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Skills & Training Needs 2013Victorian Public Administration and Safety Industry

Published by HESG

Department of Education and Early Childhood Development

Melbourne May 2014

©State of Victoria (Department of Education and Early Childhood Development) 2014

The copyright in this document is owned by the State of Victoria (Department of Education and Early Childhood Development), or in the case of some materials, by third parties (third party materials). No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968, the National Education Access Licence for Schools (NEALS) (see below) or with permission.

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Authorised by the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development

2 Treasury Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.

Contents Introduction 5Industry and data scope 7Public Administration and Safety trendsand issues 8Government administration 9Defence 9Justice 9Public order/safety services 9Regulatory services 10

Public Administration and Safety workforce and skills 14Employment by age 17Employment by gender 17Employment by qualification 18

Public Administration and Safety vocational training provision 22Enrolments 22Apprentices and trainees 22Specialised and in-shortage occupations 23Qualification level 23Completed qualifications 23Government subsidised enrolments 23Specialised or in-shortage 23Qualification levels – 2013 24Completed qualifications 24Courses by funding band 26Enrolments by funding band 26

Appendix A 31

Introduction 5

Introduction

In the context of Victoria’s dynamic economy, a demand-led approach is the best way to ensure a responsive vocational training system that will help as many people as possible build skills that lead to better jobs. This is most evident in the results of the market approach embodied in the VictorianTraining Guarantee, which has achieved positive outcomes for both students and the economy.

The Refocusing Vocational Training in Victoria reforms are designed to satisfy important criteria for a strong vocational training market. Through these reforms the Governmentis ensuring that the vocational training system continues to produce positive outcomes for students, businesses and Victoria.

Through Refocusing Vocational Training, there is a role for Government in monitoring, providing information and responding to the performance of the vocational trainingsystem. A key mechanism by which the government exercises this role is through the Industry Participation Model. The Industry Participation Model is based on a new partnership approach between Government, industry and training providers. It increases industry influence within the training market by supporting more direct relationships between industry and training providers and by increasing direct consultation with Government.

An aim of the Industry Participation Model is to seek to improve information sharing about training provision, options, outcomes, gaps and associated barriers between industry, training providers and employers to improve alignment between industry needs and training delivery. A suite of information products and tools are being developed, of which this report is one, to support this aim and an overview of these are provided overleaf.

This report describes training and economic activity and developments related to Victoria’s Public Administration and Safety industry, bringing together a range of qualitative and quantitative insights from desk research and industry engagement. It highlights both the challenges the industry faces in attracting the right skills, and the opportunities businesses, training providers and government have to address these challenges. Key metrics used in this report include enrolments by sub-industry, qualification level, occupation, courses, age group, gender, learners facing

barriers, provider type, reason for study and completions. The report also covers apprentices and trainees, and an analysis of the alignment between training delivery and specific industry skills needs. The report produces industry, sub-industry and region-specific findings and, wherever possible, presents comparisons to developments at the State level.

The purpose of this report is:

1. To provide a basis for understanding the Public Administration and Safety industry in relation to employment levels, skills shortage occupations, current alignment and responsiveness of the vocational training market to the needs of the sector and to provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities in meeting industry vocational skills needs both now and into the future.

2. To give detailed information around vocational training enrolments by occupation, location, qualification levels and other student characteristics, as it relates to the Public Administration and Safety industry in order to gauge current trends in vocational training delivery.

3. To summarise the context of the Public Administration and Safety industry in relation to the size and scale of the labour and training markets as well as the current policy, economic and social drivers that it is facing.

6 Skills & Training Needs 2013 – Victorian Public Administration and Safety Industry

Suite of Information Products & ToolsVictorian Quarterly Training Market ReportsOn-going series of quarterly reports aimed at providing a summary of Victorian training market performance following the introduction of the student entitlement system. The report covers three sections – the first provides an overview of the performance of the Victorian training market, the second section examines the participation of learners facing barriers and the third examines the alignment of training to industry skills needs.http://www.education.vic.gov.au/ training/providers/market/Pages/ reports.aspx

Vocational Training: Victoria’s RegionAnnual publication examining training delivery in each of Victoria’s regions in the context of the local population, economy and workforce, building apicture of the relationship between the local training system and regional skills needs, training market performance and responsiveness.http://www.education.vic.gov.au/ training/providers/market/Pages/ regionaltrends.aspx

Vocational Training: Victoria’s Industry ReportPublished annually, this report combines industry intelligence and economic analysis with training data to build a more complete picture of the relationship between industry skills needs, employment opportunities and skills training. Each of the 19 industry training profiles provides economic context and a summary of training challenges and highlights from IPM initiatives.http://www.education.vic.gov.au/ training/employers/industry/Pages/ marketinfo.aspx

Industry Sub-sector Summary Reports and Industry Factsheets46 sub-sector industry summary reports produced annually which highlight industry labour and training market dynamics with an overview of current and forecast employment needs and vocational training patterns across the sectors and at the regional level.http://www.education.vic.gov.au/ training/employers/industry/Pages/ marketinfo.aspx

Business Toolkit and Case StudiesToolkit for employers providing information on how to get government- subsidised training under the Victorian Training Guarantee; getting the best training for your business, with a helpful checklist; information of Recognition of Prior Learning; and a range of interesting employer and training provider case studies.http://www.education.vic.gov.au/ training/employers/workforce/Pages/ marketfacilitation.aspx

Portfolio Industry ReportsThese reports describe training and economic activity and developments related to key Victoria’s industry sectors. Highlighted are both the challenges the industry faces in attracting the right skills, and the opportunities businesses, training providers and government have to address these challenges. A rangeof key workforce and training metrics are also provided. There are two tiers of reports. One is detailed reports, representing the focus industries for the Department in 2013, and summary reports covering other industry sectors.http://www.education.vic.gov.au/ training/employers/industry/Pages/ marketinfo.aspx

