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SITE ANALYSIS

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PANTAI KERACHUT

PENANG

MALAYSIA

- DESIGN STUDIO 2 -

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LOCATION PLAN Pantai Kerachut This is the location plan of Pantai Kerachut in Penang National Park, Malaysia. This area is found at the north-western tip of Penang island. It is popular for its harmonious serenity of nature and man. A very special feature of this site is the ‘’Meromictic Lake’’    which is a seasonal lake. The lake is surrounded by a variety of rich vegetation. The  lake’s  mouth  is  connected  to  the  Malacca Strait.

MALACCA STRAIT MEROMICTIC LAKE

BEACH FOREST

LAND

BEACH

GUARDPOST

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SITE PLAN

This area denotes our intended site area of 100m x 200m, ensuring the bridge entrance is included as well as the mouth of the lake, where a special phenomenon takes place. That of allowing sea water into the lake but preventing it from backwashing into the sea, creating two layers of water ; fresh water and sea water in the lake, hence the name, Meromictic Lake. Our site also allows generous amount of flat gentle land.

MALACCA STRAIT MEROMICTIC

LAKE

BRIDGE BEACH FOREST

LAND

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BEACH 200m

100m

The map here shows the contours of the area. The lowest contour height is -2m. And the highest is 34m. The 0m contour line represents the sea level. It is clear that this area is made of both steep terrain as well as some areas of gentle flat land.

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CONTOURS

MALACCA STRAIT MEROMICTIC

LAKE

BRIDGE BEACH FOREST

LAND

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BEACH

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SECTIONS

Due to the complex terrain surrounding our site, we realised it would be ideal for us to have general sections of the area instead of simply limiting it to within our site, to indicate the gradient of the slopes as well as their heights above sea level.

MALACCA STRAIT MEROMICTIC

LAKE

BRIDGE BEACH FOREST

LAND

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BEACH

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SECTION A-1

The sections are to indicate the shape of the terrain. Each base  line  of  the  section  represents  its  ‘’ground’’  where  we  walk on. The top line represents the back drop of the mountain in our area. Legend: Section A-1

GROUND SURFACE

MOUNTAIN TOP

SEA LEVEL

MALACCA STRAIT

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BRIDGE

BEACH FOREST

LAND

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BEACH

BEACH FOREST

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SECTION A-2

The sections are to indicate the shape of the terrain. Each base  line  of  the  section  represents  its  ‘’ground’’  where  we  walk on. The top line represents the back drop of the mountain in our area. Legend: Section A-1

Section A-2

GROUND SURFACE

MOUNTAIN TOP

SEA LEVEL

MALACCA STRAIT

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BRIDGE

BEACH FOREST

LAND

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BEACH

BEACH FOREST

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SECTION A-3

The sections are to indicate the shape of the terrain. Each base  line  of  the  section  represents  its  ‘’ground’’  where  we  walk on. The top line represents the back drop of the mountain in our area. Legend: Section A-1

Section A-2

Section A-3

GROUND SURFACE MOUNTAIN TOP

SEA LEVEL

MALACCA STRAIT

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BRIDGE

BEACH FOREST

LAND

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BEACH

BEACH FOREST

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SECTION A-4

The sections are to indicate the shape of the terrain. Each base  line  of  the  section  represents  its  ‘’ground’’  where  we  walk on. The top line represents the back drop of the mountain in our area. Legend: Section A-1

Section A-2

Section A-3

Section A-4

GROUND SURFACE

MOUNTAIN TOP

SEA LEVEL

MALACCA STRAIT

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BRIDGE

BEACH FOREST

LAND

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BEACH

BEACH FOREST

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SECTION A-5

The sections are to indicate the shape of the terrain. Each base  line  of  the  section  represents  its  ‘’ground’’  where  we  walk on. The top line represents the back drop of the mountain in our area. Legend: Section A-1

