Sizes of valve
• How many inches is the DN-40 diameter of valve ? It is 1-1/2” diameter of valve
• How many inches is the DN-125 diameter of valve ? It is 5” diameter of valve
• How many inches is the DN-150 diameter of valve ? It is 6” diameter of valve
Temperature conversion
• How many degree Celsius is 104° Fahrenheit ? It is 40° Celsius
• How many degree Fahrenheit is 38° Celsius ? It is 100° Fahrenheit
• How many degree Celsius is 212° Fahrenheit ? It is 100° Celsius
• How many degree Celsius is 500° Fahrenheit ? It is 260° Celsius
Pressure conversion
• How many psi is 1 bar ? it is 14.5 psi
• How many bar is 290 psi ? It is 20 bar
• How many bar is 1 Mpa ? It is 10 bar
• How many Kpa is 10 bar ? It is 1,000 Kpa
Valve’s production
Is the initial valve production done in a valve’s manufacture plant ?
NO the initial valve production is done in a foundry !
Valve’s heat number
How to identify a valve body that is produced in a foundry ?
It is shown by a “HEAT NUMBER” embossed on the body of the valve.
The heat number then is noted in the valve’s certification (material certification)
Valve’s assembly & finishing
What is the procedure at the valve’s manufacturing plant until the valve is ready to be delivered to their customer ?
• Firstly, the valve’s parts received from the foundry are machined/repaired
• Secondly, it were assembled to become a unit of complete valve
• Thirdly, testing the valve hydraulically & pneumatically
• The last one, documenting it and create a certificate (test certificate)
Standard certificate
What is the standard certificate of a valve ?
It is a certification based on EN-10204• Type 2.2 is a certificate
of compliance• Type 3.1 is a certificate
of material & test• Type 3.2 is a certificate
of material, test & the test is witness by the buyer at the valve’s manufacturing plant
Valve’s material standard
What type of valve’s material standard used in common ?
It is ASTM International standard from America.
Valve’s material type
What type of valve’s material are available in the market ?
1. Cast iron2. Malleable iron3. Ductile iron4. Cast steel5. Forged steel6. Cast stainless steel7. Forged stainless steel
Valve’s material type
Based on the production process what are the types of valve materials ?
There are 2 types of valve’s processing material as follows:- Forgings- Casting
Valve’s production
What is a casting valve ?
The valve’s part is casted in the foundry in a special molding.
Mostly for valve sizes from 2” & above !
Valve’s production
What is a forging valve ?
The valve’s part is forged in the foundry in a special forging machine
Mostly for valve sizes of 2” & below !
Valve’s material typeWhat is the ASTM standard of cast iron ? A126 Cl.B
What is the ASTM standard of ductile iron? A395
What is the ASTM standard of forged steel? A105
What is the ASTM standard of cast steel ? A216 gr WCB
What is the ASTM standard of cast 316 SS ? A351-CF8M
What is the ASTM standard of forged 316 SS? A182-F316
Valve’s material temperature limitWhy carbon steel has many types ?
It depends on the maximum or minimum temperature the carbon steel material can handle !
1. A216-LCB for low temperature up to -50° F
2. A216-WC9 for high temperature up to 1050° F
3. A351-CF8M for high temperature up to 1500° F
4. A351-CF8M for low temperature up to -425° F
5. A182-F22 for high temperature up to 1100° F
Valve’s materialWhat is 316L stainless steel valve material for ?This valve material is used especially if the end connection of the valve will be welded to the 316 SS pipe (SW or BW)
NOTE:If the end connection of the valve is with flanges connection NO NEED to use 316L SS material 316 SS material is sufficient enough to be used !
What is 13% Cr SS valve material for ?Mostly 13 % Cr SS (A182-F6) is used as the TRIM material of cast steel & forged steel valve.
Valve’s testingWhat is API-598 valve testing standard ?
