Skeletal System

Skeletal System (on sheet, not “notes”)

Organ System Function Organs/Parts

Skeletal System • To support the body• To protect the body

• Bones…

All 206 on display

What is bone? (notes)

• Bone is mostly made of collagen

• The collagen is strengthened by calcium phosphate, which is what makes bones hard

• The more calcium phosphatea bone has, the harder it is

Formula: Ca3(PO4)2

Structure:

Protection (not notes)

• Two main areas of protection: skull and rib cage

Hardest Substance (not notes)

• The hardest substance in your body is tooth enamel

• Is up to 96% mineral content

Bone is Alive! (not notes)

• Your bones are just as alive as other parts of your body, even if it doesn’t look like it

Osteoblast, a cell that produces hard boneDiagram of blood supply to bone

Activity #1: No Bones about It

• On your sheet see if you can match the scientific/medical name of the bone with its common name

• Write the letter of the common name in the box next to the scientific/medical name

• After four minutes I will put up some slides to help you

Students are not responsible for knowing these…

…or these

Tendons and ligaments (notes)

• Tendons and ligaments are connecting tissue made of collagen

• A tendon connects a muscle to a bone

• A ligament connects a bone to another bone

Achilles Tendon (not notes)

• The longest and strongest tendon in the human body, it connects the calf muscle with the heel

• The Achilles Tendon also functions as a “spring”, absorbing some of the energy in each step and releasing it on the next

Achilles Tendon (not notes)

• Copying designs from hopping animals, engineers have produced “hopping boots”

• The metal on the back acts as a super Achilles Tendon and lets people run up to 25 miles per hour with relatively little effort

ACL (not notes)

• ACL stands for “anterior cruciate ligament”

• It is one of two major ligaments that connect the upper leg (femur) to the lower leg (tibia)

• Unfortunately, it is susceptible to being damaged by heavy activity such as sports

Anterior = in the frontCruciate = crossed

Biomechanics (not notes)

• Biomechanics is the study of the body as a machine

• In biomechanics the angles of the joints, the forces of the muscles, and the loads on the bones are calculated and treated as an engineering problem

Heels and Force (not notes)

• Michael Jordan is famed for having one of the greatest vertical jump distances in history

• Studies show that MJ’s heel bone is longer than the average person’s, giving him greater leverage when he jumps

Discus Throw (not notes)

• “Discus” is an Olympic sport where a disc is thrown as far as possible

• Scientists were able to analyze the motions of athletes and figure out where energy was being wasted

• Using this knowledge athletes adjusted their techniques and significantly improved their distances

Joints (not notes)

• Your joints fall into several categories

• Joints can move in 1, 2, or 3 directions

• Each joint’s shape matches its needs

Activity #4: Articulating Joints

• Figure out whether the following joints can move in 1, 2, or 3 directions

• When testing, try to keep all other bones still