Slide 1 The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory

Why heavy ions?

Target requires: 3.5 – 6 MJ in ~ 10 ns 500 TW Range ~ 0.02 – 0.20 g/cm2

Range requirement Power requirement

Higher mass Higher kinetic energy Current ~ 1/Kinetic energy

Higher mass requires lower current (easier to focus)

Slide 2 The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory

Heavier ions higher kinetic energy

Energy (GeV)

Ran

ge (g

/cm

2 )

Targets require high power (kinetic energy x current)• Light ion fusion requires high current, unconventional accelerators (Sandia, 1970's)• Heavy Ion Fusion requires lower currents enabling the use of more conventional

accelerators (Mashke, ~ 1974)

Slide 3 The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory

There are two principle methods of acceleration

Slide 4 The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory

A multiple beam induction linac driver

Slide 5 The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory

A Robust Point Design study established a baseline fora multiple-beam quadrupole induction linac HIF driver

MultipleIon

Source/ Injectors

Multiple-beam acceleration Drift compression

Bending Finalfocusing

Chambertransport

TargetInput7 MJYield

400 MJ

1.6 MeV 0.63 A/beam 30 s 120 beams

4 GeV Bi+1

94 A/beam200 ns

4 GeV1.9 kA/beam9.3 ns

Relative beam bunch length at end of: injectionacceleration

drift compression

Common

Induction cores

3 km 400 m

Integration of target,chamber, and accelerator requirements led to the self-consistent point design

900170034002000

Focus Magnet Shielding Structure Flinabe LiquidJet Grid

PocketVoid

500 2900

CLTarget

Schematic Liquid Jet Geometry

Neutralizing PlasmaInjection Liquid VortexExtraction

>2000

Liquid VortexInjection

Bare Tube Flinabe Vortex(<400°C)Plasma/Mag. Shut. (600 - 650°C)

Target Injection

Ion: Bi+ (A=209)Main pulse: 4 GeVFoot pulse: 3.3 GeV120 beams total (72 main, 48 foot)Pulse energy: 7 MJFinal spot radius: 2.2 mm

3 D neutronics calculations

Chamber dynamics

Mechanical engineering

Final beam optics + target physics + chamber propagation

Length: 2.7 km; Efficiency 28% Total cost: 2.8 B$

Slide 7 The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory

The arrays of flowing FLiNaBe liquid salt jets provide windows through which the beams pass

Slide 8 The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory