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Sistem Jaringan dan Komunikasi Data#13Internet, Intranet, dan Ekstranet
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Principles and Learning Objectives
The Internet is like many other technologies—it provides a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today, others that are still evolving, and still others that will fade away from lack of use Briefly describe how the Internet works,
including alternatives for connecting to it and the role of Internet service providers
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
Originally developed as a document-management system, the World Wide Web is a hyperlink-based system that is easy to use for personal and business applications Describe the World Wide Web and how it
works Explain the use of Web browsers, search
engines, and other Web tools Identify and briefly describe the applications
associated with the Internet and the Web
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued) Because use of the Internet and World Wide Web
is becoming universal in the business environment, management, service and speed, privacy, and security issues must continually be addressed and resolved Identify who is using the Web to conduct business
and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web commerce
Outline a process for creating Web content
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)
Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on the software world
Define the terms intranet and extranet and discuss how organizations are using them
Identify several issues associated with the use of networks
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Use and Functioning of the Internet
ARPANET Ancestor of the Internet Project started by the U.S. Department of
Defense (DoD) in 1969
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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How the Internet Works
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Transport-layer protocol that most
Internet applications use with IP Backbone
One of the Internet’s high-speed, long-distance communications links
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) An assigned address on the Internet for
each computer
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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How the Internet Works (continued)
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Responsible for managing IP addresses
and Internet domain names Has authority to resolve domain name
disputes Cyber-squatters
Register domain names in the hope of selling them to corporations or people
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
How the Internet Works (continued)
Accessing the Internet Connect via LAN Server Connect via Dial-up Connect via High-Speed Service Connect Wirelessly
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
How the Internet Works (continued)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Internet Service Providers
Any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet
Most charge a monthly fee
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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The World Wide Web
Collection of tens of millions of server computers that work together as one in an Internet
Hyperlink Highlighted text or graphics in a Web
document that, when clicked, opens a new Web page
Web browser Web client software such as Internet Explorer,
Firefox, and Safari used to view Web pages
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
The World Wide Web (continued)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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The World Wide Web (continued)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Standard page description language for Web
pages HTML tags
Let the browser know how to format text Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Markup language for Web documents containing structured information
Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) File or portion of an HTML file that defines the
visual appearance of content in a Web page
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Web 2.0 and the Social Web
Web 2.0 The Web as a computing platform that
supports software applications and the sharing of information
Rich Internet application Software that has the functionality and
complexity of traditional application software, but runs in a Web browser and does not require local installation
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Web Programming Languages
Java Object-oriented programming language
from Sun Microsystems based on C++ Allows small programs (applets) to be
embedded within an HTML document Other languages
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight
Developing Web Content
Popular tools for creating Web pages and managing Web sites: Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft
Expression Web, and Nvu Popular publishing options:
ISPs, free sites, and Web hosting Mash-up
Process of mixing two or more hip-hop songs into one song
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Web Services
Standards and tools that streamline and simplify communication among Web sites
XML The key to Web services
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Web Services (continued)
Other components used in Web service applications: SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) WSDL (Web Services Description
Language) UDDI (Universal Discovery Description
and Integration)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Internet and Web Applications
Search engines and Web research Search engines
Have become important to businesses as a tool to drive visitors to the business’ Web site
SEO has become a valuable marketing tool
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Search Engines and Web Research
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Business Uses of the Web
Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Association Established in 1991 Allows businesses to connect to the
Internet
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E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat
E-mail No longer limited to simple text messages Can embed sound and images Can attach files
Instant messaging Online, real-time communication between
two or more people who are connected to the Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat (continued)
Career Information and Job Searching
Search engines Good starting point for searching for
specific companies or industries Job sites
www.directmarketingcareers.com www.monster.com www.hotjobs.com www.careerbuilder.com
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Telnet, SSH, and FTP
Telnet Network protocol that enables users to log
on to networks remotely over the Internet Secure Shell (SSH)
Provides Telnet functionality through a more secure connection
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Supports file transfers between a host and
a remote computer
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting
Web log (blog) Web site that people create and use to
write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics
Podcast Audio broadcast over the Internet An audio blog
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Usenet and Newsgroups
Usenet Uses e-mail to provide a centralized news
service Topic are called newsgroups Protocol that describes how groups of
messages can be stored on and sent between computers
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Chat Rooms
Enable two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Requires participants to type their
conversation rather than speak
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Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services
Internet phone service Relatively inexpensive, especially for