API-598 valve testing standard is for testing valves with specification as follows:• Valve’s shell (body) is
tested hydraulically 1.5 times of the standard pressure of the valve based on its individual class
• Valve’s seat/back-seat is tested hydraulically 1.1 times of the standard pressure of the valvebased on its individual class
• Low pressure valve’s seat is tested pneumatically at 60 psi air pressure
NOTE: Please look at the next slide to see the standard pressure of the valve
Basic of valve’s testing
Pressure rating of cast steel valve (A216-WCB) class 150 at 100°F (38°C) is 285 psi
Based on API 598 valve testing:• Shell (body) is tested
1.5 x 285 psi = 450 psi• Seat is tested 1.1 x 285
psi = 314 psi
Valve’s testing
For metal seated valve (gate, globe & check valve) It is allowed to be leaked with a certain minimum leakages as shown in the API-598 test table
For soft seated valve such as ball valve it is not allowed to be leaked during test.
NOTE:Please note also the duration of testing (no more than 2 minutes)
Valve’s material comparison standard
What is the JIS (Japanese standard) that is equivalent to ASTM material standard as follows ?
• A126 cl.B = FC20• A-395 = FCD• A216-WCB = SCPH-2• A-105 = SFVC-2A• A351-CF8M = SCS-14A• A182-F316 = SUS F316
Cast iron family valve’s material
What is the available cast (gray) iron family ?
• Cast (gray iron) since carbon content is high it become very brittle & cannot stand high temperature
• Malleable iron Through an annealing heat treatment the brittle structure is transformed to malleable form
• Ductile iron With additional manganese as sphreroidizing agent ductile iron become more impact & fatiqueresistance
Cast iron family valve’s material
What is the available cast (gray) iron family ?
• Cast (gray iron) since carbon content is high it become very brittle & cannot stand high temperature
• Malleable iron Through an annealing heat treatment the brittle structure is transformed to malleable form
• Ductile iron With additional manganese as sphreroidizing agent ductile iron become more impact & fatiqueresistance
Metal seated standard valve
What is the common metal seated valve in the market ?
• Gate valve• Globe valve• Check valve
Gate valve
Globe valve
Check valve
Different type of standard valve
Gate valve is used to open & close the flow 100 % (FULL)
Globe valve can be open partially !
Check valve is used to prevent backflow
Can gate valve be open partially ?No, it has to be open/closed fully only if it is open partially the fluid pressure will increase and the high pressure fluid will erode the tip of the disc & seat ring
Can globe valve be open partially ?Yes, it can be open/closed partially because the construction is strong the disadvantage is there will be high pressure drop across the valve
Does check valve has a hand-wheel ?No, it is an automatic valve that will be closed automatically when there is a reverse flow of the fluid across the valve.
Trim of standard metal seated valve
What is the trim of a gate valve or globe valve or check valve ?
Trim is the combination of:• Stem• Disc• Seat ring
Usually they are made of the same material to prevent wear when it is contacting/rubbing each other very often.
Stem
Seat ring
Disc
Valve stem
What is OS&Y (outside screw & yoke) rising stem type of valve ?
When the valve’s hand-wheel is turned to open the hand-wheel is not moving up but the stem will raise up (so we can see from far away that the valve is in open condition)
NOTE:Most of the API standard valves come with this OS&Y feature
NOTE: Non rising stem valve is coming only with brass/bronze material !
Valve disc
What is solid disc & flexible disc ?
• Solid disc is the feature of the valve’s disc inside a forged steel valve (up to 2” size)
• Flexible disc is the feature of the valve’s disc inside a cast steel valve (2” size & above) this flexible disc feature is to prevent the disc jammed inside the valve’s body when the temperature raise very high (because both body & disc material are expanded due to the temperature changes)
Valve seat (seat ring)
For carbon steel gate, globe & check valve:• To prevent the seat ring of the valve
wears faster due the abrasiveness of some medium such as steam etc. The valve manufacturer offer the seat ring coated with a cobalt alloy based material that is called stellite the valve is noted as half stellited (only seat ring are stellited = HFS)
• Sometimes, beside the seat ring, the disc of the valve is needed to be coated with stellite too the valve is noted as fully stellited (seat ring & disc = FS)
What is the purpose of valve’s seat ring ?
• Valve’s seat ring is part of valve’s trim most common, the valve trim are made of the same material such as 13 % Cr SS ((A182-F6) to prevent wear when the valve’s disc rubbed the valve’s seat ring during contacting each other.
Valve seat (seat ring)
• For saturated steam application the valve’s seat ring surface is coated with a hard material called stellite to prevent wear We choose trim no 8
Valve seat (seat ring)
• For superheat steam application both the valve’s seat ring & valve’s disc surfaces are coated with stellite to prevent wear we choose trim no 5
Valve Body-Bonnet gasketWhat is the valve’s part inserted between the body-bonnet of the valve to prevent leakages ?
