7/10/14
1
Skeletal Anatomy NC Chiropractic Assistant Certification Education
Dr. Joe Siragusa
Fundamentals
Ê Anatomy-‐ the study of the parts
Ê Physiology-‐ the study of how the parts function
Ê The Cell-‐ basic unit of life
Ê Atoms (Elements) – Molecules – Cells – Tissue – Organs –
Ê Organ Systems i.e. Skeletal, muscular, nervous, digestive
Fundamentals
Ê Cells have a pre-‐programmed structure and function
Ê Controlled by Innate, Life Force, other
Ê Cells that BALANCE their functions based on the environment are in HOMEOSTASIS (steady-‐state)
Ê Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems that are maintaining a steady state are in HOMEOSTASIS or HEALTH
Ê The inability to maintain homeostasis is DISEASE
Subluxation
Ê Spinal dysfunction/misalignment plus nerve interference that prevents homeostasis
Ê May include: Ê Spasm
Ê Inflammation Ê Pain
Ê Swelling
Ê Redness
Ê Heat
Ê Loss of Function (Disease)
7/10/14
2
Chiropractic Adjustment
Ê Adjustment-‐ restoration of spinal function using the hands or, in some cases, and instrument
Skeletal Cells
Ê Osteoblasts – make bone Matrix-‐ protein and minerals i.e. Calcium xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Ê Osteoclasts – resorb (eat) bone Cxxxxxxxxxx
Ê Is bone alive or dead?
Ê Fractured or broken?
Skeletal Tissue
Ê Long bone anatomy
Ê Cortex
Ê Trabecular bone Ê Bone Marrow – blood production
Ê Periosteum
Ê Periosteum = “pain sensitive”
Skeletal Tissue – Typical Long Bone
Ê Femur
7/10/14
3
Skeletal -‐ Formation
Ê Cartilage to bone
Ê Growth (Epiphysial) Plates
Skeletal Tissue-‐ Fracture
Ê Femur Tibia
Skeletal-‐ Spine
Ê 24 moveable vertebrae
Ê 7 Cervical (C1-‐C7)
Ê 12 Thoracic (T1-‐T12)
Ê 5 Lumbar (L1-‐L5)
Ê Kyphosis
Ê Lordosis
Ê 24 vertebrae
Skeletal – Typical Vertebrae
1. Spinous Process
2. Vertebral Body
3. Intervertebral Disc
4. Intervertebral Foramen
5. Transverse Process (TVP)
6. Facet Joints
7/10/14
4
Skeletal – Typical Vertebra
Ê Transverse Process
Skeletal -‐ Spine
Ê Intervertebral Discs
Skeletal-‐ Scoliosis
Ê Short leg
Ê Malformation
Ê Subluxation
Ê Spasm
Ê Disc
Skeletal – Spine (cont.)
Ê Special Vertebrae Ê C1 Atlas-‐ no spinous
Ê C2 Axis Dens or Odontoid
Ê Bifid Spinous
7/10/14
5
Skeletal – Skull
• Infant – Fontanelles
• Occiput
• Mandible
• Frontal
• Parietal
• Temporal Mastoid Process*
• Maxilla
• Temporo-‐Mandibilar Joint* (TMJ)
Skeletal – Rib Cage
Ê Ribs-‐ bone / cartilage
Ê Sternum
Skeletal -‐ Pelvis
Ê Ilium
Ê Sacrum
Ê Pelvic Outlet / Birth Canal
Ê Symphysis Pubis
Ê Coccyx
Ê Acetabulum
Ê Sacro-‐Iliac Joint (SI Joint)
Ê Femur Ê Head and Neck Ê Greater Trochanter Ê Shaft
Skeletal – Upper Extremity
Ê Scapula
Ê Clavicle
Ê Humorus
Ê Ulna Ê Olecranon Ê Epicondyles
Ê Radius Ê Pronate
Ê Supinate
Ê Carpals
Ê Metacarpals
Ê Phalanges
Acromion Process
7/10/14
6
Skeletal – Lower Extremity
Ê Femur
Ê Patella
Ê Tibia
Ê Fibula
Skeletal -‐ Foot
Ê Tarsals Ê Talus Ê Calcaneous
Ê Metatarsals
Ê Phalanges
Ê Sesamoids
Tibia
Skeletal – Ligaments
Ê Ligaments Ê Do not contract Ê Minimal Stretch
Ê Kite String
Skeletal -‐ Bursa
Ê Sacs of oily liquid
Ê Lubrication
7/10/14
7
Skeletal -‐ Meniscus
Ê Cartilage Cushion
Ê Lubrication
Ê Reduce Friction
Ê No blood supply
Skeletal -‐ Joints
Ê TMJ
Ê Intervertebral – Facet
Ê Lumbo-‐sacral
Ê Sacro-‐iliac
Ê Gleno-‐humeral (Shoulder)
Ê Sterno-‐clavicular
Ê Acromio-‐clavicular
Ê Costo-‐vertebral
Ê Patello-‐femoral
Joint Motions
Ê Anatomical Position
Ê Midline Reference
Ê Flexion
Ê Extension
Ê Rotation
Ê Depression
Ê Elevation
Skeletal -‐ Review
Review