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Skeletal Muscles:Head, Neck and Trunk Muscles
10-1
Muscles of the Neck
10-2
Fig. 11.8
Anterolateral Neck Muscles• Sternocleidomastoid
• One or both may contract
Posterior Neck Muscles• Trapezius
Fig. 11.10
Mylohyoid
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Geniohyoid
Hyoid bone
Clavicle
Semispinalis capitis (cut)
Splenius capitis (cut)
Sternocleidomastoid
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Deep Deeper
Muscles of Facial Expression
10-3
Fig. 11.2Elevators• Levator labii superioris, Occipitofrontalis, Zygomaticus
Depressors• Depressor labii inferioris, Platysma
Other actions• Buccinator, Orbicularis oculi, Orbicularis oris
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus
Depressor labii inferioris
PlatysmaPlatysma
Depressor labii inferioris
Orbicularis oris
Zygomaticus
Levator labii superioris
Orbicularis oculi
Temporalis
Masseter
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Muscles of Facial Expression
10-4
Elevators• Levator labii superioris, Occipitofrontalis, Zygomaticus
Depressors• Depressor labii inferioris, Platysma
Other actions• Buccinator, Orbicularis oculi, Orbicularis oris
Muscles of Facial Expression
10-5Fig. 11.3
Muscles of Mastication
10-6
Major Muscles• Temporalis and Masseter
Temporalis:Origin - temporal lines of parietalInsertion - coronoid processMasseter:Origin - zygomatic archInsertion - lateral side of mandible
Fig. 11.5
Hyoid Muscles
10-7
Actions of hyoid muscles: move mandible and hyoid
Fig. 11.8
Mylohyoid
DigastricAnterior belly
Posterior belly
Geniohyoid
Hyoid bone
Clavicle
MylohyoidDigastricAnterior belly
Posterior belly
Trunk Muscles - Muscles of Vertebral Column
10-8
Fig. 11.11
Superficial:• Erector spinae (Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis), Semispinalis, and MultifidusDeep:• InterspinalisActions:• Extension, rotation, lateral flexion of the back
Multifidus
Iliocostalis
LongissimusSpinalis
Erector spinae
Deep Deeper
Semispinalis
Muscles of Respiration
10-9
Fig. 11.13
Inspiration:• Diaphragm is primary muscle of inspiration (depresses floor of thoracic cavity)• External intercostals elevate ribs
Expiration:• Internal intercostals depress ribs
TrapeziusExtend Head, Adduct, Elevate or Depress Scapula
Latissimus DorsiExtend, Adduct & Rotate Arm Medially
DeltoidAbduct, Flex & Extend Arm
Pectoralis MajorFlexes, adducts & rotates arm medially
Biceps BrachiiFlexes Elbow Joint
Triceps BrachiiExtend Elbow Joint
Rectus AbdominusFlexes Abdomen
External ObliqueCompress Abdomen
Forearm Muscles• Flexor carpi—Flexes wrist• Extensor carpi—Extends wrist• Flexor digitorum—Flexes fingers• Extensor digitorum—Extends fingers• Pronator—Pronates • Supinator—Supinates
Gluteus MaximusExtends & Rotates Thigh Laterally
Rectus Femoris
Flexes Thigh, Extends Lower Leg
GracilisAdducts and Flexes
Thigh
SartoriusFlexes Thigh, & Rotates Thigh
Laterally
Biceps Femoris
Extends Thigh & Flexes Lower Leg
Tibialis Anterior
Dorsiflexes and Inverts Foot
GastrocnemiusPlantar Flexes
Foot & Flex Lower Leg
Big Picture
• Function of all three major types of muscle (skeletal, cardiac, smooth) is integral to function of the entire body
• All three types of muscle tissue provide the movement necessary for survival
• Relative constancy of the body’s internal temperature is maintained by “waste” heat generated by muscle tissue
10-26