• Gasket is used to be inserted between the body-bonnet of the valve to prevent leakages
• Vegetable fiber gasket is used for water or oil application (for cast iron body valve)
• Graphite flexible gasket is uses for steam application (malleable iron & ductile iron body valve)
• Spiral wound gasket with graphite filler is used for steam application (cast steel & forged steel body valve
• Spiral wound gasket with PTFE filler is used for corrosion resistant valve (stainless steel)
Valve stem packing
What is the valve’s stem sealing material of the valve against leakages ?
• In fact, Teflon (PTFE) stem sealing packing is preferred to be used as valve’s stem packing because of less friction happened it will not make the valve’s stem wear soon
• But as standard all the cast steel & forged steel valve use graphite stem packing because it can stand very high temperature
Globe valve
Globe valve can be partially open/closed
The shape of the disc of a globe valve is like a plug
What is different of a gate valve & a globe valve ?
• Based on its construction It is the same the parts are: Body, Bonnet, Trim (stem, Disc & Seat ring), Body-Bonnet gasket & Stem packing
• Except the shape of the disc of a globe valve is like a PLUG
• Globe valve can be open or closed partially Because the flow direction is not coming directly into its disc
• The pressure drop across the globe valve is bigger than gate valve
• Globe valve is commonly used for steam application
Valve’s pressure –temperature rating
For class 150 valve A216-WCB body valve how many psi is the maximum pressure that the valve can stand at 500°F temperature ?
• The valve can stand 170 psi maximum pressure @ 500°F temperature.
For class 150 valve A351-CF8M body valve how many psi is the maximum pressure that the valve can stand at 600°F temperature ?• The valve can stand 140
psi maximum pressure @ 600°F temperature.
Valve’s pressure –temperature ratingFor class 300 valve A216-WCB body valve how many psi is the maximum pressure that the valve can stand at 500°F temperature ? • The valve can stand 600
psi maximum pressure @ 500°F temperature.
For class 300 valve A351-CF8M body valve how many psi is the maximum pressure that the valve can stand at 600°F temperature ? • The valve can stand 450
psi maximum pressure @ 600°F temperature.
For class 300 valve A217-WC6 body valve how many psi is the maximum pressure that the valve can stand at 1,000°F temperature ? • The valve can stand 215
psi maximum pressure @ 1,000°F temperature.
Valve’s pressure –temperature ratingFor class 600 valve A216-WCB body valve how many psi is the maximum pressure that the valve can stand at 500°F temperature ? • The valve can stand 1200
psi maximum pressure @ 500°F temperature.
For class 600 valve A351-CF8M body valve how many psi is the maximum pressure that the valve can stand at 600°F temperature ? • The valve can stand 900
psi maximum pressure @ 600°F temperature
For class 600 valve A217-WC9 body valve how many psi is the maximum pressure that the valve can stand at 1,050°F temperature ? • The valve can stand 350
psi maximum pressure @ 1,050°F temperature.
Check valve’s function
What is the function of a check valve ?
• Prevention of the fluid reverse flow (when the pump is switched off)
• Prevention due to sudden vacuum condition at the upstream of the check valve
• Protection of piping equipment due to reverse flow
Type of check valve
Piston lift check valve
Swing check valve
Wafer dual-plate check valve
When do we have to install different type of check valves ?
• Piston lift check valve sizes are ½” size up to 2” size
• Swing check valve sized are 2” size & above
• Wafer dual plate check valve has a compact construction & can be installed vertically or horizontally
Dual disc check valveWhat is the benefit of dual disc check valve ?• Compact & lighter• Easy to install• Can be installed vertically
or horizontally
What is the different of dual disc check valve with retainer & retainer-less type of check valve ?• For corrossive fluid
application Check valve with retainer hinge pin can create leakage problem from the corrosion retainer hinge plug material
• Since the hinges of retainer-less type of check valve are not plugged at the end of it & are not exposed it will solve the leaking problem due to the corrosion issue.
Dual disc check valve
How many type of dual disc check valve installation are they ?
• Wafer type
• Lug type It has the benefit of death end service (we can loosen all the bolts at one side of the check valve and remove the pipe at that side for maintenance and the other side of check valve is still tight connected into the other side of the piping.
