Slide 2-1 UNIT 2: THE ANALYTICAL SIZEUP PROCESS. Slide 2-2 OBJECTIVES The students will: Discuss the...

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UNIT 2:UNIT 2: THE ANALYTICAL SIZEUP THE ANALYTICAL SIZEUP

PROCESSPROCESS

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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

The students will:The students will:• Discuss the scientific method.Discuss the scientific method.• Describe the primary sizeup factors Describe the primary sizeup factors

and determine their impact on and determine their impact on objectives and strategies.objectives and strategies.

• Analyze the command sequence Analyze the command sequence action planning cycle.action planning cycle.

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USE THEUSE THESCIENTIFIC METHODSCIENTIFIC METHOD

• Observe the facts.Observe the facts.• Test the accuracy of the facts through Test the accuracy of the facts through

observation.observation.• If the facts are accurate, logical If the facts are accurate, logical

hypotheses can be deduced.hypotheses can be deduced.• If hypothesis is proved true, outcomes If hypothesis is proved true, outcomes

may be predicted in similar situations.may be predicted in similar situations.• These hypotheses are called principles.These hypotheses are called principles.

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PRIMARY FACTORS CHARTPRIMARY FACTORS CHART

Introduce the Primary Factors Introduce the Primary Factors ChartChart

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PRIMARY FACTORS PRIMARY FACTORS (SIZEUP)(SIZEUP)

Column 1:Column 1:

The conditions and elements that The conditions and elements that should be recognized and evaluated on should be recognized and evaluated on arrival and during operations.arrival and during operations.

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INCIDENT OBJECTIVES INCIDENT OBJECTIVES

Column 2:Column 2:• Safe Removal of Occupants:Safe Removal of Occupants: When life hazard When life hazard

for occupants is the limiting or strategic factor.for occupants is the limiting or strategic factor.• Contain and Control Fire to Room/Building of Contain and Control Fire to Room/Building of

Origin: Origin: No life hazard for occupants, and fire is No life hazard for occupants, and fire is considered to be controllable by a direct or considered to be controllable by a direct or indirect attack.indirect attack.

• Contain, Control, and Limit Fire in Exposures:Contain, Control, and Limit Fire in Exposures: No life hazard for occupants and the situation is No life hazard for occupants and the situation is temporarily uncontrollable.temporarily uncontrollable.

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INCIDENT STRATEGIESINCIDENT STRATEGIES

Column 3:Column 3:• RescueRescue• Exposure protection Exposure protection • Confine/Extinguish Confine/Extinguish • Overhaul Overhaul • Ventilation Ventilation • SalvageSalvage

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Primary FactorsPrimary Factors

Strategic ActivitiesStrategic Activities

MAKING DECISIONSMAKING DECISIONS

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

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PRIMARY FACTORSPRIMARY FACTORS

Evaluating the effect of the primary Evaluating the effect of the primary factors on incident strategies.factors on incident strategies.


LIMITSLIMITS

• LIFE HAZARD FOR OCCUPANTS LIFE HAZARD FOR OCCUPANTS Risks to firefighters, Risks to firefighters, ranging from merely unusual to ranging from merely unusual to extreme, may be warranted.extreme, may be warranted.

• NO LIFE HAZARD FOR NO LIFE HAZARD FOR OCCUPANTS OCCUPANTS Firefighters are Firefighters are never to be jeopardized unnecessarily.never to be jeopardized unnecessarily.



LIFE HAZARD LIFE HAZARD

• What effect would "status ofWhat effect would "status of occupants" have on your strategy?occupants" have on your strategy?

• What effect would "firefighter What effect would "firefighter safety" have on your strategy?safety" have on your strategy?



LOCATION OF FIRE ON LOCATION OF FIRE ON ARRIVALARRIVAL

• Fire buildingFire building• ExposuresExposures

What effect would "location of fire What effect would "location of fire on arrival" have on the strategy?on arrival" have on the strategy?


EXTENT OF FIRE AFTER EXTENT OF FIRE AFTER ARRIVALARRIVAL

• Fire buildingFire building• ExposuresExposures

What effect would "extent of fire What effect would "extent of fire after arrival" have on your strategy?after arrival" have on your strategy?


CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION

• ResidentialResidential

• CommercialCommercial

What is the effect of "ordinary What is the effect of "ordinary construction" on objectives?construction" on objectives?



