1. Skeletal tissue and system

2. Skeletal systemBones and cartilage Protect organs Allow for motion 3. Orthopaedics (Orthopedics) Medical specialty for restorative treatment of skeleton and articulations (joints) and associated connective tissue 4. Skeletal system tissue Cartilage Bone Dense connective 5. Skeletal system functions Support Protection Movement (along with attached muscle) Mineral Storage (calcium) Storage and production of blood cell red marrow (hematopoiesis) Energy storage -yellow marrow 6. Bone tissue cell types 7. Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells From mesenchyme Can proliferate (mitosis) Can differentiate In periosteum, endosteum and canalicula 8. Osteoblasts Form bone Produce & secrete organic (collagenous) components Produce & secrete mineral salts (hydroxyapatite; calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate) Can no longer divide 9. Osteocytes Major cell of bone tissue Mature bone cells Maintain bone Trapped in their own secretions 10. Osteoclasts Reabsorb bone (degrade bone) Critical for remodeling and development and repair Located on bone surface 11. Types of bone 12. Long bone structure Diaphysis shaft / main portion Epiphysis ends Metaphysis btwn dia & epiphysis Cartilage hyaline for shock absorption and friction reduction Periosteum dense covering of two layers for growth, repair & attachments Elastic fibers and blood vessels Osteogenic, -clast & -blast cells 13. Long bone structure Medullary cavity (bone marrow) Within diaphysis Yellow bone marrow in adults Fat and blood cells Endosteum lines medulla Osteoblasts and clasts 14. Compact bone and spongy bone 15. Compact and spongy bone 16. Compact bone characteristicsLittle spaceThick in diaphysis Thin in epiphysis Protection and support 17. Compact bone structure Rings of bone material - Osteons Contain osteocytes Lacunae space in which osteocytes are trapped Canaliculi connect to lacunae, little canals for nutrient and waste distribution Central canals lead to perforating canals 18. Spongy bone 19. Spongy bone No true osteons Trabeculae irregular thin bone plates Red marrow between trabeculae Produces blood cellsOsteocyte containing lacunae within trabeculae 20. Bone Formation Intramembranous Ossification Formation of bone within fibrous membranes Forms flat bones of skullEndochondral ossification Most common type of bone formation Bone forms from cartilage 21. Intramembranous Ossification 22. Intramembranous Ossification 23. Endochondral Ossification 24. Endochondral Ossification 25. Endochondral Ossification 26. Bone disorders Osteoporosis 27. Bone disorders Osteomalacia (rickets in children) 28. Bone disorders Osteomyelitis 29. Bone disorders Osteoarthritis 30. Bone disorders 31. Bone fractures 32. Bone repair 33. Calcium Homeostasis PTH (parathyroid hormone)Calcitonin