Foot valve
What is the function of a foot valve ?
• Foot valve is used to prevent the suction pipe at the upstream of a pump empty anytime the pump start working, straight away it can suck the liquid inside the suction pipe & deliver it away to a destination (no need to prime the pump anymore)
• The screen at the bottom of the foot valve is used to prevent solid particle such as wood, plastic bag, fish etc. coming into the impeller of the pump (it can damage the pump’s part)
Butterfly valveWhat is the benefit of butterfly valve ?• Compact , lighter & easy
to install (as the replacement of gate valve that is bulky)
• Less parts compared with gate valve
• Quarter turn operation (it can use cheaper actuator compared with gate valve)
NOTE:We call this CONCENTRICbutterfly valve too.
NOTE:Concentric butterfly valve has a limitation due to the sealing material is made of rubber it cannot stand high temperature
NOTE:Concentric butterfly valve cannot be tested with API-598 test standard
Butterfly valve
What is the benefit of concentric butterfly valve ?
• It has only 4 numbers of main parts:- Body- Shaft- Disc- Liner (seat)
• It is easy to maintain the butterfly valve !
NOTE:Gate valve has so many parts (body, stem, disc, seat ring, packing, gasket etc and gate valve is bulky)
Butterfly valve
How many type of concentric butterfly valve installation are they ?
• Wafer type
• Lug type It has the benefit of death end service (we can loosen all the bolts at one side of the butterfly valve and remove the pipe at that side for maintenance and the other side of butterfly valve is still tight connected into the other side of the piping with the butterfly valve in closed position to prevent the fluid come out of the piping
Butterfly valve
What is the correct sealing material of the concentric butterfly valve ?• EPDM can be used for
water application but it CANNOT be used for oil or hydrocarbon application
• NITRILE (Buna-N) can be used for either oil/hydrocarbon or water application (very good for oil application)
• Viton can stand higher temperature & can stand certain light chemicals
Butterfly valve
Does concentric butterfly valve need gasketing ?
NO !
Pressure rating of butterfly valve
How many bar is the pressure rating of a concentric butterfly valve ?• 2” to 12” size of Class 125
butterfly valve can stand 200 psi max pressure
• 14” to 24” size of class 125 butterfly valve can stand only 150 psi max pressure
NOTE:For death end services (one side of the pipe is taken out & left the butterfly valve attached with the other side of the piping)• 2” to 12” size of Class 125
butterfly valve can stand 150 psi max pressure
• 14” to 24” size of class 125 butterfly valve can stand only 100 psi max pressure
Pressure-temperature rating of butterfly valve
Since concentric butterfly valve is using rubber as the sealing material what is the limitation of the rubber sealing ?
• Rubber sealing material such as EPDM depends on temperature (has a limitation on temperature)
• Even though the body of concentric butterfly valve is metal the pressure-temperature rating of a butterfly valve is always based on the rubber material characteristic
Evolution of butterfly valve
How many types of butterfly valve are in the market ?• Standard
concentric butterfly valve with rubber sealing we call this concentric butterfly valve
• High performance butterfly valve either double eccentric or triple eccentric type of butterfly valve
High performance butterfly valve
What is the benefit of high performance butterfly valve ?• It can be used for
severe service application (high temperature or very abrasive or very low temperature application with metal seated type of sealing)
• It can be tested with API-598 test procedure
High performance butterfly valve
What is double eccentric butterfly valve ?
High performance butterfly valve
What is double eccentric butterfly valve ?
High performance butterfly valve
What is triple eccentric butterfly valve ?
High performance butterfly valve
What is triple eccentric butterfly valve ?
Floating type of ball valve
What is floating type of ball valve ?• When the ball of
the ball valve is in open position the ball cannot move forward
• When the ball is in closed position the ball will slightly move forward to contact the ball valve’s seat to prevent leakages
Passage in ball valve
What is full bore type & reduced bore type of ball valve ?• Full bore ball valve the ball port dimension is the same as the pipe internal hole dimension
• Reduced bore ball valve the ball port dimension is SMALLER than the pipe hole dimension
Standard type of ball valve
How many type of floating ball valve construction available?
