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Copyright © 2007, Infosys Technologies Ltd

Basic .NET Programming Using C# – Day 1

ER/CORP/CRS/LA1007/003 Ver. No.:1.0

2

Course Objectives

• To understand .NET technology and .NET framework• To gain ability to work in Visual Studio 2005 Team System IDE• To learn Object Oriented Concept and it’s use in C#• To gain ability to do windows programming and event handling• Usage of built-in testing and code analysis tools in Visual Studio 2005

Team System for coding standards and testing in .NET framework

3

What is C# and where C# is being used

• It is one of the most powerful object oriented programming language from Microsoft

• It enables programmers to build a wide range of applications for the Microsoft .NET platform

• The type of application that can be developed are:– Console Application

– Windows Application

– ASP.NET Web Application

– Web Service

– Mobile Web Application

– Class Library

– Windows Control Library

– Web Control Library

– Smart Device Application

4

Course Pre-requisites

• Fundamental programming skills• C as a programming language

5

Expectations

• At the end of the Basic .NET Programming using C# module, the candidate should be conversant with the following

– .NET 3.0 architecture

– Object Oriented Concepts

– Development of console application, windows application and class libraries

– Usage of built-in testing and code analysis tools in Visual Studio 2005 Team System for coding standards and testing in .NET framework

– Working on Visual Studio 2005 Team System

• Understanding of C# would help in better understanding of the following modules

– ADO.NET

– Advanced .NET Programming using C#

– ASP.NET

6

Course Agenda (1 of 3)

• Session Plan - Day 1– Introduction to .NET Framework 3.0 technology– Structure of C# program– Data types in C#– Introduction to class and object– Arrays– Introduction to Visual Studio 2005 Team System IDE

• Session Plan - Day 2– Debugging using Visual Studio 2005 Team System– Classes and objects– this keyword– Static – data member, method, constructor– Property– Indexer – Inheritance, Method overloading

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• Session Plan - Day 3– Method overriding, Dynamic Polymorphism– Abstract – class and method– Interface– Introduction to namespace– System.Object– Boxing and unboxing– Typecasting– Destructor, IDisposable interface

• Session Plan - Day 4– Exception handling– Collection

• Array List, SortedList and enumerator

– Generics• Class• Method• Collection

– Iterators– Constraints

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• Session Plan - Day 5– GUI - Windows Application– Partial Classes– Delegates– Anonymous methods– Events

– Attributes

• Session Plan – Day 6– Development of assemblies

• Private and shared assemblies• Versioning and side-by-side execution

– File Handling– Serialization

9

References

• www.msdn.com • http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/• Troelsen,Andrew, “C# and the .Net Platform “, Apress • Archer,Tom , “Inside C#”, Wrox Publication• Sharp, John, “Microsoft Visual C# 2005 Step by Step”, Microsoft, 2005

http://www.msdn.com/

http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/

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Session Plan for Day1

• Introduction to .NET Framework 3.0 technology• Structure of C# program• Data types in C#• Introduction to class and objects• Arrays• Introduction to Visual Studio 2005 Team System IDE


Introduction to .NET Technologies

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Why .NET?

Need to create a

new project

Sales Module of

EZEE Project

developed using C++

Marketing Module of

ABB Project developed in VB.Net

Inventory Module of

XYZ Project

developed using Java

re – using

Applications developed in different languages.Incorporating them in a single project will be a

NIGHTMARE!

14

Why .NET?

A nightmare? Not anymore.Microsoft .NET is a simple solution to this

seemingly nightmarish situation. Equipped with various new features, it provides you with

interoperability

Interoperability – Components of applications written in one programming language

can be used for applications developed in other programming languages

1515

• Problems with integration of application developed with multiple technologies

• Limited cross-language interoperability

• COM technology drawbacks– COM components registration, unloading– Dynamic Link Library (DLL) Hell

• Hence Microsoft .NET Framework – a computing platform for developing distributed applications for the Internet.

Need for .NET Framework

19

Evolution of Technology

Terminal Mainframe Era

GUI Era

Character PC Era

Internet Browsing Era

Negatives of Internet Browsing Era:

“Read-only”

No user control

Too many islands

Keyboard only

Positives of Internet Browsing Era:

Global connectivity

Simplicity

Mainstream

20

Technology Drivers

• Computing power – Still doubling every 12 months

• Connectivity– Low cost, broad reach Internet and Wireless, broadband access

• Device proliferation– Multiple devices - PDAs, Mobile phones

• Internet Standards– XML-Based integration

21

The .NET Evolution

Before COM, applications were completely separate entities with little or no integration

Application

Code and data structures

22

The .NET Evolution

COM provides a way for components to integrate; However, each component must provide the “plumbing” and objects cannot directly interact

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The .NET Evolution

With the .NET Framework common language runtime (CLR), components are built on a common substrate; No “plumbing” is needed and objects can directly interact

