POETRY

TYPES OF POEMS

Today we will browse through…

Poetic Genres …the nature of poems *NOTE: some call them types as well

Poetic Types… the structure of poems

Poetic elements… the mechanics of poems

Poetry Genres:Mother Goose and Nursery Rhymes

Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse, the art of rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts.

Form: Many different forms of verse are included in traditional nursery rhymes, such as stories and riddles.

Examples: Hark! Hark! The Dogs do Bark!; Pease Porridge Hot; One, Two, Buckle My Shoe; Hush Little Baby; Pat-A-Cake

Nursery and Folk Songbooks

Collection of traditional and modern verses and their musical notations

illustrated

Rock –a-Bye –Baby Hey Diddle Diddle Pussycat Pussycat Twinkle Twinkle

Little Star Georgie Porgie

Examples

Ballads

Definition: Literary works that are narrative poetry and tell a story.

Form: Many different forms to write different types of ballads.

More poetic genres…

Lyrical – describes beauty Ode – lyrical, addresses something, sung Didactic – has strong message Ballad – tells a story Elegy – sad , usually sung for / about the dead (Requiem – mass for dead accompanied by music)

Dirge – sung at funerals Epitaph – written on tombstones Narrative – tells story Dramatic – talks to an audience Slam poetry – expresses anger /protest

(performed)

SLAM POETRY

Dear neighbors who live in my hood,I'm not sure why you think it's goodto let you preshush furry babies pooin my yard and not wrap the doo.

Take it away, I don't like your gift.I don't need puppy pee and shit.I have a 8 month old baby boywho's own loaded diapers fill me with joy.

Hm...Maybe they'd fill you with joy too!Leave your address and the next time he poos,I'll bring that steamy diaper by your place,and fling it on your lawn, honk my horn and say,"Take that you tacky people who won't clean up after your animal and leave dog CRAP on someone else's property. You suck!!"

-Stacey Jay c. 2009

Types (Focus is Structure)

Free Verse

Definition: Literary work of poetry that is written without ‘proper rules’ about form, rhyme, rhythm, or meter.

Form: Lacks rhyme and has less predictable rhythm.

Examples: Fog; Out of the Dust; Leaves of Grass; Seashells

Concrete

Definition: Literary work in verse in which the words and phrases are arranged on paper to capture and extend the meaning. Each line should be a complete unit of thought.

Form: The text itself forms a visible picture on the page.

Triplet Definition: Literary work in metrical form or

verse that has three lines. Most often the three lines rhyme. Some triplets have only two rhymed lines with different patterns.

Form: 3 rhyming lines or 2 rhyming lines. Example: 2 rhyming

lines tripletDown by the lakeGrandpa and I drop a

lineThen have lots of fish

to take.

.

• Example: 3 rhyming lines triplet

- Football is the game for me

- The stadium is a great place to be

- Touchdowns are what I like to see.

Haiku

Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse, that is an unrhymed Japanese poem with three lines and a specific syllable pattern. Haiku’s theme is usually nature.

Form: Line #1: 5 syllables Line #2: 7 syllables Line #3: 5 syllables Example: An old silent pond From leaf to leaf hops a frog Looking for a meal

Cinquain

Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse that has five lines.

Form: Line #1: Subject Line #2: Two describing words Line #3: -’ing’ words about what the subject

does Line #4: A sentence about the subject Line #5: Another name for the subject Example: Spider Furry, black Climbing, spinning, weaving They make an intricate web Tarantula

Limericks Definition: Literary work in metrical form or verse, the art of

rhythmical composition, written or spoken, for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts. A limerick is a very short but funny poem. There is a rhyme and rhythm pattern that makes it flow smoothly.

Form: Lines 1,2 and 5: rhyme and have eight to ten syllables. Lines 3 and 4: rhyme and have five to seven syllables.

Example: There once was a tycoon from New York Who thought he could eat all foods with a

fork Ice cream gave him some trouble His problem seemed to double When he tried sipping champagne from

the cork.

Diamante Definition: Literary work in metrical

form or verse, which has seven lines. The form is written about two opposite subjects and makes a comparison between them by moving from one to the other. Subjects might include war-peace, fire-ice, hot cold, etc.