Section A-2

Section A-3

Section A-4

Section A-5

GROUND SURFACE

MOUNTAIN TOP

SEA LEVEL

MALACCA STRAIT

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BRIDGE

BEACH FOREST

LAND

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BEACH

BEACH FOREST

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SECTION B-1

The longitudinal sections also indicates the shape of the terrain. Each base line of the section represents  its  ‘’ground’’  where  we  walk  on.  The  top  line  represents  the  back  drop  of  the  mountain  in  our area. Legend: Section B-1

GROUND SURFACE

MOUNTAIN TOP

SEA LEVEL

MALACCA STRAIT

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BRIDGE BEACH FOREST

LAND

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BEACH

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SECTION B-2

The longitudinal sections also indicate the shape of the terrain. Each base line of the section represents  its  ‘’ground’’  where  we  walk  on.  The  top  line  represents  the  back  drop  of  the  mountain  in  our area. Legend: Section B-1

Section B-2

GROUND SURFACE

MOUNTAIN TOP

SEA LEVEL

MALACCA STRAIT

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BRIDGE BEACH FOREST

LAND

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BEACH

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SECTION B-3

The longitudinal sections are to indicate the shape of the terrain. Each base line of the section represents  its  ‘’ground’’  where  we  walk  on.  The  top  line  represents  the  back  drop  of  the  mountain  in  our area. Legend: Section B-1

Section B-2

Section B-3

GROUND SURFACE

MOUNTAIN TOP

SEA LEVEL

MALACCA STRAIT

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BRIDGE BEACH FOREST

LAND

MEROMICTIC LAKE

BEACH

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MACRO

Legend : A i r p l a n e R o u t e C a r a n d B u s R o u t e T r a i n R o u t e

Selangor

Penang

Penang Island

Georgetown

Teluk Bahang

Pahang

Negeri Sembilan

Malacca Johor

Terengganu

Kelantan Perak

Kedah

Peninsular Malaysia

Perlis

Batu Feringgi

Bayan Lepas

Pulau Jerejak

Botanical Garden

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MICRO Pedestrian Path (Site: Lake) Hiking and Boat-Riding Path (Site: Teluk Bahang--

- Pantai Kerachut )

Legend: P e d e s t r i a n P a t h

V e h i c l e P a t h

Legend: M a j o r P e d e s t r i a n P a t h

M i n o r P e d e s t r i a n P a t h

Our Site

Pavilion

River

Camping Site

Hall

Jetty

Bridge

Beach Forest

Beach Forest

Beach Forest

Meromictic Lake

Sea

Beach Entrance

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Frequency Average Frequency

Legend: H i g h F r e q u e n c y

Medium Frequency

L o w F r e q u e n c y

Lakeside

Bridge

Beach Camping Site

Toilet

Sea

Beach Forest

Hill

Meromictic Lake

Beach Forest

Time Activity

Morning

Afternoon

Evening

Bridge

High High High

Sight Seeing

High

High

High

Sun Bathing

Low

Medium

Low

Turtle Crossing

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-

Low

Barbeque Site

Low

Low

High

Camping Site

Low

Low

High

Toilet

Medium

High

Low

Jetty

Low

Low

Medium

Turtle Crossing

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SUN

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WIND When the wind pressure flows through the enclosed area of the trees and vegetations, being smaller in diameter, the restriction causes a higher pressure at the narrow end. This difference in pressure causes the wind flow to accelerate towards the low pressure narrow section, creating a higher constant speed.

Land Breeze and Sea Breeze

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TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Max. Temperature (Celcius) 31.7 32.3 32.1 32 32.1 31.8 31.8 31.3 31.1 30.8 31 31

Min. Temperature (Celcius) 24.6 24.8 24.9 25.2 25.1 25.2 25.2 24.8 24.4 24.5 24.4 24.5

Intermonsoon season

Intermonsoon season

• Formation of lake occur during intermonsoon seasons, which Sumatra winds bring in strong waves and heavy rainfalls.