Industry BlogA forum for people interested in industry skills and training issues in Victoria, the blog features a range of topics relevant to stakeholders, information on recent industry events, groups and forums and new initiatives focused on enhancing market performance through facilitation activities.http://skillsblogvic.wordpress.com/

Industry Skills Update - e-AlertsRegular email updates featuring the latest news about IPM activities; market facilitation and related government initiatives; reports; and training performance information.To subscribe contact: Department of Education & Early ChildhoodDevelopment, [email protected]. gov.au

Web Pages – Industry Training Market Information19 webpages with information about the skills and training market for Victorian industries. For each industry, there’s a training snapshot, information about skills in demand, training market intelligence reports along with more detailed reporting for each industry sub- sector. Information is updated regularly.http://www.education.vic.gov.au/ training/employers/industry/Pages/ marketinfo.aspx

Rate Your TrainingRatings tool for industry and employers which is a simple-to-use system where employers can rate the performanceof a training provider in a particular study area against selected criteria,and review and compare the ratings of other employers.http://rateyourtraining.com.au/

E-Marketplace (in development)Website which facilitates connections between employers and training providers. Employers can anonymously post their training requirements and training providers are able to provide structured response online. Employers are then able to review the response with no obligation, create a shortlist and follow up directly with their preferred providers.

Victorian Skills GatewayOne-stop-shop of Victorian vocational education and training to help find the best option for students. Searches can be performed on occupations, courses, training providers, video and written case studies. This website is also viewable via a purpose-built smartphone interface. http://www.education.vic.gov.au/ victorianskillsgateway/Pages/home.aspx

Industry and data scope 7

Industry and data scope

This section summarises the scope of the Public Administration and Safety industry1 as well as key data sources.

Public Administration and Safety industry definedPublic Administration and Safety includes businesses and agencies mainly engaged in Central, State or LocalGovernment legislative, executive and judicial activities; in providing physical, social, economic and general public safety and security services; and in enforcing regulations.

Central, State or Local Government legislative, executive and judicial activities includes:

• the setting of policy;

• the oversight of government programs;

• collecting revenue to fund government programs;

• creating statute laws and by-laws;

• creating case law through the judicial processes of civil, criminal and other courts; and

• distributing public funds.

Public Administration and Safety also includes military defence, government representation and international government organisations. Activities in this area include:

• police services;

• investigation and security services;

• fire protection and other emergency services;

• correctional and detention services;

• regulatory services;

• border control; and

• other public order and safety services.

Government ownership is not a criterion for classification to this industry.

1 As defined by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006.

Figure 1.1: Public Administration and Safety ANZSIC breakdown

ANZSICcode

ANZSIC industry

75 Public Administration

751 Central Government Administration

752 State Government Administration

753 Local Government Administration

754 Justice

755 Government Representation

76 Defence77 Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services

771 Public Order and Safety Services

772 Regulatory Services

DataThe main source of data on vocational training activities is the training activity database referred to as SV Training System (SVTS).

The report presents findings for the time period from 2008 to 2013, with an emphasis on developments and patterns in the 2013 calendar year. The 2013 data is based on data extracted from SVTS as at 11 February 2014 and subject to revision.

This report includes government subsidised training enrolments and domestic fee for service activities of TAFEs. However, TAFE fee for service activities below Certificate level and those provided by private RTOs and Adult Community Education (Learn Local) providers are not included. Data on completions contain all government subsidised and fee for service enrolments at any course level by all providers.

Note that enrolment numbers have been rounded to the nearest ten.


Public Administration and Safety trends and issues

This section focuses on the Public Administration and Safety industry as a whole. It covers the key issues and challenges, including economic conditions, new regulations, demographic changes, changing social attitudes, new technology/ processes, changing consumer tastes, environmental sustainability and the direction of industry restructuring.

Key messages• In Victoria, the Public Administration and Safety industry

contributed around four per cent of Victoria’s total output in 2012-13 (approximately $12 billion).

• Industry output is projected to grow by approximately five per cent over the five years to 2017-18. This growth in output is below the anticipated State growth rate of 14 per cent across all Victorian industries.

• Public Administration and Safety organisations are fairly evenly distributed throughout the state of Victoria, reflecting the need for these services in all geographic areas.

• Federal and state governments face budget pressures, putting pressure on the budgets of many Public Administration and Safety organisations.

• Public sector organisations are facing greater service level demands due to issues such as population growth, increased frequency of natural disasters and extreme weather events, and greater consumer expectations.

• Technological advancements, such as the National Broadband Network (NBN) and the increased use of mobile technologies and tablet computers, areimpacting the industry and offer significant productivity improvements if well implemented.

Industry trends and outlookThe Public Administration and Safety industry is diverse, and includes emergency services, international government organisations and local councils.

While the industry is varied, there are some common challenges and opportunities across sub-sectors. This section will discuss some of these common issues, before covering each sub-sector of the industry.

Many Public Administration and Safety organisations grew strongly in the years following the global financial crisis as governments implemented economic stimulus measures to moderate an expected fall in demand and private sector activity, and a rise in unemployment. These measures contributed to an increase in government debt, a trendgovernments are now actively addressing. While deficits and public debt will fall as the economy grows and government revenue increases, expenditure is likely to grow more slowly than in the past, or be reduced by governments.

While expenditure may stagnate or fall, community expectations of Public Administration and Safety organisations are likely to continue to grow. The ageing of the population will contribute to this as demand for health care and aged care services is likely to rise. This is likely to increase demand for skills in these areas – indeed thehealth care industry is already experiencing skills shortages. Community expectations of public safety services have also been rising, as demonstrated by recent media coverage of late night violence in city centres.

As a result of pressure on government budgets and increasing community expectations, across much of the Public Administration and Safety industry there will be pressureon organisations to become more efficient in order to maintain, and at times, increase service provision in the face of tightening budgets.2 This is likely to increase the premium on management skills in the sector as organisations look for change leaders and those with skills in ‘lean enterprise’ to modify their operations.