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.NET’s answers to these problems

Web services:• Software As A Service

– Operate locally or hosted

– Programmability

– Any place, any time, any device

• Integration Is Intrinsic– An industry initiative

– Based on cross-platform standards

– Data and services

Assembly• Fundamental unit of development, deployment, execution, security and

versioning • A collection of one or more files grouped together to form a logical unit

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Web Services

Web Service

Language A in Platform B

Client

Language X in Platform M

Client

Language Y in Platform N

SOAP on Protocol 1

SOAP on Protocol 2

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Web Services

• A programmable application component accessible via standard Web protocols

• Web Services will allow people, companies, customers, suppliers, doctors, patients etc. to interact using different computers, different operating systems, and different applications

• The center of the .NET architecture

• Exposes functionality over the Web

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.NET Design Goals

• Simplify Processes– simplify the process of application development, deployment, execution, and

maintenance • Provide a Common Model

– provide a common programming model so that the components written in one language can be used and extended by the components written in other .NET-compatible languages.

• Provide Security– provide a high level of Code Access Security that enables administrators and

developers to authorize applications similar to the way they have always been able to authorize users

• Ensure Acceptability– Using web standards and best practices to ensure the maximum acceptability

of the applications developed

28

.NET

What is .NET?

• The set of Microsoft software technologies • Connecting the world of information, systems, people and devices.• Small applications communicating with other applications

– Located on the same machine or

– Via the Internet.

What is .NET Framework?

• A new computing platform• Simplifies application development in the highly distributed environment

of Internet

29

.NET Development Platform

Internal/externalWeb Services

Microsoft .NET FoundationWeb Services

Microsoft .NET enterpriseWeb Services

Web Clients

ConsumerApplications

Web Forms

Components

Windows OS

Web Services

Microsoft .NET Framework

Develo

pm

ent T

oo

ls:V

isual S

tud

io 2005, N

otep

ad

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Web ServicesWeb ServicesXML, SOAP, HTTP, HTMLXML, SOAP, HTTP, HTML

•Enables software as a service

•Based on XML

•SOAP is a W3C standard.

•Strong third party support

•IBM, Ariba, Commerce One, Iona, Rogue Wave

Web Services

32



.NET Framework.NET Framework

•Foundation for building, deploying, and running Web Services

•Productive, extensible, multi-language

•Integration through public Internet standards

.NET Framework

33

.NET Languages

• COBOL• Jscript .NET• Eiffel• Haskell / Mondrian• Pascal• ML• APL• Alice

• C• Visual C++• Visual Basic• Visual C#• Smalltalk• Oberon• Scheme• Mercury• Python

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.NET Framework.NET Framework

•Most productive tool for developing Web Services, applications

•Unified programming model, IDE

•Builds on today’s capabilities

Visual Studio.NETVisual Studio.NET

Visual Studio.NET

35


ADA

APL

COBOL

Pascal

Eiffel

Visual Perl

Visual Python

Smalltalk

and many more


.NET Framework.NET Framework3rd Party

Infrastructure

3rd PartyLanguages and Tools Visual Studio.NETVisual Studio.NET

Customers, PartnersDelivering Web Services

PartnersMicrosoft .NET

Development Platform

36

Features of .NET

Distributed Systems

Rich User Interface

Easy Deployment

Multiple Language supportExtensibility

Portability with compiledapplications

Integrity with COM

Single programming model

37

.NET 3.0 Architecture

• Was formerly called WinFX

• Available for Windows Vista, Windows XP SP2 and Windows Server 2003

• Built on the basic architecture of .NET 2.0 architecture

• Includes a new set of managed code APIs

38

.NET Framework 2.0 Architecture

Windows COM+ Services

Common Language Runtime

Base Class Library

ADO.NET and XML

ASP.NET Windows Forms

Common Language Specification

VB C++ C# JScript …V

isua

l Stu

dio

20

05 T

ea

m S

ystem

40

.Net Languages and Execution Model

VBVBSource Source codecode

CompilerCompiler

C++C++C#C#

CompilerCompilerCompilerCompiler

Operating System ServicesOperating System Services

Common Language Runtime

JIT CompilerJIT Compiler

Native CodeNative Code

ManagedManagedcodecode

AssemblyAssemblyIL CodeIL Code



41

CLR Execution Model

Source Code

Compiler

EXE/DLL(IL)

De

velo

pm

ent

Mac

hin

e

Class LoaderClass Libraries

(IL)

JIT Compiler

Managed NativeCode

ExecutionSecurity Check

Call to anuncompiled

method

Tar

ge

tM

ach

ine

Start

CLR Header

CLR Services

ISPermissions?

N

Y

N

N

N

Y

Y

Y

OS

Policy

Type Safe Exception

JIT

Security Exception

IsPreJIT ?