ORDINARY CONSTRUCTION - MODERNORDINARY CONSTRUCTION - MODERN


CONSTRUCTION (cont'd)CONSTRUCTION (cont'd)

What is the effect of "wood-frame What is the effect of "wood-frame construction"on objectives?construction"on objectives?




What is the effect of "fire-resistive What is the effect of "fire-resistive construction" on objectives?construction" on objectives?


Fire-resistive Construction


Spray-on Fireproofing


Enclosed Stairs



What effect would "non-What effect would "non-combustible construction" have on combustible construction" have on your strategy?your strategy?




What is the effect of "buildings What is the effect of "buildings under construction" on objectives?under construction" on objectives?


Building Under Construction



What is the effect of "buildings What is the effect of "buildings under demolition" on objectives?under demolition" on objectives?


Building Under Demolition


OCCUPANCY OCCUPANCY

• Type of occupancyType of occupancy

• Contents of structure (fire load)Contents of structure (fire load)

• ExposuresExposures

What effect would "occupancy" have What effect would "occupancy" have on your strategies?on your strategies?


HEIGHT HEIGHT

• Fire buildingFire building


What effect would "height of building" What effect would "height of building" have on your strategy?have on your strategy?


AREAAREA

• Fire buildingFire building


What effect would "area of building" have What effect would "area of building" have on your strategy?on your strategy?


STRUCTURAL COLLAPSESTRUCTURAL COLLAPSE

• Fire building Fire building

• Exposures Exposures

• Collapse zoneCollapse zone

• Apparatus placementApparatus placement

What effect would "structural collapse" What effect would "structural collapse" have on your strategy?have on your strategy?


WEATHERWEATHER

• Low temperaturesLow temperatures

• High temperaturesHigh temperatures

• RainRain

• WindWind

What effect would "weather" have on What effect would "weather" have on your strategy?your strategy?


RESOURCE REQUIREMENTSRESOURCE REQUIREMENTS

• WaterWater• ApparatusApparatus• EquipmentEquipment• PersonnelPersonnel• Special extinguishing agentsSpecial extinguishing agents

What effect would "resource What effect would "resource requirements" have on your strategy?requirements" have on your strategy?


AUXILIARY APPLIANCESAUXILIARY APPLIANCES

• Sprinkler systemsSprinkler systems• Pressurization of stairways or other Pressurization of stairways or other

building areasbuilding areas

What effect would "auxiliary appliances" What effect would "auxiliary appliances" have on your strategy?have on your strategy?


TOPOGRAPHYTOPOGRAPHY

• Steeply graded streets/roadsSteeply graded streets/roads• Leveling portable ladders on gradesLeveling portable ladders on grades• Congested streets/roadsCongested streets/roads• Snow/Ice covered streets/roadsSnow/Ice covered streets/roads

• . .

What effect would "topography" have on What effect would "topography" have on your strategy?your strategy?


EXPLOSIONSEXPLOSIONS

• Smoke explosionsSmoke explosions• Bomb explosionsBomb explosions

What effect would "explosions" have on What effect would "explosions" have on your strategy?your strategy?


DURATION OF OPERATIONSDURATION OF OPERATIONS

• Long-duration incidents are difficult to deal with.Long-duration incidents are difficult to deal with.• May indicate heavy involvement and structural May indicate heavy involvement and structural

collapse.collapse.• Maximizes the exposure hazard.Maximizes the exposure hazard.• Consider relief for personnel.Consider relief for personnel.

What effect would "duration of operations" have What effect would "duration of operations" have on your strategy?on your strategy?



COMMAND SEQUENCE COMMAND SEQUENCE CYCLECYCLE

• Poor use of resourcesPoor use of resources• Inappropriate strategiesInappropriate strategies• Safety problemsSafety problems• High incident costsHigh incident costs• Lower effectivenessLower effectiveness

Critical factors of incident operations are often Critical factors of incident operations are often overlooked (or not given enough emphasis).overlooked (or not given enough emphasis).This can result in:This can result in:


COMMAND SEQUENCE CYCLE COMMAND SEQUENCE CYCLE (cont'd)(cont'd)

Consists of six sequential steps:Consists of six sequential steps:1.1. Understanding the situationUnderstanding the situation2.2. Establishing incident objectivesEstablishing incident objectives3.3. Developing strategyDeveloping strategy4.4. Directing tactical Directing tactical

and resource assignmentsand resource assignments5.5. Implementing the planImplementing the plan6.6. Evaluating the planEvaluating the plan


COMMAND SEQUENCECOMMAND SEQUENCE


SizeupSizeup

COMMAND SEQUENCE COMMAND SEQUENCE (cont'd)(cont'd)


UNDERSTANDING THE UNDERSTANDING THE SITUATIONSITUATION

Involves knowing:Involves knowing:• What has occurredWhat has occurred• If the incident will expand (or get If the incident will expand (or get

smaller)smaller)• Present (and future) resource and Present (and future) resource and

organizational needsorganizational needs



SizeupSizeup

Problem

ID


The analysis and comparison of The analysis and comparison of incident primary factors and cues incident primary factors and cues are the basis for problem are the basis for problem identification.identification.

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATIONPROBLEM IDENTIFICATION



Sizeup

Establish ObjectivesDevelop Strategy

Select Tactics

Problem

ID


ESTABLISHING INCIDENT ESTABLISHING INCIDENT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES

"What is an objective?""What is an objective?"


ESTABLISHING INCIDENT ESTABLISHING INCIDENT OBJECTIVES (cont'd) OBJECTIVES (cont'd)

"What is an objective?""What is an objective?"Answers the question Answers the question

"What can be accomplished when all "What can be accomplished when all allocated resources have been allocated resources have been

effectively deployed?" effectively deployed?"


ESTABLISHING INCIDENT ESTABLISHING INCIDENT OBJECTIVES (cont'd)OBJECTIVES (cont'd)

Objectives must be Objectives must be • AttainableAttainable• MeasurableMeasurable• Flexible and broadFlexible and broad


IDENTIFYING INCIDENT IDENTIFYING INCIDENT STRATEGY STRATEGY

"What is strategy?""What is strategy?"Answers the question Answers the question

"What needs to be done, and describes "What needs to be done, and describes the method (activities) that should be the method (activities) that should be

employed to accomplish the employed to accomplish the objective?"objective?"


IDENTIFYING INCIDENT STRATEGY (cont'd)IDENTIFYING INCIDENT STRATEGY (cont'd)

For small incidents: For small incidents: This is the sole responsibility of the This is the sole responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC)/Company Officer (CO).Incident Commander (IC)/Company Officer (CO).For large incidents: For large incidents: Members of the General Staff will Members of the General Staff will contribute incident strategies.contribute incident strategies.• RescueRescue• Exposure protectionExposure protection• ConfineConfine• ExtinguishExtinguish• OverhaulOverhaul• VentilationVentilation


TACTICAL DIRECTIONSTACTICAL DIRECTIONSAND RESOURCE ASSIGNMENTSAND RESOURCE ASSIGNMENTS

"What is a tactic?""What is a tactic?"Answers the questionAnswers the question

"How are we going to accomplish"How are we going to accomplishthe strategy?"the strategy?"


TACTICAL DIRECTIONSTACTICAL DIRECTIONS

• Tactical direction includes determining Tactical direction includes determining tactics necessary for selected strategy tactics necessary for selected strategy and assigning appropriate resources.and assigning appropriate resources.

• Developed around specific operational Developed around specific operational periods.periods.

• Large incidents may last for some time.Large incidents may last for some time.

• Tactical directions should be realistic.Tactical directions should be realistic.

• Resource assignments will be made for Resource assignments will be made for each of the specific tasks.each of the specific tasks.



Action Plan


Select Tactics

Problem

ID

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COMMAND SEQUENCE COMMAND SEQUENCE (cont'd)(cont'd)

Implementation

Action Plan


Select Tactics

Problem

ID

Sizeup


IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION

• Communicating assignments Communicating assignments clearly.clearly.

• Ensure assignments are understood.Ensure assignments are understood.

• Obtain timely feedback.Obtain timely feedback.



Implementation Establish ObjectivesDevelop Strategy

Select Tactics

Problem

ID

Sizeup

Evaluatethe Plan

Action Plan


EVALUATING THE PLANEVALUATING THE PLAN

• Is the strategy attaining the overall Is the strategy attaining the overall objectives?objectives?