• Throughout April-May and Oct-Nov, the lake will form and dry

up in 1 hour 15mins for several times.

Northeast monsoon (May – Sept)

Southwest monsoon (Nov – March)

• The lake has low water levels during the dry season which is filled mostly with fresh water from the streams and the water levels follows the sea tide levels throughout the day.

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15 16

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11 12

14

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21

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15

20

25

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecYearly precipitation (days)

LAKE CYCLE

Low tide (0 ~10cm) Natural dam formed

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LAKE CYCLE High tide (20~50cm) Maximum water level (~170cm excluding mud level)

Lake with maximum water level

LEGEND: location spot route to Virginia Forest

Entrance to Virginia Forest

Hall

Camping site

Pavilion

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River

Meromictic Lake The Meromictic Lake in Penang National Park is a lake that can adapt to two types of water: where it mainly receive water from five different streams and the sea. Due to the presence of different densities in these two water, the lake is seperated into two layers, where the sea water exist in the lower layer while other stream water lays in the upper layer. Besides, the lake also consist of two different temperature.The stream water on the lower part has a higher temperature if compared to the sea water which is cooler.

Location of Vegetation in Virginia Forest

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Landscape, Elevation & Sections Vegetations & Aquatic Livings

Casuarina Tree Weed

East -South Elevation (Scale 1:350)

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B B

Site Plan (N.T.S.) North-East Cross Section A-A (Scale 1:350)

Fiddler crabs Shed shells as they grow. Lost legs or claws during their present growth cycle, a new one will be present when they molt Smallest size about diameter of a 50 cent coin

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Landscape, Elevation & Sections Vegetations & Aquatic Livings

Casuarina Tree Weed

East -South Elevation (Scale 1:350)

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B B

Site Plan (N.T.S.) North-East Cross Section A-A (Scale 1:350)

Faunus Ater Brackish water snail species with an operculum Aperture is ovate and white The shell has two deep sinuses: an anal sinus which is close to the suture and an anterior sinus more forward in the aperture Operculum is oval, corneous and dark brown

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East-South Longitudinal Section B-B (Scale 1:350) Dry season (November~March)

South-West Monsoon season (April~October)

Sea water cannot enter the lake while high tide Water from the streams evaporates within 1.5 hrs

Water level will reach maximum height (1.7m) when high tide

East-South Longitudinal Section B-B (Scale 1:350)

Water level of The Lake Landscape, Elevation & Sections

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East-South Longitudinal Section B-B (Scale 1:350)

Dry season (November~March)

South-West Monsoon season (April~October)

Red Mangrove Prop roots ("breathing tubes") heights of up to 30 cm Prop themselves above the water level to absorb air through pores in their bark . Wind barrier

East-South Longitudinal Section B-B (Scale 1:350)

Landscape, Elevation & Sections Location of Vegetation of The Lake

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LEGEND: location spot route to Virginia Forest

Entrance to Virginia Forest

Hall

Camping site

Pavilion

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River

Location of Vegetation in Virginia Forest

Tongkat Ali Height: (7-8) m Scientific name: Eurycomal Longifolia Another common name: Pasak bumi Family of Simaroubaceae Evergreen tree Function as herb: Pro-fertility and aphrodisiac

Tongkat Ali

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(m) Scale 1: 200

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LEGEND: location spot route to Virginia Forest

Entrance to Virginia Forest

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Camping site

Pavilion

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River

Kacip Fatimah Scientific name: Labisia Pumila Benth Common name: Selusuh Fatimah Leaf size: 0.2m Herbaceous shrub with creeping rhizomes Surrounding: High humidity and shady Function as herb: afterbirth care

Kacip Fatimah

Location of Vegetation in Virginia Forest

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LEGEND: location spot route to Virginia Forest

Entrance to Virginia Forest

Hall

Camping site

Pavilion

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Kelentit Kering Yellow-footed polypore Microporus Xanthopus species Polyporaceae family Diameter: 0.09m Grow on rotting wood

Kelentik Kering

Location of Vegetation in Virginia Forest

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LEGEND: location spot route to Virginia Forest

Entrance to Virginia Forest

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Camping site

Pavilion

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Nepenthes Ampullaria (Ground species Pitcher plant) Height: 0.1m Width: 0.07m Carnivorous plant, feed on insects Able to grow in poor soils Oten grow in damp, shady and humid area Separate to two types

Pitcher Plant

Location of Vegetation in Virginia Forest

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LEGEND: location spot route to Virginia Forest

Entrance to Virginia Forest

Hall

Camping site

Pavilion

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River

Location of Vegetation in Virginia Forest

Bintangor Height: 10m Diameter: 0.125m Long waxy leaves Soil condition: swampy area Poisonous latex: used for stunning fish Function as herb: Ease headache and rashes

Bintangor 0

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(m) Scale 1: 200

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LEGEND: location spot route to Virginia Forest

Entrance to Virginia Forest

Hall

Camping site

Pavilion

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River

Location of Vegetation in Virginia Forest

Bintangor Height: 10m Diameter: 0.125m Long waxy leaves Soil condition: swampy area Poisonous latex: used for stunning fish Function as herb: Ease headache and rashes

Bintangor 0

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(m) Scale 1: 200

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LEGEND: location spot route to Virginia Forest

Entrance to Virginia Forest

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Camping site

Pavilion

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Location of Vegetation in Virginia Forest

Casuarina Junghuhniana Average height: 20m Average diameter: 40cm Deciduous tree Soil condition: slope, sandy soil Suitable species as windbreaker Improved soil fertility

Casuarinatree

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LEGEND: location spot route to Virginia Forest

Entrance to Virginia Forest

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Camping site

Pavilion

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Location of Birds foraging in Virginia Forest Humming Bird Smallest of birds (7.5 – 13) cm Humming sound created by their beating wings. Pigeon 12 inches. Feed on seeds, fruits, and plants. 0.5 – 2 kg .

Magpie Lifespan: 25 y 0.2 – 0.4 kg (Adult) Length: 37 – 43 cm (Adult), 44 – 46 cm (Adult) Bulbul Short-necked Length from 13cm to 29cm . Highly vocal, with the calls of most species being described as nasal or gravelly.

(5.00 a.m. morning)

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LEGAL ACTIVITES BARBECUE & PICNIC AREA

- Barbecuing normally happens in the afternoon and evening. - Food is not provided by the park. - Besides barbecuing, camping is available with the limitation of 100

visitors at the campsite. No charges are applied for camping. - Cooking and camping facilities are not provided. - These activities are mostly preferred by locals, especially during public

holidays and school holidays.

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LEGAL ACTIVITES SIGHT SEEING BY THE LAKE

SIGHT SEEING IN THE BEACH FOREST

SIGHT SEEING AT THE BEACH

- The best time for sightseeing at these sites is from morning to noon. - It is not advised to visit the lake and the beach during the night

because of the high tide from the sea. - During November to March, the lake becomes dry and muddy due to

the dry season so it is not ideal to visit during that time.

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LEGAL ACTIVITES

TURTLE NESTING

Nesting - Green Turtles nesting: April to August - Olive Ridley Turtle nesting: September

to February - Nesting occurs at night. - Viewing is allowed but with minimal

light shining at the turtles as to not disrupt the process.

Nesting Site Selection - Located under the vegetative cover of

merambong trees - Open sands - Under bushes

Based on the statistics of 2008 & 2009, 60% of Green Turtle nests were located under merambong trees, 24.8% were located under bushes and 14.9% in open sands.

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LEGAL ACTIVITES

TURTLE CONSERVATION SANCTUARY

Turtle Hatchery & Sanctuary - The cage indicates that the eggs are

being incubated until they are ready to be hatched.

- Office hours: 7.30AM – 6PM

- After the eggs are laid, they are reburied in the hatchery nests excavated to a depth of 60cm deep & 25cm wide.