Execution IL

IsType Safe ?

42

Features of CLR

• Automatic Memory Management– Provides garbage collection

• Language Interoperability

• Platform Independence

• Security Management– Provides Code Access Security (CAS)

– Type Safety

44

Common Type System

• The CLR defines the type system, CTS

• All .NET languages map into the CTS

• CLR types defined under the system namespace

• All .NET languages provide their own keywords that map to the underlying CTS types– C# int keyword = System.Int32

– VB.NET integer keyword = System.Int32

45

Common Language Specification (CLS)

• CLS is a set of basic language guidelines that specify the features needed by .NET applications to fully interact with other objects regardless of their implementation language.

• Created to improve language interoperability– Defines a subset of the CTS

– Most of the Framework Class Libraries are CLS compliant

– Cannot overload based on return type

– Unsigned integer types are not allowed on public methods

– Arrays index has to start from 0.


Internal/externalWeb Services

Microsoft .NET FoundationWeb Services

Microsoft .NET enterpriseWeb Services

Web Clients

ConsumerApplications

Web Forms

Components

Windows OS

Web Services

Microsoft .NET Framework

Develo

pm

ent T

oo

ls:V

isual S

tud

io 2005, N

otep

adMicrosoft .NET

Framework


4848

Four new technologies in .NET Framework 3.0

• Windows Card Space (WCS) (formerly, Infocard)– Technology to simplify and improve the safety

of accessing resources and sharing personal identity

information online.

• Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) (formerly, Avalon)– Provides classes for building UI, documents, and

media

4949

Four new technologies in .NET Framework 3.0

• Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) (formerly, Indigo) – Unified programming model and runtime for

building service oriented applications

• Windows Workflow Foundation (WF)– Programming model, engine, and tools to build

workflow-enabled applications that model business

processes

50

Can you answer these questions?

• What are the features of .NET framework?

• What are the components of .NET architecture?

• What are main functionalities of CLR?

• What is the difference between CTS and CLS? What do you mean by

CLS compliant code?

• What is the main functionality of

– WCS

– WCF

– WPF

– WF


Introduction to programming using C#

52

Features of C Sharp

• Object-oriented• Simpler language

– Compared to earlier OO languages like C++, it is simple

– Designed considering the pitfalls of earlier languages

• Robust• Architecture Neutral / Portable• Secure

– Built -in security features like absence of pointers and confinement of the C# program within its runtime environment

• Support for Multithreading at language level• Designed to handle Distributed applications


Introduction to Class and Objects

54

What is a Class ?

• A Class• Is a blue print used to create objects.

• Is a software template that defines the methods and variables to be included in a particular kind of Object.

• Examples :• Animal, Human being, Automobiles, Bank Account, Customer

55

What is an Object ?

• An object• Is an unique, identifiable, self-contained entity that contains attributes and

behaviors.

• A software object is modeled after real world objects• A software object is a representative of the real world object

• Can be viewed as a "black box" which receives and sends messages

– Examples• Car• Telephone• Pen etc

56

Class Contains ..

• State (Member variables)

• The internal state of the object represented by values stored in member variables

• Variables defined inside a class form the state of the class

• Not exposed to external world

• Behavior (Member Methods)

• Behavior exhibited by the class to external world

• Functions defined inside the class form the behavior of the class

• Exposed to external world

57

State and Behavior

• Example: Car object– State

• Current Speed• Current Gear• Engine State (Running, Not Running)

– Behavior (Acts on the object and changes state)

• Slow down• Accelerate• Stop• Switch Off Engine• Start Engine

• Example: Dog Object– State

• Color• Breed• Activity (Barking/Not barking)• Tail Activity (Wagging/Not

Wagging)

– Behavior• Bark• Wag Tail• Eat

58

Example: Objects and Classes

Daria

4002

Jane

4003

Brittany

4004

Jodie

4001

classobject

Class Employee

Name

Age

EmpNo

setName()

setEmpNo()

CalcSalary()

59

Structure of a C# program

using System;

class FirstProgram

{

public static void Main()

{

Console.WriteLine(“Hello World”);

}

}

<<Demo : Structure of C# program >>

60

Data Types in C#

Value Types Reference Types

Value types include simple types like char, int, and float, enum types, and struct types

Reference types include class types, interface types, delegate types, and array types

Variable holds the actual value Variable holds memory location

Allocated on stack Allocated on heap

Assignment of one value type to another copies the value

Assignment of one reference type to another copies the reference

61

Data Types – Value Types

Data Types

Integer FloatingPoint Character Boolean

byte

sbyte

short

ushort

int

float

double

Char bool

uint

long

ulong

decimal

63

A structure of a Class in C#

class ClassName { DataType1 MemberVariable1;

ClassType2 Object2; /* A data members can be defined using 1) primitive types (int, float, string …)

