Slide 1 (of 31)

Confined Space TrainingPermit-Required Confined Spaces

Slide 2 (of 31)

Confined Space Statistics Leading cause of occupational fatalities in

this country

The Standard covers 240,000 workplaces and 12.2 million workers

Workers make 4.8 million entries/year

Standard may prevent 85% of fatalities and nearly 11,000 injuries

Slide 3 (of 31)

Definition of a Confined Space(must meet all three criteria)

Limited means for entry or exit (manholes, vaults & pits)

Large enough & so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work

Not designed for continuousoccupancy

Two types – Permit & Non-Permit Required Spaces

Slide 4 (of 31)

Definition of Permit-Required Confined Spaces

A confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:

Contains or has potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere

Potential for engulfment

Internal configuration that can trap or asphyxiate entrant

Any other serious safety or health hazards (electrical, hot work, drowning . . .)

Slide 5 (of 31)

What is a Hazardous Atmosphere?

An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue or acute illness resulting from the following:

Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of the LFL

Combustible dust at a concentration that is > or =LFL

Oxygen concentration < 19.5% or > 23.5%

Any substance with concentration > PEL

Any other atmospheric concentration that is IDLH

Slide 6 (of 31)

Permit-Required Spaces on Campus

Electrical vaults: electrical hazards, low oxygen and/or asbestos

Sewer manholes: CO, low oxygen

and/or toxic gases

Storm drain manholes: CO, low oxygen and/or toxic gases

Slide 7 (of 31)

Permit-Required Spaces on Campus (cont) Pool Pit: lack of oxygen, toxic gases

and/or drowning

Sewer Tanks: toxic gases, low oxygen,

drowning and/or electrocution hazards

Communication Vaults: low

oxygen, asbestos and/or electrical hazards

Slide 8 (of 31)

Non-Permit Required Spaces Spaces that do not contain or, with respect

to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm:Utility closets

Below-grade trenchesStorage vaultsUtility subbasements

Slide 9 (of 31)

Confined Spaces on Campus EH&S, Environmental Services and Risk

Management Department will jointly determine which types of spaces or specific spaces are defined as confined spaces.

All confined spaces on campus will be considered “Permit Required” until pre-entry procedures determine otherwise.

Only the Entry Supervisor is authorized to downgrade entry requirements.

Slide 10 (of 31)

Confined Space Entry Procedures Space Evaluation

Alternate Entry Procedures

Permit-Required Entry Procedures

Slide 11 (of 31)

Space Evaluation Refer to Flow Chart Entry Supervisor must evaluate & authorize an

entry This will determine if “Alternate Entry” or “Permit-Required”

If the space is reclassified as an “Alternate Entry” then the following conditions must exist:

only hazard is the potential for a hazardous atmosphere; and potential hazard can be eliminated through continued forced

air ventilation; and previous & current gas tests must show above two conditions

are true

Slide 12 (of 31)

Slide 13 (of 31)

Alternate Entry ProceduresProcedure that may be used to enter a confined space if the only hazard present in the space is atmospheric in nature and:

The atmospheric hazard can be controlled by mechanical ventilation alone and;

The permit space will not become immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) if the mechanical ventilation should fail.

Slide 14 (of 31)

Alternate Entry Procedures (cont) Entry Supervisor ensures space has been

properly classified Use guarding/cover/barrier to prevent

falls (when removing cover) Lock out/tag out all hazardous

energy sources Complete log Test for O2, flammable gases/vapors and

potential toxic air contaminants Set up ventilation (supply air taken from clean

source) The Entrant will evacuate the confined space if

he/she becomes aware of an unrecognized hazard

Slide 15 (of 31)

Slide 16 (of 31)

Slide 17 (of 31)

Permit Required Entry Procedures Entry Supervisor, Entry Attendant and Entrant

must participate Inspect and setup safety equipment Entry Supervisor establishes specific rescue

procedures Lock and tag out all hazardous sources of

energy Use guarding If removing an entrance cover Sample and record air for hazardous

contaminants Entry Supervisor completes Permit prior to

entry

Slide 18 (of 31)

Permit Required Entry Procedures (cont) Attendant verifies acceptable entry

conditions Entrant wears retrieval equipment during

entire operation Attendant continuously monitors

atmosphere & records readings with the portable gas detector

Immediately evacuate space if safety equipment fails or space becomes or has potential to become immediately hazardous