international calls Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology
Network managers can route phone calls and fax transmissions over the same network they use for data
Internet videoconferencing Supports both voice and visual
communications
Social Networks
Facebook Provides an application development platform
so that technically proficient members can create applications to run within Facebook
The U.S. intelligence community Is adopting social networking to share
information among operatives and analysts Twitter
Allows members to report on what they are doing throughout the day
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Media Sharing
YouTube Allows members to post homemade video
content Flickr
Allows members to upload photos to their own personal online photo album and choose photos to share with the community
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Social Bookmarking
Purpose To provide a view of the most popular
Web sites, videos, blog articles, or other Web content at any given moment
Popular social bookmarking sites del.icio.us Digg
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Content Streaming
Method for transferring multimedia files, radio broadcasts, and other content over the Internet
Enables users to browse large files in real time
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Shopping on the Web
Amazon Shorts Has stories that vary in length from 2,000
to 10,000 words Bot (intelligent agent)
Software tool that searches the Web for information, products, or prices
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Web Auctions
Web auction A way to connect buyers and sellers
eBay Popular auction site Easy to use and includes thousands of
products and services in many categories Auction sites
Cannot always determine whether the people and companies listing products and services are legitimate
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet
Radio broadcasts are now available on the Internet
Video and TV are also becoming available
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) protocol Used to put TV programming on the
Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
E-Books and Audio Books
Digital books, both in text and audio form Are growing in popularity thanks to
appealing devices and services Audio books
Have become more popular due to the popularity of the iPod and services like audible.com
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Office on the Web
Internet office Web site that contains files, phone
numbers, e-mail addresses, an appointment calendar, and more
Allows your desktop computer, phone books, appointment schedulers, and other important information to be with you wherever you are
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Other Internet Services and Applications
Internet Can provide critical information during
times of disaster Can be used to translate words,
sentences, or complete documents from one language into another
Facilitates distance learning, which has dramatically increased in the last several years
199942
PartnerOur Company
IntranetExtranet
Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Intranets and Extranets
Intranet Internal corporate network built using Internet
and World Wide Web standards and technologies Extranet
Network that links selected resources of the intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners
Virtual private network (VPN) Secure connection between two points on the
Internet
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Intranets and Extranets (continued)
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What is an Extranet? An extranet is a private network that uses
Internet protocols and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses.
An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's Intranet that is extended to users outside the company.
The same benefits that Web technologies have brought to corporate Intranets are now starting to accelerate business between businesses.
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More on Extranets Extranets can be used to exchange large
volumes of data, share product catalogues, share news with trading partners, collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts, jointly develop and share training programs with other companies, provide or access applications between companies, and much more.
It may sound like a technology for geeks only. But many people use extranets every day without realizing it--to track packaged goods, order products from their suppliers or access customer assistance from other companies.
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Log on to the FedEx site to check the status of that package you sent this morning, for example, and you've just used an extranet in one of its simplest forms.
An extranet is a mechanism based on Internet and Web technology for communicating both privately and selectively with your customers and business partners.
More on Extranets
48Differences between an Extranet, an Intranet and the Internet?
First there was the Internet, which is available for everyone to use. Then businesses got smart and started developing their own intranets that used the same friendly Web interface but put up firewalls so that only employees could see the information on the site. Finally, the intranet was created.
It finds itself somewhere in between—there's still a firewall, but you allow only selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, inside.
49Why would you use Extranets?
When done correctly, extranets provide a safe way to allow transactional business-to-business activities and can save your company some serious time and money.
The automotive industry uses extranets to cut down on its redundant ordering processes and keep suppliers up to date on parts and design changes, allowing quicker response times to suppliers' problems and questions.
Suppliers can receive proposals, submit bids, provide documents, even collect payments through an extranet site.
An extranet has restricted (password-protected) access, so it may be connected directly to each party's internal systems.
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Does every Company Need one? Many view extranets as the next era in Web
development. While other business-to-business communications,
such as electronic data interchange (EDI), are out there, an extranet is more user-friendly because of its Web interface and allows for less regimented and more ad-hoc inquiries.
Before a company can make an attempt at harnessing the capabilities and profits gained from using an extranet, a fully functioning intranet has to be in place.
In time, companies may be forced to use an extranet with their suppliers and customers.
Even now, some large corporations say they will not do business with companies that won't be connected to a secure extranet in the coming years.
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Disadvantages of Extranets The benefits of extranets, such as reduced
time to market and cost of doing business, and faster access to partner information, may be outweighed by the costs—security, Web servers and development, legacy systems integration, ongoing support and maintenance.
Extranets require a large amount of IS time and energy, much more than what it takes to get an intranet or Web site up and running, which may place it at the bottom of the IS group's to-do list.
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
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Net Issues
Management issues Preventing attacks
Service and speed issues Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on
company intranets Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized
Internet sites People and companies are reluctant to
embrace the Internet unless these issues are successfully addressed