2) user defined structures 3) object reference of a class */

ClassName( parameters ) { /* The constructor is used for members initialization during the object creation */}

return-type MethodName( parameters ) { /* All the application logics have to be placed

inside the methods. A method must be placed inside a class.*/ }

}// End of the class

64

Object creation & initialization in C# (1 of 4)

class Employee{

// Assume that class members are placed here}

/*To create an object of Employee Class,Any of the following approach can be followedBoth approaches results the same */

// Approach 1Employee emp; // object reference ‘emp’ is created emp = new Employee(); // object is created & assigned to emp

// Approach 2Employee emp = new Employee();

<<Demo : Object creation & initialization>>

65


class Employee {

public int age;

public void PrintEmpDetails(){ /* logic to print details*/ }

public int CalculateSalary(){/*logic to calculate salary /* }

} // end of Employee class

class Manager {

void SomeMethodOfManager() {

/* Accessing members of an Employee object

outside the Employee class */

Employee emp = new Employee();

emp.age = 22;//objectRefName.DataMemeberName = Value;

emp.PrintEmpDetails();//ObjectRefName.MethodName(params);

int salary = emp.CalculateSalary();

}

} // end of Manager class<<Demo : Object creation & initialization>>

66


class Employee {

public int age;

public float salary;

}

Employee emp1;

/* emp1 (an object reference) is initially unassigned.

It can point any one Employee type object or null */

emp1 = new Employee();

/* During object creation, new() allocates heap memory

and the constructor initializes the object’s members */

Employee emp2;

/* During object reference assignment of emp1 to emp2,

emp2 is made to point the same object pointed by emp1 */

emp2 = emp1;

emp2.age = 20; // emp1.age is also 20

age = 0salary = 0.0emp1

emp2 Unassigned

emp2

emp1 Unassigned

67


class Employee {

private int _age;

} // end of Employee class

class Manager {

void SomeMethodOfManager() {

/* Accessing members of an Employee object

outside the Employee class */

Employee emp = new Employee();

emp._age = 22; //results in compiler error.

/* A private member can’t be accessed outside the class */

}

} // end of Manager class

68

Predefined Types - String

• A sequence of characters• Strings are immutable (once created the value does not change)• String is Reference type and string class in C# is an alias of

System.String class in the dot net framework• The following special syntax for string literals is allowed as they are

built in data types.

– String str = “I am a string”;

C# Type System Type

String System.String

69

Predefined Types - StringBuilder

• Every time some modifications are done to the string a new String object needs to be created

• StringBuilder class can be used to modify string without creating a new string

• Properties:– Length

• Methods– Append()

– Insert()

– Remove()

– Replace()

StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder (“hi”);str.Append(“how are you?”)str.Insert(6,”How do you do?”);

70

Arrays

• Every array in C# is an object • Two ways of creating one dimensional array

• Two ways of initializing array elements during the Array object creation

/* Creating the array reference and initializing it in two steps */Type [ ] arrayObj;arrayObj = new Type[ capacity ];

/* Creating the array reference and initializing it in a single step */Type [ ] arrayObj = new Type[ capacity ];

Type [ ] arrayObj; arrayObj = new Type[ ] { value1, value2, value3, …}; Type [ ] arrayObj = { value1, value2, value3, …};

<<Demo : Arrays>>

71

Can you answer these questions?

• Mention the members that a class can have.• What are the different ways that an object can be created?• What is the difference between object creation and object initialization?• Why we need to declare an array?• How an array object is created and initialized?

Questions on Self study topics -• What do you mean by jagged arrays? • Which feature is different in the ‘switch’ statement in C# as compared to

in C?

72

Using Visual Studio 2005 Team System IDE

• Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 Team System is the Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

• This helps in fast development of Microsoft applications on .NET platform

• We can develop Console application as well as Windows Application in C# using Visual Studio

• Visual Studio 2005 Team System provides automated unit testing and code analysis

73

Visual Studio 2005 Team System

IncreasedReliability

QualityEarly & Often

Predictability& Visibility

Design forOperations

ProjectManager

SolutionArchitect

DeveloperTester

InfrastructureArchitect

74

Using Visual Studio 2005 Team System IDE

75

Summary

• Introduction to .NET technology• Structure of C# program• Data types in C#• Introduction to class and objects• Arrays• Introduction to Visual Studio 2005 Team System IDE


Thank You

“The contents of this document are proprietary and confidential to Infosys Technologies Ltd. and may not be disclosed in whole or in part at any time, to any third party without the prior written consent of Infosys Technologies Ltd.”

“© 2006 Infosys Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyright in the whole and any part of this document belongs to Infosys Technologies Ltd. This work may not be used, sold, transferred, adapted, abridged, copied or reproduced in whole or in part, in any manner or form, or in any media, without the prior written consent of Infosys Technologies Ltd.”

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