• 1-pce body ball valve
• 2-pcs body ball valve
• 3-pcs body ball valve
Fire safe ball valve What is a fire safe ball valve ?• It has secondary
metal seat behind the soft seat (with fire lip)
• It must has graphite body seal (high temperature)
• It must has graphite stem packing (high temperature)
• It must has anti static device (to make sure there is always electricity continuity flowing along all the ball valve body, ball & stem)
Anti-static device
Anti-Blow out stem
Secondary metal seat
Stem with fire-lip
Fire safe ball valve How a fire safe ball valve works ?• At normal condition the seat will prevent leakages
• After fire when the soft seat burnt & gone at the closed position the secondary metal seat of the ball valve will be in contact with the metal ball & prevent leakages
• Since the body seal & stem packing are made of graphite fire has no effect on them and they can still prevent leakages
Hermetix stem sealing ball valve
What is the unique Hermetix stem sealing of Habonim ball valve ?
• The stem sealing is no more made of graphite packing but of PTFE stem seal material
Hermetix stem sealing ball valveWhat is the benefit of Hermetix stem sealing of Habonimball valve ?
• The Hermetixstem sealing is very flexible and can protect the stem from leaking at any condition !
• So it is called ZERO STEM LEAKAGE type of stem sealing
• Designed especially for pharmaceutical & food industries
Hermetix fire safe stem sealing ball valveWhat is Hermetix fire
safe stem sealing of Habonim ball valve?• The stem sealing is
no more made of graphite packing but of PTFE stem seal
• When the PTFE hermetix sealing is gone after a fire The stem is still leak tight against leakages !
NOTE:It is a benefit for pharmaceutical or food industries because no more graphite material are there
Ball valve’s seat
How many type of seat material are in Habonim ball valve range ?
• There are a few types of seat material All are based on corrosiveness, pressure & temperature application
Seat pressure-temperature rating
Why there are a few type of seat material ?
Seat pressure-temperature rating
Why there are a few type of seat material ?
Special spool piece for weldingWhat is extended SW & BW end of Habonim ball valve?• If the ball valve does not
come with the extended SW or BW before the operator connect & weld the ball valve into the piping they have to dismantle & remove the soft seat & sealing out of the ball valve
• When they have assemblied back the seat & the sealing of the ball valve after welding The ball valve cannot be hydraulically tested again at site !
• By using an extended SW or BW end the welder can weld the ball valve directly into the piping without needed to remove the seat & soft sealing of the ball valve then the factory test certificate is still valid !
Standard ball valve
How many types of Habonim ball valve are as in their standard production ?
• 3-pcs body design• 2-pcs body design• 1-pce body design• Multiport or Diverter
type body design
Special ball valveHow many types of Habonim ball valve are as in special (non-standard) production ?• High pressure• Cryogenic• Metal seated• Sanitary (clean)
service• Double block & bleed• Trunnion mounted• Tanks bottom valve• Special type such as:
Sea water application, Oxygen application, Hydrogen application, Ammonia application, Fugitive emission type, Steam jacketed type & CUSTOM made ball valve
• Profix modulating control ball valve
Tank bottom valve
Steam jacket valve
Fugitive emission valve Wafer ball valve Custom made valve
PROFIX control ball valve
(modulating)
Trunnion mounted type of ball valve
What is the difference of:• Floating ball valve• Trunnion mounted
ball valve
Trunnion mounted type of ball valve
What is the specific features of trunnion mounted ball valve ?• No floating ball
feature• Have trunnion at
the bottom of the ball valve
• Have floating seat to make sure the seat is always be in contact with the ball
• Have vent valve & bleed (drain) valve for double & block application
Trunnion mounted type of ball valveHow floating seat ring work ?• The floating seat
ring material is metal
• There are springs behind the metal seat ring
• There is a soft (PTFE or Nylon) seat inserted on the metal seat ring
• When the body of ball valve is tightened the springs will push the metal seat ring forward so the insert soft seat will always be in contact with the ball !
Metal seat
Insert Soft seat
Trunnion mounted type of ball valve
Valves filled with fuel oil in laboratory setting have exhibited a 75 psi increase in pressure with a
temperature rise of only 1°F.So when the trunnion mounted ball valve is installed
at an open field when the heat from the sun is very hot at the day time the fuel oil will expand inside the body cavity caused by the heat of the sun & the
fuel oil pressure inside the cavity will increase !
What is the problem of fluid trapped inside the body cavity of a trunnion mounted ball valve ?
