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Thunderbolt Technology
The Transformational PC I/OTanbin Islam Siyam
0707043
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Introduction Thunderbolt is an interface
for connecting peripheraldevices to a computer via an
expansion. Originally codenamed Light
Peak.
Developed by Intel, withtechnical collaboration ofApple.
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Introduction (cont.) Thunderbolt technology is a
transformational I/Oinnovation, supports data (PCI
Express) and HD display(DisplayPort) connections overa single cable.
10 Gbps of full duplexbandwidth per channel.
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Features at a glance Dual-channel 10Gbps per port
Bi-directional
Dual-protocol (PCI Express and DisplayPort)
Compatible with existing DisplayPort devices
Daisy-chained devices
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Features at a glance (cont.)
Electrical or optical cables
Low latency with highly accurate timesynchronization
Uses native protocol software drivers
Power over cable for bus-powered devices
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Refining the I/O (cont.)
Devices in Daisy chain connection supported.
Hotplug Ready.
Datastorage
HD Display
Laptop
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Protocol Architecture Thunderbolt technology is based on a new
architecture with full-duplex links.
Thunderbolt port is capable of providing the full
bandwidth of the link in both directions. no sharing of bandwidth between ports or
between upstream and downstream directions.
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Protocol Architecture (cont.) The Thunderbolt protocol
physical layer is responsiblefor link maintenance
including hot-plug detection,and data encoding to providehighly efficient data transfer.
The heart of the Thunderbolt
protocol architecture is thetransport layer.
Figure: ThunderboltTechnology Architecture.
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Protocol Architecture (cont.) DisplayPort and PCI Express protocols are mapped onto
the transport layer.
Mapped protocol packets between a source device anda destination device may be routed over a path that maycross multiple Thunderbolt controllers.
Figure: PCI Express and DisplayPort transported between Thunderboltcontrollers over a Thunderbolt cable.
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Protocol Architecture (cont.) At the destination device, a protocol adapter
recreates the mapped protocol in a way that isindistinguishable from what was received by the
source device. Thunderbolt technology-enabled product
devices appear as PCI Express or DisplayPortdevices to the operating system of the host PC.
So available standard drivers are capable ofusing them.
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Controller Architecture Hostside Thunderbolt
controllers have one or moreDisplayPort input interfaces,a PCI Express interface along
with one or more Thunderbolttechnology interface.
A single chip, the host-sidecontroller enables system
vendors to easily incorporateThunderbolt technology intotheir designs.
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Comparison Chart
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Conclusion Thunderbolt is fast and balanced in performance.
It simplifies device management with smart features likedaisy chain etc.
With Thunderbolt technology, workstation-levelperformance feature expansion can be packaged asstandalone accessories, and is only a cable away.
Thunderbolt technology opens doors to entirely newsystem and product designs.
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References Thunderbolt Technology, Technology Brief, Intel
Corporation, June, 2011.
Intel Light Peak: Overview, Intel Corporation, February
25, 2010.
http://www.intel.com/technology/io/thunderbolt/index.htm
http://www.apple.com/thunderbolt/