- After placing them in the nesting chamber, the nest is compacted with remaining sand and left for incubation.

- They then label the clutches using bamboo sticks & cover the nest with a protective netting to avoid predation attempts.

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LEGAL ACTIVITES

- There are 3 hiking trails in Penang National Park. - The best months to hike is throughout the year, excluding the

months of March - April because they are the ludicrously hot months therefore it is not ideal to hike.

- The distance from Teluk Bahang to Pantai Kerachut is 3km and the hike usually takes around 1.5 -2 hours, depending on individual speed.

JUNGLE TREKKING / HIKING

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LEGAL ACTIVITES

JETTY / FISHING

The lake is a dry mud bank during neap tides and dry season. October to April is not a good time to visit

the lake.

- Pre booking is required for 15-20 minutes boat ride from Pantai Kerachut back to Teluk Bahang abd vise versa.

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LEGAL ACTIVITES

SHELTER

Shelter is provided for visitors to rest and bird watching.  It’s  a  place  for  people  to  gather  around.  

Bird watching is available at 5am and in the evening. This activity happens often due to the migration of different species of birds.

BIRD WATCHING

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ILLEGAL ACTIVITES SWIMMING

HERBS COLLECTING

Swimming is not allowed as a precaution for jellyfish stings.

Herbs collecting is not allowed as a measure of preservation of nature.

SMOKING Smoking is prohibited throughout the park to sustain the air quality and cleanliness.

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LOCATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES (site plan)

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LOCATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES (site plan)

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LOCATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES (site plan)

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LOCATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES (location plan)

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LOCATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES (location plan)

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LOCATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES (location plan)

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MEASUREMENTS Suspension Bridge

PLAN SCALE 1:100

SIDE ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

FRONT ELEVATION SCALE 1:100

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MEASUREMENTS Shelter

PLAN SCALE 1:20 SIDE ELEVATION SCALE 1:20

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PURPOSE OF EXISTENCE Suspension Bridge • To connect forest and Pantai Kerachut • To provide an extensive view of Tasik Meromiktik • To act as a clear border between the sea and the lake

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REASON OF CHOICE

• Difference in height between the two lands.

• Less hassle during construction.

Suspension Bridge

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MATERIALS USED Suspension Bridge

Platform Fibre Cement Board

Handle Polyvinyl Chloride

Base Concrete

Columns Concrete

Supporting Cables Steel Cable

Supporting I – beams Galvanized Mild Steel

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REASON OF CHOICE Suspension Bridge

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PURPOSE OF EXISTENCE Shelter • Acts as a shelter during sunny or rainy days • To allow mountain hikers and beach lovers to have a nice place to rest • To bring the Malay traditional flavours to Pantai Kerachut

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MATERIALS USED Shelter

Kapur Wood – Shellac coated

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PURPOSE OF EXISTENCE Guard Post • To provide security • To ensure cleanliness • To carry out registration

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MATERIALS USED Guard Post

Kapur Wood – Shellac coated

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PURPOSE OF EXISTENCE Sign Boards

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SITE ANALYSIS

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WIND

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NOISE

Sound of sea breeze and sea waves

Sound of waves splashing onto the rocks

Sound of the nature and insects from the forest

Sound of the wind and sea breeze

Sound of the insects and birds from the forest

Sound of the insects and birds from the forest

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VIEWS FROM THE SITE

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VIEWS

Point A Point B Point C

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VIEW QUALITIES FROM SITE

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POINT A (VIEWS FROM BRIDGE)

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POINT B (VIEWS FROM LAKESIDE)

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POINT C

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VIEWS THROUGH THE SITE

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VIEWS TO THE SITE

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VIEWS TO THE SITE

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BEST VIEWS

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BEST VIEWS (EAST)

One of the best nature view during 6.45am-7.25am, when the sun rises.

BEST VIEWS (WEST)

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One of the best nature view during 5.45pm-7.15pm, when the sun rises.