• When the ball valve receives heat from the sun the fluid pressure inside the body cavity will increases
Trunnion mounted type of ball valve
In case the fluid pressure inside the body cavity increases the cavity fluid pressure will push the floating seat ring forward the excessive fluid pressure will be relieved from the body cavity to the downstream of the ball
What is self relieving seat (single piston effect seat rings) feature in trunnion mounted ball valve ?
• When the fluid pressure inside the ball valve’s body cavity increases the excessive fluid pressure will push the floating metal seat ring forward and the excessive pressure of the fluid inside the body cavity will be relieved automatically to the downstream side of the ball valve
• It is a standard feature of a trunnion mounted ball valve
Trunnion mounted type of ball valveWhat is the double piston effect seat rings of a trunnion mounted ball valve ?• This is an option If the
fluid trapped inside the body cavity of the ball valve is not allowed to be relieved into the downstream of the ball valve by customer !
• When the fluid pressure inside the body cavity increases there is an extra pressure relief valve installed at the drain hole at the bottom of the ball valve then the pressure relief valve will be open to relieve the excessive pressure out of the ball valve’s body cavity
Trunnion mounted type of ball valveWhat is the double block & bleed feature of a trunnion mounted ball valve ?• When the ball valve
is in fully closed or fully open position and when we open the drain valve at the bottom of the ball valve the fluid trapped inside the body cavity of the ball valve will be drained out to atmosphere
• If after sometimes the fluid is still coming out of the drain valve continuously it shows that the ball valve’s seat is already leaking !
Trunnion mounted type of ball valve
What is the fire safe design of a trunnion mounted ball valve ?• After the fire
the insert soft seat will be burnt & gone but the metal seat will still be in contact with the ball to prevent leaking
Trunnion mounted type of ball valve
What is emergency sealant nipple for injection?
In case the ball valve’s seat or stem packing fail and create leaking we can inject a special sealant through this emergency sealant nipple the sealant will be hardened and can act as a temporary replacement seat & temporary stem packing.
Standard pertaining to gate valveDouglas CheroAPI-6DAPI-602ASME B16.10ASME B16.34API-598
K J SAPI-6DAPI-600API-603 (stainless
steel body)ASME B16.10ASME B16.34API-598
Standard pertaining to globe valveDouglas CheroAPI-6DBS-5352ASME B16.10ASME B16.34API-598
K J SAPI-6DAPI-600API-603 (stainless
steel body)ASME B16.10ASME B16.34API-598
Standard pertaining to chek valveDouglas CheroAPI-6DBS-5352ASME B16.10ASME B16.34API-598
K J SAPI-6DAPI-600API-603 (stainless
steel body)ASME B16.10ASME B16.34API-598
Standard pertaining to ball valve
HabonimAPI-6DAPI std 607ASME B16.10ASME B16.34API-598
Valve for saturated steam
Class 800 forged steel valve with standard A-105 type of material can stand saturated steam without problem !For example: • 20 barG of saturated steam temperature is 212.38°C is used• At 204.5°C class 800 forged steel valve can stand 116.6 bar pressure
NOTE:Valve’s seat ring must be stellited for saturated steam application
Saturated steam table
Valve for saturated steam
Class 150 or class 300 cast steel valve with standard A216-WCB type of material can stand saturated steam without problem !For example: • 20 barG (290 psiG) of saturated steam temperature is 212.38°C (414°F) is used• At 400°F (204°C) class 300 cast steel valve can stand 635 psi (43.8 bar) pressure • At 500°F (260°C) class 300 cast steel valve can stand 605 psi (41.72 bar) pressure
NOTE:Valve’s seat ring must be stellited for saturated steam application
Saturated steam table
Valve for superheated steam
Application:Superheated steam, 500°C & 40 bar is usedIf we look at the A182-F22 forged steel material P/T-chartAt 510°C temperature the class 1500 valve can stand 130 bar pressure !
NOTE:Valve’s seat ring + valve’s disc must be stellited for superheated steam application
Valve for superheated steam
Application:Superheated steam, 400°C (753°F) & 40 bar (580 psi)If we look at the A216-WCB cast steel material P/T chartAt 750°F temperature the class 600 valve can stand 1,010 psi pressure
NOTE:Valve’s seat ring + valve’s disc must be stellited for superheated steam application