Form:

Line #1: 1 noun that names the first subject

Line #2: 2 adjectives that describe the first subject

Line #3: 3 –’ing’ words that are related to the first subject

Line #4: 4 nouns: the first 2 related to the first subject (line 1) & the second 2 related to the second subject (line 7)

Line #5: 3 –’ing’ words that are related to the second subject

Line #6: 2 adjectives that describe the second subject

Line #7: 1 noun that names the second subject

Shakespearean Sonnet

Has fixed form – 14 lines with 3 rhyming stanzas and a rhyming couplet

4 lines4 lines4 lines2 lines

Petrarchan Sonnet

First developed by Italian humanist and writer, Francesco Petrarca

The original Italian sonnet form divides the poem's 14 lines into two parts, an octave (first eight lines) and a sestet (last six lines).

rhyme scheme for the octave is typically

a b b a a b b a. the sestet is more flexible. Petrarch

typically used c d e c d e or c d c d c d for the sestet.

Octave

The octave's purpose is to introduce a problem, express a desire, reflect on reality, or otherwise present a situation that causes doubt or conflict within the speaker.

It usually does this by introducing the problem within its first quatrain (unified four-line section) and developing it in the second.

What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why, aI have forgotten, and what arms have lain bUnder my head till morning; but the rain bIs full of ghosts tonight, that tap and sigh aUpon the glass and listen for reply; aAnd in my heart there stirs a quiet pain bFor unremembered lads that not again bWill turn to me at midnight with a cry. aThus in the winter stands a lonely tree, cNor knows what birds have vanished one by one, dYet know its boughs more silent than before: eI cannot say what loves have come and gone; dI only know that summer sang in me cA little while, that in me sings no more. e

Sestet

The beginning of the sestet is known as the volta, and it introduces a pronounced change in tone in the sonnet; the change in rhyme scheme marks the turn.

The sestet's purpose as a whole is to make a comment on the problem or to apply a solution to it.

The pair are separate but usually used to reinforce a unified argument

Others…

Word poems Name poems Acrostic poems Bio poems Shape poems

ELEMENTS IN POETRY Subject matter – what the poem is literally

about. E.g. ‘I know why the caged bird sings sad songs

’(Its about a bird in a cage that sings)

Theme – The meaning or message that arises from a poem. There could be multiple meanings in a single poem.

E.g. It is about freedom /the freedom of choice/ oppression of the Black Americans

Poet – the author of the poem Persona – the character in the poem

Rhyme Scheme

There once was a tycoon from New York Who thought he could eat all foods

with a fork Ice cream gave him some trouble

His problem seemed to double When he tried sipping champagne from

the cork.

Rhyme scheme: a,a,b,b,aNote: Sounds not spelling

Literary Devices

Personification – human attributes given to a non-human subject. E.g. The skies cried that day

Metaphor – direct comparison of two dissimilar things. E.g. My teacher is a real tiger.

Simile - indirect comparison of two dissimilar things.

E.g. My teacher is like a tiger.

Assonance – the repetition of vowel sounds. E.g. “call the hall to a halt with a ball”

Alliteration – the repetition of consonant sounds. E.g. “fancy finding a baffling bluff”

Onomatopoeia – the word sounds like what it means- “hiss”, “buzz”, “cooed”, “fizzle”

Repetition – E.g.lonely, lonely, lonely Hyperbole – overstatement .e.g. My mother…

Irony –a contrast or a discrepancy of some sort. Verbal e.g . He know nothin ‘bout no

English

Situational e.g. Marie: Let them eat cake!

Dramatic e.g. Triffles

Tone & Mood

Tone- Aspects of a work that reveals an author’s / poet’s attitude. E.g. playful, angry, mocking, sarcastic, sombre, melancholic etc

Mood – The atmosphere evoked or created

Imagery

sensory details - language that appeals to any one of the five senses

Sight

Smell

Touch

Sound

Taste

Pictures created by using Sensory Details.

IMAGERY

LITERAL IMAGES

SENSUOUS IMAGERY

SYMBOLIC IMAGES

FIGURATIVE IMAGES

COLOURSSHAPES

MOVEMENTSSOUNDSRHYTHMRHYME

Thank You