Site Plan ( 1:1500 )

Forest Ranger A forest ranger is a person entrusted with protecting and preserving forests DUTY - To protect the park resources for future generations - To protect park visitors. SKILLS - Have strong communication and leadership skills - Physically fit - Have knowledge of basic first aid, surviving skills EQUIPMENTS - First Aid kit to rescue visitors if any emergency

happened. - Fire-fighting tools to prevent forest fire if there is any. - Torch light, matches or lighters - Knife - Safety Boot - Water Bottle - Rope - Other appropriate gears

36 meters 35 meters

16 meters

12 meters

12 meters

Standard Lookout/ Observation Towers

Standard lookout towers with different heights and constructional structure ( bracings ) A zig-zag or staircases to go up and down with one space at the top for observation.

Simple Local Guard Towers - Located in Teluk Cempedak Beach, Kuantan

- Constructed with concrete and consists of wooden or

steel handrails for stairs

- Simplest structure with one staircase around the tower to go up and down

- Located between Hyatt Hotel and Commercial street nearby Mc Donald Restaurant

- Provide good overall view of the sea for safety purpose

Korkeasaari Lookout Tower

Ville Hara Helsinki, Finland

-Situated on a site 18 meters above sea - Competition for design of Ten meters high Timber Tower - Provide spectacular views of the sea and city of Helsinki - Landmark of Korkeasaari Island

- The load bearing structure consists of 72 long battens, with a section of 60mmx60mm, that are bent and twisted on the site from seven pre-bent types. - Over 600 bolted joints hold the shell structure together. - The wood is treated with a linen oil-based wood balm with UV-protection.

- A batten is a thin strip of solid material, typically made from wood, plastic or metal. - Battens are used in building construction and various other fields. - Ideal for external cladding and facades - Light and strong material

JeJawi Tower, Pulau Ubin, Singapore

- Located at Chek Jawa Wetlands, - Big attraction for bird watching and view most of greenery in Pulau Ubin - 21 meters tall viewing tower - Includes 7 storeys of 3-meter risers and at each storey, there is a small deck for observing the surroundings

- There is one staircase to go up and come down. - Can accommodate 20 people at the top cabin. - Materials – Steel and Timber

Cross Bracing

K-Bracing Eccentric

Types of Bracing

- Construction includes diagonal bracing from the base to the top. - Consists of Four primary post columns with bracings

Killesberg Tower

Stuttgart, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany

- Observatory Tower completed in 2000, designed by Jorg Schlaich - Consists of 5 floors above the ground - 40.3 meters high and base width is 21 meters - Landmark of Stuggart

- The tower is accessed by two open-air spiral staircases : One to go up and one to go down.

- 4 platforms and 2 counter-rotating stairs (348 steps)

- Height to observation deck from ground – 31 meters

- The tower has different heights in viewing platforms – 8 m, 16m, 24m, 31m.

- Main Material used is Steel. - Constructed with steel mesh and pre-stressed cable

net type with an open lattice structure. - There are 48 cables.

Bird Observation Tower

- Designed by GMP architects

- Located on the far-projecting peninsula Graswarder, Heiligenhafen, Germany

- 12.5 meters high

- Gross External Area : 48 meter squared

- Wooden construction made of Siberian Larch

Heiligenhafen Germany

Two flight staircase providing access to the tower Type of staircase – Half-Landing Stairs

Siberian Larch Wood is used for Decking and Siding. With great stability, durability, and its natural resistance for decay are the most impressive features. A type of hard wood with high density and they are aesthetically beautiful with natural color.

Inspirations

Vienna Jubilaeumswarte

Observation Tower on the River Mur, Border of Austria and Slovneia

The Jübergtower, Germany

Tower at Honda Wetlands,Ohio Observation Tower at Putrajaya Water Sports Complex

Lookout tower at Pipestem Resort, West Virginia

Bird-watching Tower in Heitasaari Island, Finland