Technological change continues to play a role in the way in which the industry operates. Emerging areas include video conferencing, the proliferation of CCTV cameras, the increasing use of social media, and capitalising on large data collections through analysis and machine learning.These changing technologies are likely to be a major driver of changing skills needs across the majority of the industry’s subsectors. Some organisations are well placed to take up these new areas, due to the skills of their current workforce. Other organisations will need to work to recruit and develop internally the skills needed to take full advantage of new technologies.

Industry and data scope 9

2 Government Skills Australia, Environmental Scan 2013.

Public Administration and Safety trends and issues 9

Government administrationGovernment administration includes federal and state/ territory governments, local councils, statutory bodies and state-owned corporations. Government employees develop, review and implement government policies and provide an array of services for the community. There is a diverse range of occupations within the public sector, covering areas such finance, economics, education, health, and essential services.

In recent years there has been an increase in the outsourcing of functions previously performed by the public sector. There is also a trend towards using labour hire. These trends are being driven by the need to reduce expenditure and to ensure a more flexible workforce, and mean there continues to be a greater focus on contract and project management in public sector roles.

Local councils are seeing an increase in demand for their services, linked in part to population growth, while also experiencing budgetary constraints. Importantly, around 60 per cent of local councils have a volunteer workforce, aiding the delivery of effective and responsive services to the community.3 The volunteer workforce does, however, increase the complexity of workforce development for these councils. This large volunteer workforce has implications forthe skills required in the paid workforces of councils. The paid workforce requires strong management skills, including the ability to motivate and maintain the volunteer workforce, to ensure volunteers’ skills are fully utilised.

DefenceThe Australian Defence Force (ADF) consists of the Navy, Army, Air Force and members of the Australian Public Service. The primary focus of the ADF is to ‘protect and advance Australia’s strategic interests by providing military forces and supporting those forces in the defence of Australia and its strategic interests’.4

In recent years, the ADF has also played a crucial role in natural disaster responses in Australia and overseas, including the Queensland floods, the Victorian bushfires and earthquakes in Japan and New Zealand.

Importantly for the sub-sector, in 2012, the National Skills Standards Council endorsed the Defence Training Package

3 Government Skills Australia, Environmental Scan 2013.

4 Department of Defence 2012, Defence Portfolio Budget Statements 2012 2013.


(DEF12) which formally separated the Defence training material from the Public Safety Training Package. The change means updating Defence-related courses should take place more quickly, allowing evolving operational needs to be better met.

JusticeThe Justice sub-sector includes civil and criminal courts, and royal commissions and similarly constituted inquiries. Justice organisations create case law through the judicial processes of civil, criminal and other court operations. This sub-sector is small and does not include lawyers who represent clients in the courts.

There is also a move to make the justice system more accessible and easier to understand for the public as well as carrying out sentencing reform.

Public order/safety servicesThe public order/safety organisations include police, fire, search and rescue, emergency services and emergency management services. These organisations play a key role in the preparation for, response to, and recovery fromnatural and man-made threats. The sub-sector also includes correctional services, which involves the management and supervision of offenders in both custodial and community- based corrections.

Over recent years, the public safety sector has seen increased demand for accountability and interoperability among agencies. Public safety organisations are reporting that they are increasingly required to collaborate with other organisations, primarily in the context of emergency responses.5 Increased media attention on public safety organisations is also increasing the accountability faced by these agencies.

Corrections services has recently seen a wave of outsourcing as services previously carried out by government have been moved to the private sector in Victoria. Within the correctional services sector there has also been an increased focuson reducing the risk of reoffending through services and programs focussed on successful reintegration of prisoners on their release.6

5 Government Skills Australia, Environmental Scan 2013.6 Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision 2013,

Report on Government Services Volume 1: Early Childhood, Education and Training, Justice, Emergency Management.


Regulatory servicesRegulatory services involve enforcing regulations, granting licenses and carrying out inspection activities. Relevant regulations are established by Acts of Parliament and cover technical details that may be subject to frequent change. Organisations in this sub-sector work in the regulation of casinos, qualifications, and food.

Increased globalisation is presenting challenges for this sector as regulating food and agricultural standards plays an important part of free trade agreements and so is regularly changing.

Table 2.1: Key trends in the Public Administration and Safety industry and their potential impacts on skills

Grouping Change drivers Skills impact

Government administration

Defence Justice

Public order/ safety services

Regulatory services

Political Government expenditure reviews

Economic Employment market and job skill requirements

= = = = =

Outsourcing of functions

= =

Social Trends in volunteerism

= = = =

Community expectations

=

Technological Improved technology

= Key: Driver has indirect impact on skills; = Driver has low skills impact, and places marginal pressure on skills development; Driver has high skills impact, and places upward pressure on skills development; Driver places downward pressure on skills development.


Economic contributionVictoria’s Public Administration and Safety industry contributed approximately $12 billion to the State economy in 2012-13, around four per cent of total output. The industrydirectly employs approximately 133,000 workers, representing five per cent of Victorian employment.

Industry output is projected to grow by approximately five per cent over the five years to 2017-18, to around $12.5 billion. This growth in output is below the anticipated State growth rate of 14 per cent across all Victorian industries.

The distribution of Victoria’s Public Administration and Safety businesses by turnover size is approximately representative of the State average. There is a slightly higher proportion of Public Administration and Safety businesses turning over less than $50,000 (31 per cent compared with the State average of 28 per cent) and a slightly smaller proportion turning over between $50,000 and $200,000 (31 per cent compared with 35 per cent).

Figure 2.2: Share of businesses by employment and turnover size, Victoria, 2012

70

A highly skilled workforce leads to increased productivity and economic growth. High quality education and skills training is essential for Victorians to access the opportunities of a growing and changing economy, and an increasingly sophisticated and information-rich society.

