Systems Analysis

1. Definitions• Systems analysis is a problem-solving technique that

decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of studying how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose .

• Systems design is a complementary problem solving technique (to systems analysis) that reassembles a system’s componen pieces back into a complete system-hopefully, an improved system. This may involve adding, deleting, and changing pieces relative to the original system.

• Information systems analysis those development project that primarily focus on the business problem and requirements, independent of any technology that can or will be used to implement a solution to that problem.

2. The context of systems analysis

3. Systems analysis approaches• Model-driven analysis approaches a problem solving

approach that emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate exsisting and/or proposed systems. Ultimately, the system model become blueprint for designing and constructing an improved system.

• Accelerated systems analysis approaches emphasize the construction of prototypes to more rapidly identify business and user requirements for a new systems.

3.1 Model-driven approaches • Using pictures to communicate business problems,

requirements, and solutions.• Examples models include flowchart, structure or hirarchy

charts, and organization charts.• Three most popular model-driven analysis approaches:• Structured analysis.• Information engineering (IE)• The object-orineted approach

3.1.1 Structured analysis• It focuses on the flow data through business and software

processes.• The emphasis is on the process building blocks in the

information system framework.• One of the key tools used to model processes is data flow

diagram.• It depicts the exisiting and/or proposed processes in a system

along with their inputs, outputs, and data.• It was said to be process centered.• The model show the flow data between and through processes

and show the place where data stored.

A sample of data flow diagram

3.1.2 Information engineering• It focuses on the structured of stired data ini a system rather

than on processes.• It was said to be data-centered.• The emphasis is on the analysis of knowledge (or data)

requirements. • The key tool to model data requirements is entity relationship

diagram.

A sample of Entity Relationship Diagram

3.1.3 Object-oriented approach• A model-driven technique that integrated data and process

concern into constructs called objects. Object models are pictures that illustrate the system’s object from various presprective, such as structure, behaviour, and interaction of the objects.

• This approach views information system not as data and processes but a collection of objects that encapsulate data and processes.

• Object can contain data attributes.• A complete suite of modeling tools of the object-oriented

approach knows as the Unified Modelling Language (UML)

A sample of Unified Modelling Languange

3.2 Accelerated Systems Analysis Approaches

• The emphasis is on the construction of prototypes to more rapidly identify business and user requirements for a new system.

• A prototype is a small-scale, incomplete, but working sample of a desired system.

• It can quickly identify the most crucial of business-level requirements.

• Two popular accelerated analysis approaches are:• Discovery prototyping.• Rapid architected analysis.

3.2.1 Discovery Prototyping• Discovery prototyping is a technique used to identify the

users’ business requirements by having them react to quick-and-dirty implementation of those requirements.

• The example of development tools is Microsoft Acces.• Microsoft acces can be using to rapidly create a simple

database, forms, and reports truly represent business requirements.

3.2.2 Rapid Architected Analaysis

• Rapid architected analysis is an aproach that attempts to derive system models from exsisting systems or discovery prototypes.

• Rapid architecture analysis is made possible by reverse engineering technology.

• Reverse engineering is the use of technology that reads the program code for an exsisting database, application program, and/or user interface and automatically generates the equivalent system model.

Information System Building Blocks

A federation of information systems

1. The Building Blocks• The building blocks of information systems.• Knowledge Building Blocks • Process Building Blocks• Communications Building Blocks

1.1 Knowledge Building Blocks• A Business knowledge is derived from data and information.• Business knowledge may initially take the form of a simple list

of business entities and business rules.• Examples of business entities: customer, products, equipment,

buildings, order, and payment.• Examples of useful business rules: A customer places orders.

1.2 Process Building Blocks • Processes deliver the desired functionality of an information

system.• Processes represent the work in a system.• Business processes requirements are frequently defined in

terms of policies and procedures.• Policies are explicit rules that must adhered to when completing

a business process.• Procedures are the precise steps to be followed in completing the

business process.• Process requirements are also frequently specified in terms of

work flow.• Workflow is the flow of transactions through business processes

to ensure appropriate checks and approvals are implemented.

1.3 Communications Building Blocks

• It is more in terms of the information system’s input and outputs.

• The inputs and outputs represent how the proposed system would interact users, employees, business unit, customers, and other businesses.

Tugas

• Kasus dalam ruang lingkup perusahaan manufaktur ditentukan oleh dosen dan termasuk ke dalam salah satu sistem sebagai berikut:1. Sistem Produksi2. Sistem Persediaan3. Sistem Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia4. Sistem Keuangan5. Sistem Marketing6. Sistem Penjualan7. Sistem Manajemen Pelanggan

Tugas (lanjutan)• Carilah kasus tersebut dengan memanfaatkan sumber dari:• sofware-software ERP seperti: OPENERP, Microsoft axcapta, dan

lain-lain. • Tugas Akhir• Text Book• Bahan online lainnya.

• Buatlah laporan dengan struktur information systems building blocks dengan susunan sebagai berikut:• Knowledge Building Blocks

• Indentifikasi business entities serta business rules• Process Building Blocks.

• Gambarkan prosedur dari sistem yang anda kerjakan• Communication Building Blocks

• Gambarkan input dan output dari sistem yang anda kerjakan

Tugas (lanjutan)• Format Business entities

No Entities Definisi1. Konsumen .................................... ........................ ..................................... ........................ ................................

Tugas (lanjutan)• Business Rule dapat disusun secara hirarki• Format Business Rules

No Business Rules

1. Konsumen memesan produk kepada bagian marketing

1.1 ........................................................................................

1.1.1 ........................................................................................

Tugas (lanjutan)• Format prosedur adalah disesuaikan dengan kaidah-kaidah

penulisan sistem prosedur.

Format communication blocks