• Are the appropriate tactics facilitating Are the appropriate tactics facilitating the strategy?the strategy?

• Does the plan need to be modified or Does the plan need to be modified or adjusted?adjusted?

• Continue the sizeup and evaluate the Continue the sizeup and evaluate the effectiveness of the Incident Action Plan effectiveness of the Incident Action Plan (IAP) (evaluate every 10 minutes).(IAP) (evaluate every 10 minutes).


ESTABLISHING AN ACTION ESTABLISHING AN ACTION PLANPLAN

Walk-around Walk-around

Hypothetical house fireHypothetical house fire


EXAMPLE OF OBJECTIVESEXAMPLE OF OBJECTIVES

Occupied house fire:Occupied house fire: Two-story occupied dwelling, 20' x 40', ordinary Two-story occupied dwelling, 20' x 40', ordinary construction, fire located living room area first construction, fire located living room area first floor, Side D, report of occupants trapped in floor, Side D, report of occupants trapped in second floor bedroom, Side B. No external second floor bedroom, Side B. No external exposures. exposures. Incident objectives:Incident objectives:• Safe removal of occupants. Safe removal of occupants. • Contain and control fire to room/building of Contain and control fire to room/building of

origin.origin.



EXAMPLE OF STRATEGIESEXAMPLE OF STRATEGIES

Example of strategies for objective # 1: Example of strategies for objective # 1: safe removal of occupantssafe removal of occupants• Strategy #1--RescueStrategy #1--Rescue

• Strategy #2--Confine/ExtinguishStrategy #2--Confine/Extinguish

• Strategy #3--VentilationStrategy #3--Ventilation


EXAMPLE OF TACTICS EXAMPLE OF TACTICS

For objective # 1 the strategy and tactics may beFor objective # 1 the strategy and tactics may be• RescueRescue

– Tactic # 1--Deploy search/rescue group to upper Tactic # 1--Deploy search/rescue group to upper floors. floors. – Tactic # 2--Deploy a 1-3/4-inch hoseline to first floor Tactic # 2--Deploy a 1-3/4-inch hoseline to first floor for stairwell/occupant protection.for stairwell/occupant protection.

• VentilationVentilation– Tactic # 3--Ventilate stairwell (if possible) and Side Tactic # 3--Ventilate stairwell (if possible) and Side B to support occupant removal.B to support occupant removal.


EXAMPLE OF STRATEGIESEXAMPLE OF STRATEGIES

• Strategy # 1--Confine/ExtinguishStrategy # 1--Confine/Extinguish• Strategy # 2--Ventilation Strategy # 2--Ventilation • Strategy # 3--SalvageStrategy # 3--Salvage

Example of strategies for objective # 2: contain Example of strategies for objective # 2: contain and control fire to room/building of originand control fire to room/building of origin


EXAMPLE OF TACTICSEXAMPLE OF TACTICS

For objective # 2 the strategy and tactics may be:For objective # 2 the strategy and tactics may be:• Confine/ExtinguishConfine/Extinguish

– Tactic # 1--Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline to first Tactic # 1--Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline to first floor Side D for confinement/extinguishment.floor Side D for confinement/extinguishment.

– Tactic # 2--Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline to second Tactic # 2--Deploy one 1-3/4-inch hoseline to second floor Side D for interior exposure protection.floor Side D for interior exposure protection.

• VentilationVentilation– Tactic # 3--Vertical ventilation of roof apertures and Tactic # 3--Vertical ventilation of roof apertures and

horizontal ventilation first and second floor.horizontal ventilation first and second floor.• SalvageSalvage

– Tactic # 4--Positive ventilation with proper use of Tactic # 4--Positive ventilation with proper use of fans.fans.

– Tactic # 5--Use of salvage covers and control of Tactic # 5--Use of salvage covers and control of water runoff.water runoff.


SUMMARYSUMMARY

• Scientific method of sizeupScientific method of sizeup

• Primary Factors chartPrimary Factors chart

• Making decisionsMaking decisions

• Evaluating primary factorsEvaluating primary factors

• Command Sequence CycleCommand Sequence Cycle

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Slide 2-1 UNIT 2: THE ANALYTICAL SIZEUP PROCESS. Slide 2-2 OBJECTIVES The students will: Discuss the...

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