Figure 2.1: Public Administration and Safety output ($ million), 2012-13 and 2017-1814,000

6053%

50

40

30

20

10

0

61%

36% 35%

9%

4%1% 0%

12,000

10,000 3,1033,495

Non Employing 1 to 19 20 to 199 200+

Public Administration and Safety All industries

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

1,659

7,137

1,739

7,315

40

3531%

30

25

20

15

28%31%

35%32% 31%

Public Administration2012-13 2017-18 10

Defence Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services5

7% 6%

Source: Monash Centre of Policy Studies (CoPS) Employment Forecasts, June 2013

Employer profileAt the end of June 2012, there were an estimated 1,790 businesses in the Victorian Public Administration and Safety sector.The distribution of Public Administration and Safety businesses by employment level is skewed towards businesses that employ many workers: 10 per cent employ more than 20 employees, compared with the State average of four per cent.

0Zero to $50k $50k to $200k $200k to $2m $2m or more

Public Administration and Safety All industries

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Count of Australian Businesses, including entries and exits, 2012.


The geographic distribution of Public Administration and Safety firms is shown in Figure 2.3. In metropolitan Melbourne, Public Administration and Safety firms are concentrated outside the central area – Werribee and Dandenong are centres of particularly high concentration.

In regional Victoria, the industry is fairly evenly distributed, with areas of slight concentration in major regional centres, reflecting the need for Public Administration and Safety establishments in all areas.

Figure 2.3: Number of Public Administration and Safety industry establishments in metropolitan and regional Victoria, 2010-11

Melbourne

South Melbourne

Werribee

Dandenong1 to 5

5 to 10

10 to 20

20 to 100

100 or more

Mildura 1 to 3

3 to 5

5 to 10

10 to 20

20 or more

Bendigo

Ballarat

GeelongTraralgon

Source: Department of State Development, Business and Innovation (DSDBI), Public Administration and Safety Industry. Business location in Victoria: A decade of change,


October 2012 (based on data from WorkSafe Victoria).


Labour productivityLabour productivity is defined as real gross value added per hour worked. Figure 2.4 shows the average annual compound rate of growth in labour productivity for the Public Administration and Safety industry over the period 2003 to 2013. Nationally, the average annual growth rate of labour productivity for Public Administration and Safety was modest, at 0.7 per cent, below the State average of 1.3 per cent.

Up-skilling the workforce continues to be an important focus for increasing productivity, and producing more with less. A well- trained, job-ready workforce is the life-blood of Victoria’s industry and business and the largest determinant of productivity in the State’s economy.

Figure 2.4: Labour productivity measure by gross value added (GVA) per hour worked, average annual growth, Australia, 2003 to 2013

Administration and Safety

All industries

0.7%

1.3%

0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 1.0% 1.2% 1.4%

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Australian System of National Accounts, 5204.0.

43,300

5,700

86,200

2017-18

39,800

5,700

87,800

2012-13


Public Administration and Safety workforce and skills

This section focuses on the Public Administration and Safety industry’s workforce. It covers employment levels and trends, as well as workforce characteristics such as age and skill level.

Key messages• The Victorian Public Administration and Safety industry

employs approximately 133,000 people, five per cent of the Victorian workforce. Employment growth has been stronger than the average for all Victorian industries over the five years to 2012-13, a trend that is not expected to continue for the five years to 2017-18

• Average annual demand for new jobs due to growth and replacement over the period is expected to be approximately 6,700 jobs.

• The workforce is expected to retain the current mix between high- and low-skill roles

• The workforce is relatively representative in terms of gender profile (there is a slightly higher proportion of males than females, as with the State average). However, the age profile of the industry is slightly older than the Victorian average, with employees aged 24 and under particularly under-represented in the Public Administration and Safety industry workforce.

• The training level of the workforce is relatively high, with a smaller proportion of unqualified workers and a larger proportion of workers with higher degrees than the Victorian average.

EmploymentApproximately 133,000 people are employed in Victoria’s Public Administration and Safety industry. The industry has seen employment grow by 19 per cent over the five years to 2012-13, equating to approximately 21,000 employees over the period. The outlook over the next five years to 2017-18 is for employment to continue to grow, but at a far slower rate: approximately 3 per cent over the period (equating to approximately 2,000 jobs).

In comparison, employment in all Victorian industries grew by approximately 30 per cent in the five years to 2012-13.Statewide employment is expected to grow at eight per cent in the five years to 2017-18, faster than the expected growth in Public Administration and Safety employment.

Figure 3.1: Public Administration and Safety employment, Victoria, 2012-13 and 2017-1816,0000

14,0000

12,0000

10,0000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0

Public Administration Defence Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services

Source: Monash Centre of Policy Studies Employment Forecasts, June 2013

Public Administration and Safety workforce and skills 1

Skills compositionShown in Figure 3.2 are the relative proportions of high and low skill jobs in the Public Administration and Safety industry.

The proportion of highly skilled jobs in the industry has risen since 2004-05, from 39 per cent of the workforce to 33 per cent. This proportion is forecast to rise slightly through to 2020-21, to 34 per cent of the workforce.

The proportion of lower-skilled jobs within the industry has experienced a corresponding decline over the period, from 34 per cent of the workforce in 2004-05 to 32 per cent in 2012-13.

Figure 3.2: Public Administration and Safety industry skill levels, Victoria, 2004-05 to 2020-21

Forecast 2012-13 to 2020-21

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%2004-05

2006-07

2008-09

2010-11

2012-13

2014-15

2016-17

2018-19

2020-21

High Skill Medium Skill Low Skill


Note: High skill—managers and professionals. Medium skill—technicians and trades workers, community and personal service workers. Low skill—clerical and administrative workers, sales workers, machinery operators, drivers and labourers.


Job vacanciesThe figure below highlights the number of vacancies posted online in Victoria over the two years to September 2013 for selected key Public Administration and Safety occupations. The number of online job advertisements across the larger Public Administration and Safety occupations has fallen steadily over the period, consistent with the decreasing trend seen in the national Internet Vacancy Index. 7

There were approximately 3,900 newly lodged vacancies in key Public Administration and Safety occupational groupings in September 2013. General Clerks made up the majority of these jobs, with almost 1,900 vacancies. Aged and Disabled Carers recorded approximately 500 newly lodged vacancies, while Contract, Program and Project Administrators recorded over 350.