Upon completion, Entry Supervisor completes permit and files

Slide 19 (of 31)

Potential Confined Space Hazards Engulfment

Oxygen deficiency (19.5% or less)

Oxygen enrichment (23.5% or higher)

Flammable gases or vapors

Combustible dusts

Toxic substances

IDLH atmospheres

Physical hazards

Slide 20 (of 31)

Monitoring Confined Space Air Quality Prior to entering any confined space, prepare

the gas detector Conduct a “bump test”. Breathe into the gas

detector probe and look for a decrease in oxygen concentration - should alarm

Sample air quality by slightly removing lid or through hole in lid before completely opening the space

Monitor with probe slowly at different vertical heights

Measure in the following order: Oxygen, LEL, H2S, CO

Record results on the Confined Space Entry Permit Record Sheet

Slide 21 (of 31)

Monitoring Confined Space Air Quality (cont.) The gas detector must be on during the ENTIRE

entry operation Will be regularly inspected by the Attendant. Record gas readings at a minimum of one hour

intervals Cease entry operations and remove entry

personnel if the following concentrations are exceeded at any time: Oxygen reading less than 19.5% or greater than

22.5% Combustible gas reading greater than 9% LEL H2S reading greater than 9 ppm CO reading greater than 34 ppm

Slide 22 (of 31)

Ventilating a Confined Space Set up one or more blowers to provide adequate

ventilation for the space. Ventilation must be forced draft discharge of clean air into space(not exhaust of space)

Ensure ventilation air supply is from clean source

Allow enough time for blowers to clear the space before entering.

Ensure that the blowers remain on during the entire entry procedure. If the blower fails, the Entrant must leave the space immediately

Note: this applies to both “Permit Required” and “Alternate Entry” procedures

Slide 23 (of 31)

Types of Personal Protective Equipment Protective clothing

Welding apron/sleeves

Respirators

Gloves

Safety glasses

Slide 24 (of 31)

Retrieval Equipment Rescue harness (chest or full body)

Rescue tripod

Rope or cable (inspect for damage)

Slide 25 (of 31)

Department Responsibilities Risk Management Department &

Communication Services, Environmental Services and EH&S Department

Establish & update written program provide training review records & provide consultation Ensure all involved employees receive

training & follow procedures provide and maintain equipment maintain records

Slide 26 (of 31)

Entry Supervisor Responsibilities Ensure all persons involved in a

confined space entry are properly trained

Evaluate and classify the confined space prior to entry

Complete the Confined Space Entry Permit (if required)

Ensure canceled permits are properly filed

Slide 27 (of 31)

Entrant Responsibilities Completed Confined Space training

Must stay in constant contact with the Attendant (I.e. sight, voice or radio) during a Permit Required Confined Space entry

Use the appropriate safety equipment as specified on the Entry Permit

Slide 28 (of 31)

Entry Attendant Responsibilities Completed Confined Space Training Obtain & install required safety equipment

for Permit Required Confined Space entries Monitor pedestrian barriers to protect

entrant(s) from external hazards Monitor the atmosphere during the entire

entry operation Must remain in position until relieved by

another trained Attendant Ensure all lockout/tagout measures (if

implemented) remain in place Responsible for ordering an evacuation if a

situation develops that could endanger the Entrant

Slide 29 (of 31)

Rescuer Responsibilities Understand the hazards of the space All rescues attempted by CSUN personnel will

be Non-Entry Rescues (i.e. rescuer will not enter the space at any time during rescue)

Retrieval equipment is required for all Permit Required vertical entries greater than 5 feet

Be certified in emergency first aid and CPR Entry Supervisor must determine how

emergency personnel will be notified Understand appropriate entry procedures Know how to use rescue equipment Practice confined space rescues at least

annually

Slide 30 (of 31)

Training All CCSD employees who participate in

Permit Required or Alternate Entry Procedures including Entrance Supervisors, Attendants and Entrants, must receive training in the requirements of this program

All CCSD employees who are designated as rescue personnel must be trained in proper rescue techniques as well as CPR and First Aid

Slide 31 (of 31)

REMEMBER . . . Call Environmental Services and/or Risk

Management if area is questionable 99% of entries are alternate entry The campus/location has changed over

time and is still changing, so don’t rely on past history

Use the decision flow chart each time! Only the Entry Supervisor may

downgrade All rescues are non-entry Be safe!