/an$an an(ara $a#a *or&ol&s %anKese&"/an$an an(ara $a#a *or&ol&s %an
$ra%&en (e!anan "en$a!&/a(!an$ra%&en (e!anan "en$a!&/a(!an(er/en(u!n#a arus $eos(ro'&!.(er/en(u!n#a arus $eos(ro'&!.
Arus $eos(ro'&! #an$ (era%& %& sa"u%raArus $eos(ro'&! #an$ (era%& %& sa"u%ra
"e"/en(u! 'er'u(aran al&ran #an$ %&!enal"e"/en(u! 'er'u(aran al&ran #an$ %&!enal%en$an G#ra.%en$an G#ra.
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ANGINPER7UKAAN
TRANSPORTEK7AN
GRADIEN TEKANAN
ARUSGEOSTROPIK
ANGINPER7UKAAN
TRANSPORTEK7AN
GRADIEN TEKANAN
ARUSGEOSTROPIK
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( www.galapagosonline.com
Pola arus eJua(or
http://www.galapagosonline.com/http://www.galapagosonline.com/
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(www.abc.net.au)Pola arus G#re
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DOLDRUM
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S&r!ulas& arus #an$ %&(&"/ul!an a!&/a( $ra%&en(e!anan
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