Figure 3.3: Number of newly lodged online vacancies in Public Administration and Safety occupations in Victoria, 2011–2013

3,000 General Clerks

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

Aged & Disabled Carers

Contract/Prog/Project Admin

Inspectors/Regtory Officers

Security Officers & Guards

Intelligence/Policy Analysts

500

0

Mar-11 Jun-11 Sep-11 Dec-11 Mar-12 Jun-12 Sep-12 Dec-12 Mar-13 Jun-13 Sep-13

Source: Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) Internet Vacancy Index (based on a count of online vacancies newly lodged on SEEK, My Career, CareerOne and Australian JobSearch), major advertising occupations only. Note: caution advised when using monthly occupation data as it is susceptible tofluctuation from month to month.


7 Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, DEEWR Vacancy Report, February 2013

9% 25% 25% 24% 17%

16% 24% 23% 21% 17%

46% 54%

46% 54%


Labour market characteristicsEmployment by ageThe Public Administration and Safety workforce has an older age demographic than the average age profile across the Victorian workforce as a whole. The younger age group – 15 to 24 year-olds – is relatively under-represented within the industry, making up nine per cent of the industry workforce compared with the State average of 16 per cent. In contrast, employees aged 35-54 are slightly over-represented when compared with Victorian averages.

Figure 3.4: Proportion of employment by age, Victoria, 2012-13

Public Administration and Safety

All industries

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55+


Employment by genderThe gender profile of the Public Administration and Safety industry workforce is representative of the State average. Forty-six per cent of the workforce is female, the same proportion as the State average.

Figure 3.5: Proportion of employment by gender, Victoria, 2012-13

Public Administration and Safety

All industries

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Females Males


34% 3% 15% 18% 30%

40% 3% 18% 14% 25%


Employment by qualificationThe Public Administration and Safety industry workforce is more highly qualified than the State average. A smaller proportion of the industry workforce (34 per cent, compared with the State average of 40 per cent) has no post-school qualifications. Similarly, a smaller proportion of the workforce (18 per cent compared with 21 per cent) has a Certificate-level qualification.

Eighteen per cent of the industry workforce has a Diploma or Advanced Diploma, and 30 per cent has a higher education qualification, higher than the State average of 14 per cent and 25 per cent respectively.

Figure 3.6: Proportion of employment by qualification level, Victoria, 2012-13

Public

Administration and Safety

All industries

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

No post school quals Certificate I or II Certificate III or IV Diploma Higher education


Occupations in demandTable 3.1 highlights the occupations at four-digit ANZSCO level (Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations) that align to the Public Administration and Safety industry. Note that while some occupations also align to other industries, the figures shown are specific to the Public Administration and Safety industry.

Forecasts presented in the table estimate the employment growth and replacement demand in terms of the average number of jobs required for each occupation annually up to 2017-18.

Employment growth is the net number of new jobs that the occupation is currently forecasting within the industry. Replacement demand is the number of existing workers required to replace those that are forecast to leave each occupation through attrition, either via retirement or other movement out of the occupation.

Across all occupations in the Public Administration and Safety industry (including office support occupations such as book- keepers, receptionists etc.) projected average annual employment needs between 2012-12 and 2017-18 are around 8,500 jobs each year.

The occupation with the largest employment is Police, followed by Security Officers and Guards, which also have the highest average annual employment needs due to growth and replacement (640 and 610 annual jobs respectively).

The occupation forecast to grow most strongly through to 2017-18 is Aged and Disabled Carers, Followed by Contract, Program and Project Administrators and Fire and Emergency Workers.


Table 3.1: Estimated annual employment growth and replacement demand figures for occupations in the Public Administration and Safety sector across Victoria

Occupation name Employment total2012-13

Average annual employment needs

Overall employment growth to 2017-18Police 13,310 640 690

Security Officers and Guards 9,440 610 540

Aged and Disabled Carers 6,280 350 1,030

Inspectors and Regulatory Officers 5,320 290 290

Contract, Program and Project Administrators 5,110 310 1,000

General Clerks 4,870 220 350

Fire and Emergency Workers 3,480 450 780

Inquiry Clerks 3,160 160 270

Other Miscellaneous Labourers 3,130 160 340

Intelligence and Policy Analysts 2,580 230 540

Welfare Support Workers 2,490 140 140

Prison Officers 2,290 220 100

Other Information and Organisation Professionals 2,240 140 350

Court and Legal Clerks 2,010 180 230

Accounting Clerks 1,960 80 220

Policy and Planning Managers 1,710 200 360

Civil Engineering Professionals 1,600 150 160

Judicial and Other Legal Professionals 1,560 110 120

VET occupations highlighted in green



Specialised and in-shortage occupationsThis section focuses on current skills shortages in specific occupations aligned to the Public Administration and Safety industry as well as those occupations that are specialised.8 The Department’s analysis of skill shortages considers both quantitative evidence and intelligence gathered through industry consultation.

No skills shortages have been identified in occupations directly aligned to the Public Administration and Safety industry. However, specialised occupations of relevance to this industry include Fire and Emergency Workers.

As a major employer of health care and community services workers, the industry is also affected by shortages in occupations such as Aged and Disabled Carers and Welfare Workers, primarily aligned to the Health Care and Social Assistance industry.

Table 3.2 highlights key occupations within Victoria’s Public Administration and Safety industry (based on employment size), along with a summary of their specialised and in-shortage status. This table includes occupations primarily associated with other industries (such as Aged and Disabled Carers).

