Date post: | 21-Jan-2015 |
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Functions of Skeleton System
Skeletal system provides a structure for the body. It includes a vertebrae of spine and supports upper body and head.
Types of Bones Small bones-includes bones in legs and armsShort bones-bones in wrist and anklesFlat bones-In skull and protect organs like the
rib cageIrregular bones-facial bones or vertebrae
bones
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/skeletalsystem.html
Joints• Joints are the point were bones meet.
Types of Joints
• Ball-and-socket joints- formed when a rounded head of one bone
fits into the rounded cavity of an jointed bone.
• Hinge joints-would include elbow, knee, ankle, and fingers.
Allows bone to bend and straighten
• Pivot joints- allow limited rotation or turning of the head
• Ellipsoidal joints- bone in wrist, and a oval shaped part that
fits in a curved space, the joints slide over each other
• Saddle Joints – two directional movement; between thumb and carpal
• Gliding – least moveable (side to side); between vertebrae
Care of the Skeletal System
Ways to care for the Skeletal system is to eat foods that contain calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus, they can help prevent the development of certain skeletal disorders.
Problems of the Skeletal System
Problems of the skeletal system can be a result of poor nutrition, infections, sports, and recreational injuries and poor posture. Osteoporosis and dislocation of the joints are also other problems of the Skeletal System.
Vocabulary• Osteoporosis- is a condition in which progressive loss of bone tissue occurs• Scoliosis- a lateral, or side-to-side, curvature of the spine• Repetitive motion injury- is a damage to tissues caused by prolonged, repeated
movements such as computer work
FracturesHairline fractures- is where the fracture
incompleteTransverse fracture- a fracture that is
completely across the boneComminuted fracture- is were the bone
shatters into more than two pieces. JointsDislocation- is when the ligaments attached to
the bone are torn or out of placeTorn cartilage- is a sharp blow or twisting of
the jointArthritis- inflammation of the joint and is a
result of natural wear and tear
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of
bone structureOsteoporosis is NOT a natural part of aging
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent bone disease
There is increased risk for women, post-menopausal,
over age 65All races, sexes, and ages
are susceptible to Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is preventable and treatable!
If you have arthritis, you may experience:Joint painJoint swellingReduced ability to move the jointRedness of the skin around a jointStiffness, especially in the morningWarmth around a joint
Arthritis is inflammation of one or more joints, which results in pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement. There are over 100 different types of arthritis.
Symptoms:Backache or low-back painFatigueShoulders or hips appear unevenSpine curves abnormally to the side (laterally)
Scoliosis is a curving of the spine. The spine curves away from the middle or sideways.
Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing of the back, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.
Rickets is a disorder caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. It leads to softening and weakening of the bones.
Bone pain or tendernessDental deformities
Decreased muscle tone (loss of muscle strength)
Progressive weaknessImpaired growth
Increased bone fracturesMuscle cramps
Short stature (adults less than 5 feet tall)Skeletal deformities
Asymmetrical or odd-shaped skullBowlegs
Breastbone pushed forward (pigeon chest)Pelvic deformitiesSpine deformities
Osteosarcoma is a cancerous (malignant) bone tumor that usually develops during the period of rapid growth that occurs in adolescence, as a teenager matures into an adult.
Bone fracture (may occur after what seems like a routine movement)Bone painLimitation of motionLimping (if the tumor is in the leg)Pain when lifting (if the tumor is in the arm)Tenderness, swelling, or redness at the site of the tumor
Functions of the Muscular System
Involuntary Some involuntary functions of the muscular
system are muscles to help you breathe, make your heart beat, and help move food through the
digestive system.
Voluntary Some voluntary functions of the muscular
system are like playing piano, running, playing video games, and throwing a ball.
Vocabulary
Smooth muscles- acts on the lining of passageways and internal organs.
Skeletal muscles- these are attached to the bone and cause body movements
Cardiac Muscles- is a type of striated muscle that forms the wall of the heart
Problems of the Muscle System
Bruise- is a area of discolored skin that appears after an injury.
Tendonitis- is a inflammation of the tendon, caused by injury or over use aging
Hernia- when a organ or tissue protrudes through an area of weak muscle.
The Muscular System