The SkinThe Skin

Waterproof layer that covers the outside Waterproof layer that covers the outside of the bodyof the body

© PDST Home Economics

Structure of the skinStructure of the skin

Structure of the skinStructure of the skin

Made of 2 layers Made of 2 layers

The Epidermis - The Epidermis - outside layeroutside layer

The Dermis – inner The Dermis – inner layerlayer

EPIDERMISEPIDERMIS Thin layer, protects dermisThin layer, protects dermis Thickest on soles and palms Thickest on soles and palms

thinnest on eyelids.thinnest on eyelids. Top made of flat dead cells Top made of flat dead cells

which wear off.which wear off. Replaced from a layer of live Replaced from a layer of live

cell underneath.cell underneath. Bottom layer is the Bottom layer is the malpighian malpighian

layer, layer, contains a pigment contains a pigment called melanin, give skin called melanin, give skin colour and protects skin from colour and protects skin from UV raysUV rays

DermisDermis Made of Made of connective tissueconnective tissue which which contains the following:contains the following:

Nerves,Nerves, let us feel temperature, let us feel temperature, pain, pressure.pain, pressure.

Blood vesselsBlood vessels bring food and bring food and oxygen to skin cells.oxygen to skin cells.

Hair,Hair, begins at root grows up the begins at root grows up the follicle and seen on surface of follicle and seen on surface of body.body.

Glands:Glands:SweatSweat , take sweat from blood , take sweat from blood vessels send it to surface of skin.vessels send it to surface of skin.Oil,Oil, make sebum which keeps hair make sebum which keeps hair and skin soft and waterproofand skin soft and waterproof

Adipose tissueAdipose tissue

Deepest layer of the dermis is a Deepest layer of the dermis is a layer of fat cells that insulate the layer of fat cells that insulate the body.body.

This layer is called adipose tissue.This layer is called adipose tissue. Some food that is not used by the Some food that is not used by the

body is changed to fat and stored body is changed to fat and stored in these cellsin these cells

FunctionsFunctions

Protects the bodyProtects the body Excretory organ…gets rid of waste…sweat.Excretory organ…gets rid of waste…sweat. Temperature control …. sweat, hair, blood Temperature control …. sweat, hair, blood

vessels.vessels. Sense organ … touch …. Heat cold pain.Sense organ … touch …. Heat cold pain. Makes vitamin D using sunlight.Makes vitamin D using sunlight.

For Healthy SkinFor Healthy Skin

Eat food containing protein, vitamins and Eat food containing protein, vitamins and minerals. minerals.

Avoid junk food and fatAvoid junk food and fat Avoid too much sunlightAvoid too much sunlight Exercise and fresh airExercise and fresh air Drink water.Drink water. Enough sleepEnough sleep Avoid smoking and too much alcoholAvoid smoking and too much alcohol

Skin CancerSkin Cancer Caused by exposure to Caused by exposure to

sunlight.sunlight. Can be cured if treated in Can be cured if treated in

time.time. High factor suncreamHigh factor suncream Sunbathing –not too longSunbathing –not too long Wear hat.Wear hat. Stay out of midday sunStay out of midday sun

Skin HygieneSkin Hygiene Sweat = salt + water + ureaSweat = salt + water + urea The water evaporates using heat from the body but The water evaporates using heat from the body but

the salt and urea remain on the skin.the salt and urea remain on the skin. If not washed off these mixed with sebum and skin If not washed off these mixed with sebum and skin

cells, dirt and bacteria block pores stop them working.cells, dirt and bacteria block pores stop them working. This leads to blackheads, pimples, body odour, This leads to blackheads, pimples, body odour,

infection and a dirty appearance.infection and a dirty appearance.

AcneAcne Acne vulgaris…Acne vulgaris… Skin disorder….Skin disorder…. Teenagers mainlyTeenagers mainly Change in hormones at Change in hormones at

puberty lead to increased oil puberty lead to increased oil productionproduction

Block follicles and bacteria Block follicles and bacteria infect theminfect them

Can’t be prevented but can Can’t be prevented but can be controlledbe controlled

Controlling Controlling AcneAcne

Avoid touching spots….spreads Avoid touching spots….spreads themthem

Avoid squeezing spots …scarsAvoid squeezing spots …scars Wash at least twice a day with Wash at least twice a day with

antiseptic soapantiseptic soap Avoid high fat foods …e.g. chips, Avoid high fat foods …e.g. chips,

sausagessausages Use medication according to Use medication according to

instructions instructions

Skin CareSkin CareCleanseCleanse Remove dead Remove dead

cells, bacteria, cells, bacteria, oil, sweat, oil, sweat, make-up, dirtmake-up, dirt

Soap, warm Soap, warm water, friction orwater, friction or

Cleansing lotion.Cleansing lotion.

ToneTone To close pores.To close pores. Cool waterCool water

OrOr

Toning lotionToning lotion

MoisturiseMoisturise To soften skin To soften skin and prevent and prevent drynessdryness

Moisturiser Moisturiser suited to skin suited to skin typetype

Hair careHair care

Wash Wash at leastat least once a week once a week with shampoo that suits with shampoo that suits your hair type, use your hair type, use conditioner if hair is dry.conditioner if hair is dry.

Have your own hairbrush, Have your own hairbrush, do not let others use it do not let others use it clean it regularly.clean it regularly.

Heat damages hair, avoid Heat damages hair, avoid hot water, styling devices hot water, styling devices that use heat.that use heat.

DandruffDandruff

Harmless.Harmless. Top layer of scalp shed as Top layer of scalp shed as

fine dust.fine dust. Shampoo often with anti-Shampoo often with anti-

dandruff shampoo.dandruff shampoo. Rinse out shampoo really Rinse out shampoo really

well.well. Very bad.. see dcotorVery bad.. see dcotor

Hands and FeetHands and FeetHandsHands Wash often.Wash often. Use rubber gloves for Use rubber gloves for

washing dishes, using washing dishes, using chemicals, dirty work chemicals, dirty work

Dry well.Dry well. Hand cream protects.Hand cream protects.

NailsNails Clean, short, well Clean, short, well

shaped.shaped. File from side to centre.File from side to centre. Avoid bitingAvoid biting

FeetFeet Wash daily.Wash daily. Dry well.Dry well. Wear well fitting shoesWear well fitting shoes Change socks every dayChange socks every day Cut nails straight acrossCut nails straight across

Personal HygienePersonal Hygiene Wash hands often especially before eating and after Wash hands often especially before eating and after

going to the toilet.going to the toilet. Have a shower once a day either morning (best) or Have a shower once a day either morning (best) or

night. Use warm water soap and friction, rinse well.night. Use warm water soap and friction, rinse well. Take particular care to clean feet, groin and armpits Take particular care to clean feet, groin and armpits

as they sweat and smell more.as they sweat and smell more. Remove underarm hair to prevent odour.Remove underarm hair to prevent odour. Use anti-perspirant Use anti-perspirant after washing.after washing. Change underwear and socks every day.Change underwear and socks every day. Change and wash outer clothes often.Change and wash outer clothes often. Wash hair at least once a week.Wash hair at least once a week. Brush teeth at least twice a day…morning and night.Brush teeth at least twice a day…morning and night.