Table 3.2: Occupations ‘in-shortage’ or ‘specialised’

Occupation name In-shortage Specialised

Police No Yes

Security Officers and Guards No No

Aged and Disabled Carers Yes Yes

Inspectors and Regulatory Officers No No

Contract, Program and Project Administrators No No

General Clerks No No

Fire and Emergency Workers No Yes

Welfare Support Workers Yes No

Prison Officers No No

Court and Legal Clerks No No

Policy and Planning Managers No No

Judicial and Other Legal Professionals No Yes

8 DEECD uses the Australian Workforce and Productivity Agency list of specialised occupations. These occupations have a long lead-time for training, high economic value and a significant match between training and employment.


Workforce skills needsPublic Administration and Safety organisations are increasing their focus on internal planning and review processes to improve efficiency. Other strategies include collaborating across similar organisations, outsourcing functions or tasks and increasing the use of productivity-aiding technology.

Skills shortages in the industry are likely to be caused by a number of factors. Some Public Administration and Safety organisations face competition with other industries for the attraction and retention of staff. The Mining industry is considered to be a key competitor for skilled and unskilled labour.9 Particular occupations in demand from the mining industry which crossover with the Public Administration and Safety include occupational health and safety officers, engineers and tradespeople.

As highlighted above, the Public Administration and Safety workforce has an older than average age profile and could soon face large numbers of staff retiring, with an associated loss of corporate knowledge. Employers are working to retain older staff through a variety of workforce development and human resources approaches. The recruitment of new staff is also important for the industry.

Technological advancements are impacting the industry and will require continued up-skilling in information technology and other areas. Generic ICT skills and ‘digital literacy’ have emerged as prerequisites or highly desired skills for many jobs across the sector, and are also central to the process of learning, institutions increasingly utilising technology in the delivery of educational programs.

9 Government Skills Australia, Environmental Scan, 2013

Governments are increasingly generating large amounts of data on their services. As such, the industry will need workers with the skills to interrogate, interpret and explain these data to improve the quality and efficiency of government services. This will include quantitative skills such as in statistics and programming, but also the skills required to relay findings to clients in a comprehensible manner.

Employees within the industry are increasingly being required to expand their scope of duty, requiring further up-skilling and multi skilling. For example firefighter roles are expanding into the provision of emergency medical response andsurf lifesavers roles are expanding from traditional beach activities to disaster response and large scale search and rescue. Similarly corrections services will increasingly require skills in dealing with an ageing prisoner population, mental health issues and community-based monitoring.10

There is scope for Public Administration and Safety organisations to improve the representation of people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and Indigenous Australians. In Victoria, the Government has developed the Aboriginal Pathway to the Graduate Recruitment and Development Scheme to address the lownumber of Aboriginal graduates entering the Victorian Public Service. The Scheme, launched in 2012, uses mainstream and Indigenous media, and contact with Victorian tertiary student groups and the Aboriginal community to reach its intended audience. Once in the program, Aboriginal graduates are matched with an Aboriginal mentor already working for the Victorian Government.

10 Government Skills Australia, Environmental Scan, 2013


Public Administration and Safety vocational training provision

This section focuses on training provided for the Public Administration and Safety industry. It covers training activity (including a regional analysis), courses, providers andstudent characteristics.

Key messages• In 2013, there were 8,130 government subsidised

enrolments in Public Administration and Safety courses in Victoria. This was down from 8,370 in 2012, but up from 7,870 in 2011.

• Apprenticeships and traineeships comprise a relatively small proportion of enrolments in this industry, four per cent compared with an average across all industry training of 23 per cent.

• Beginning in 2012, the Certificate II in Security Operations has had the highest concentration of enrolments across courses related to Public Administration and Safety.Security Officer is the largest occupational grouping in terms of training delivery, with approximately 4,890 enrolments in 2013.

• A majority of training is delivered by private training providers, representing approximately 72 per cent of the enrolments in 2013.

• In 2013, the largest region in terms of Public Administration and Safety training delivery was Western Metropolitan Melbourne (which includes the Melbourne CBD), accounting for around 40 per cent of industry enrolments.

• Students from a culturally and linguistically diverse background represented more than one-third of enrolments in this industry in 2013. Students reporting a disability comprised seven per cent of enrolments.

• Students who are unemployed made up a relatively high proportion of enrolments in 2013, accounting for 43 per cent compared with an average across all industry training of 25 per cent.

Training activityTable 4.1 opposite gives a summary of training activity for the Public Administration and Safety industry over the period 2008 to 2013.

EnrolmentsGovernment subsidised enrolments in Public Administration and Safety courses have increased significantly since 2008, almost doubling to 8,130. This has been driven by large increases in enrolments in qualifications related to security operations.

In 2013, Public Administration and Safety courses accounted for 2.1 per cent of all government subsidised enrolmentsin Victoria, making it Victoria’s thirteenth largest industry training sector.

Over the same period, TAFE fee for service enrolments have fallen from around 1,800 in 2008 to 860 in 2013.

Apprentices and traineesApprentices and trainees comprise a small proportion of enrolments in Public Administration and Safety, accounting for just four per cent of training in 2013. This compares with an average across all industry training delivery of approximately 23 per cent.

There were 240 trainee enrolments and 100 apprentice enrolments in 2013.

Public Administration and Safety vocational training provision 23

Specialised and in-shortage occupationsThere were 350 enrolments in courses related to the Public Administration and Safety occupations that were specialised orin-shortage in 2013. Enrolments aligned to specialised or in-shortage occupations have fallen by 16 per cent between 2012 and 2013.

Qualification levelAround 10 per cent of enrolments in Public Administration and Safety courses are at the Diploma level or above. The remaining enrolments are relatively split evenly between Certificate I-II and Certificate III-IV, each accounting for approximately 45 per cent of enrolments.

Completed qualificationsIn 2013, there were 6,070 reported qualification completions in courses associated with the Public Administration and Safety industry – a 19 per cent increase on the number in 2012.

Table 4.1: Key training activity in the Public Administration and Safety industry, 2008 to 2013

Government subsidised enrolments

Industry sub-sector 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Public Administration 1,110 930 1,210 1,230 1,460 2,170

Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services 2,880 2,290 4,260 6,640 6,910 5,960

Total 3,990 3,220 5,470 7,880 8,370 8,130

Apprentice or trainee

Apprentice trainee status 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Trainee 210 80 60 50 100 240

Apprentice 70 90 100 100 110 100

Total 270 170 160 150 210 340

Specialised or in-shortage


Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services 1,490 1,350 1,620 400 420 350

Total 1,490 1,350 1,620 400 420 350


Qualification levels – 2013

Industry sub-sector Certificate I-II Certificate III-IV Diploma+

Public Administration - 1,180 990

Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services 3,510 2,450 <10

Total 3,510 3,630 1000

Completed qualifications


Public Administration 830 630 740 340 560 820

Public Order, Safety and Regulatory Services 1,820 2,260 2,520 4,590 4,560 5,250

Total 2,650 2,890 3,260 4,940 5,120 6,070

CoursesThe top ten courses in Public Administration and Safety, as set out in Table 4.2, accounted for more than 85 per cent of all government subsidised enrolments in 2013. The Certificate II and III in Security Operations together represented 60 per cent of all enrolments in this industry.

Table 4.2: Public Administration and Safety qualifications ranked by 2013 enrolments, government subsidised, 2008 to 2013

Course name 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Certificate II in Security Operations - - - - 1,460 3,250

Certificate III in Security Operations - - - - 1,060 1,600

Certificate IV in Justice - - - - 10 660

Diploma of Justice - - - - - 530

Advanced Diploma of Justice - - - - - 260

Certificate III in Correctional Practice - - - - 30 170

Advanced Diploma of Justice 290 - - 770 740 160

Certificate III in Public Safety (SES Operations) - - - 100 180 140

Certificate II in Public Safety (Aquatic Rescue) - - - - 680 130

Certificate III in Locksmithing 60 - - 110 120 100

Note: course totals include equivalent superseded courses.


Enrolments by occupationSecurity Officer is the largest occupational grouping, accounting for 60 of enrolments. Enrolments for this occupation showed strong growth between 2009 and 2011, before falling over the last two years. Law Clerk saw the second highest enrolments numbers in 2013 after significant growth from 2012.

Table 4.3: Public Administration and Safety occupations ranked by 2013 enrolments, government subsidised, 2008 to 2013

Occupation 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Security Officer 200 300 2,010 5,640 5,280 4,890

Law Clerk 70 250 230 130 380 1,220

Parole or Probation Officer 300 340 590 770 740 420

Prison Officer 720 50 80 190 240 340

Lifeguard - - - - 730 200

Emergency Service Worker 1,160 960 1190 100 190 190

Program or Project Administrator 290 180 210 150 70 120

Inspectors and Regulatory Officers n.e.c. 120 40 50 80 120 120

Locksmith 60 100 100 110 120 100

Agricultural Technician 30 10 <10 50 80 90

n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified

Please see Appendix A for occupations and associated qualifications with funding bands (available for 2012 and 2013)

Training providersA total of 26 training providers delivered government subsidised Public Administration and Safety industry training in 2013.

The majority of training delivery is with private providers, who accounted for 72 per cent of industry enrolments in 2013.

Table 4.4: Proportion of enrolments by provider type, government subsidised, 2008 to 2013

Provider type 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Private 0% 0% 31% 76% 78% 72%

TAFE 99% 100% 69% 24% 22% 28%

ACE 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

1% 18% 38% 43%

2% 11% 45% 42%


Funding patternsFrom July 2012 funding bands for government subsidised training were introduced. The allocation of funding within these bands is designed to better target areas of greatest public benefit and future jobs growth. Where there is not a strong need for Government support the training subsidies are lower.

Courses by funding bandIn 2013, around half of Public Administration and Safety courses were in Band C for Government subsidies, with more than a third in Band B. The remaining courses were in Band D (14 per cent) and Band A (three per cent).

Table 4.5: Public Administration and Safety courses by funding subsidy band, 2013

Subsidy Band 2013 % total

Band A 2 3%

Band B 22 35%

Band C 30 48%

Band D 9 14%

Band E - 0%

Enrolments by funding bandOf all Public Administration and Safety enrolments in 2013, 43 per cent were in Band D courses, with 38 per cent in Band C courses. Band B accounted for 18 per cent of enrolments.

See Appendix A for a list of courses with associated subsidy bands for 2012 and 2013.

Figure 4.1: Enrolments by subsidy band, government subsidised, 2012 and 2013

2013

2012

Band A Band B Band C Band D


Regional training activityIn 2013, the largest region in terms of Public Administration and Safety training delivery was Western Metropolitan (which includes the Melbourne CBD), accounting for around 40 per cent of industry enrolments. Northern Metropolitan and Southern Metropolitan each had approximately 20 per cent of enrolments.

Table 4.6: Victorian regions ranked by 2013 enrolments, government subsidised, 2008 to 2013

Region 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Western Metropolitan 110 180 1,360 4,050 2,490 3,120

Northern Metropolitan 370 620 630 960 1,440 1,750

Southern Metropolitan 920 320 850 1,710 2,960 1,530

Loddon Mallee <10 <10 100 360 270 430

Hume <10 - 100 240 410 400

Eastern Metropolitan 530 570 630 310 340 360

Barwon South West 70 50 100 180 350 330

Gippsland 150 40 40 40 80 140

Grampians 150 100 50 160 150 120

Note: regional enrolment figures sum to slightly more than the overall Victoria-wide figures due to a small number of students undertaking training in campuses in more than one region


Figure 4.2: Public Administration and Safety industry training providers and enrolments, 2013

Grampians<10 providers120 enrolments

Loddon Mallee<10 providers430 enrolments

Hume<10 providers400 enrolments

Barwon South West<10 providers330 enrolments

See metro inlayGippsland<10 providers140 enrolments

Northern Metropolitan10 providers1750 enrolments

Western Metropolitan(inc. CBD)10 providers3120 enrolments

Eastern Metropolitan<10 providers360 enrolments

Southern Metropolitan<10 providers1530 enrolments

Learner Groups 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Indigenous 30 30 40 40 70 100

Disability 290 290 350 610 550 480

CALD 690 560 1,270 2,270 3,190 2,850

Unemployed 310 430 1,310 1,560 1,940 3,480

Aged 25+ 2,950 2,160 2,880 4,440 4,180 3,980


Student characteristicsStudents in the 25+ age group accounted for around half of

Figure 4.3: Enrolments by highest prior qualification, government subsidised, 2013

the enrolments in Public Administration and Safety in 2012 and 2013. This is down from 74 per cent in 2008, although the actual number of enrolments by students within this age cohort has increased by 35 per cent over this period.

Students who are unemployed made up 43 per cent of enrolments in 2013. This proportion has risen significantly since 2008, when unemployed students comprised eight per cent of enrolments, and compares with an average across all industry training of 25 per cent.

Bachelor Degree 0% or Higher Degree level 1%

Advanced Diploma, 2% Diploma or Associate Degree 2%

Certificate III-IV

Year 12 or Certificate II

Certificate I 1%1%

Year 11 or below

12%20%

34%35%

42%50%

Students from a Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) background accounted for more than a third of enrolments in 2013, students reporting a disability comprise seven per cent of enrolments.

Table 4.7: Learners Facing Barriers enrolments, government subsidised, 2008 to 2013

Public Administration and SafetyAll industries

The main reason students gave for enrolling in vocational training related to Public Administration and Safety was ‘To get a job’ (64 per cent). The next two most important reasons were ‘I wanted extra skills for my job’ (nine per cent) and ‘For personal interest or self-development’ (seven per cent), as shown in Figure 4.4.

Figure 4.4: Enrolments by reason for study, government subsidised, 2013

At the time of enrolment, students enrolling in Public Administration and Safety courses were less likely to have obtained a Certificate III-IV but more likely to have completed Year 12 or Certificate II than the average across all industry training. Half of Public Administration and Safety enrolments were by students who had completed Year 12 or CertificateII prior to beginning their studies in the sector in 2013. This compares with an average across all industry training of 39 per cent.

14%

6%

7%

9%64%

To get a job

I wanted extra skills for my job

For personal interest or self-development

It was a requirement of my job

Other


Appendix A

Table 5.1: Enrolments by occupation, course and subsidy band, 2012 and 2013

Occupation Course name Subsidy band 2012 2013

Agricultural Technician Certificate IV in Animal Control and Regulation Band B 80 90

Total 80 90

Clerk of Court Certificate IV in Government (Court Services) Band C 20 50

Total 20 50

Court Bailiff or Sheriff Certificate IV in Government (Court Compliance) Band B 10 10

Total 10 10

Earthmoving Plant Operator

Certificate III in Local Government (Operational Works) Band C - 60

Certificate IV in Local Government (Operational Works) Band C - 20

Total - 80

Electrical or Telecommunications Trades Assistant

Certificate II in Technical Security Band B 20 30

Certificate III in Technical Security Band B <10 10

Total 20 40

Emergency Service Worker

Certificate II in Public Safety (SES) Band B - 50

Certificate III in Public Safety (Community Safety) Band B <10 -

Certificate III in Public Safety (SES Operations) Band B 200 150

Total 200 200

Firefighter Certificate II in Public Safety (Firefighting and Emergency Operations)

Band B <10 -

Certificate II in Public Safety (Firefighting Operations) Band B 10 -

Certificate III in Public Safety (Firefighting and Emergency Operations)

Band B 40 50

Certificate III in Public Safety (Firefighting Operations) Band B 10 <10

Certificate IV in Fire Technology Band A 40 -

Diploma of Fire Technology Band C 10 -

Total 100 60

General Clerk Certificate II in Local Government Band C 10 -

Total 10 -

Appendix A 31


Inspectors and Regulatory Officers n.e.c.

Certificate IV in Government (Investigation) Band C 10 10

Certificate IV in Government (Statutory Compliance) Band C 100 100

Diploma of Government (Investigation) Band D <10 -

Total 100 100

Law Clerk Certificate IV in Justice Band B 300 700

Diploma of Justice Band C 90 550

Total 400 1,200

Lifeguard Certificate II in Public Safety (Aquatic Rescue) Band D 700 150

Certificate III in Public Safety (Aquatic Search and Rescue)

Band B 50 70

Total 750 200

Locksmith Certificate III in Locksmithing Band A 100 100

Total 100 100

Motor Vehicle Licence Examiner

Certificate IV in Government (Road Transport Compliance)

Band C - 40

Total - 40

Parole or Probation Officer

Advanced Diploma of Justice Band C 750 400

Total 750 400

Policy Analyst Diploma of Government Band D 40 30

Total 40 30

Prison Officer Certificate III in Correctional Practice Band B 30 150

Certificate III in Correctional Practice (Community) Band B 50 40

Certificate III in Correctional Practice (Custodial) Band B 100 90

Certificate IV in Correctional Practice Band B 50 30

Total 250 350

Private Investigator Certificate III in Investigative Services Band C 50 70

Total 50 70


Program or Project Administrator

Certificate III in Government Band C 20 20

Certificate IV in Government Band C 40 70

Certificate IV in Government (Revenue Administration) Band C 10 10

Certificate IV in Local Government Band C - 10

Certificate IV in Local Government (Health and Environment)

Band C - 10

Certificate IV in Local Government (Planning) Band C 10 -

Total 70 100

Security Consultant Certificate IV in Security and Risk Management Band C 50 70

Diploma of Security and Risk Management Band D 100 10

Total 200 80

Security Officer Certificate I in Security Operations Band D 50 50

Certificate II in Security Operations Band D 2,700 3,200

Certificate III in Security Operations Band C 2,600 1,600

Total 5,300 4,900

n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified

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